著者

Angel ALMENDROS Richard BURCHELL Janelle WIERENGA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0209, (Released:2020-08-04)

被引用文献数

9

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Babesia spp. are globally distributed hemoparasites that cause disease in many mammalian species. The species Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) is prevalent and endemic in many Asian countries but has also been reported in growing numbers in countries outside of Asia. Standard therapies for the treatment of B. gibsoni often fail to result in consistent and successful clearance of the organism. This study evaluated the use of a combination of three antibiotics: metronidazole, clindamycin and doxycycline after atovaquone and azithromycin failed to eliminate the infection on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. The aim of this study was to determine whether the triple antibiotic combination was an appropriate alternative or additional treatment for the elimination of B. gibsoni. The medical records of 24 patients treated from December 2012 to July 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnosis of B. gibsoni was confirmed with a PCR test that was also used to assess treatment response. All patients were initially treated with the standard therapy, atovaquone and azithromycin with a 25% success rate clearing B. gibsoni. Dogs that remained positive on PCR using the standard therapy were then treated with the triple antibiotic protocol achieving an 87% success rate. The inclusion of an alternative and potentially effective protocol for the treatment of B. gibsoni would increase the options for the current therapeutic options, could aid in clearance of the organism and offer a more affordable option for clients.

著者

Nao AKIYAMA Karin UESAKA Yusuke TANAKA Jun HIASA Ken-ichi WATANABE Noriyuki HORIUCHI Yoshiyasu KOBAYASHI Hisashi INOKUMA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0295, (Released:2020-08-03)

被引用文献数

1

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A 2-day-old Japanese Black male calf that presented with opisthotonos with spastic extension of all four limbs and nystagmus was presented. Evaluation of cranial neurology revealed a horizontal slow nystagmus and absence of menace response in the left eye. Necropsy revealed a mass located between the posterior margin of the cerebrum and anterior margin of the cerebellum, and continuously with the cerebellar lesion. The brainstem was severely compressed by those lesions. Original structures of the cerebellum were mostly replaced by grayish-white and brownish tissues. Those lesions were diagnosed as presumed cerebellar medulloblastoma by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. As neuron-specific enolase in the cerebrospinal fluid which is a biomarker for neuronal damage was increased compared with healthy calves.

著者

Yuzo TSUYUKI Sayaka NAKAZAWA Setsuko KUBO Mieko GOTO Takashi TAKAHASHI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0294, (Released:2020-07-27)

被引用文献数

3

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We aimed to clarify antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of anaerobes from diseased companion animals. Bacterial identification was based on the Japanese 2012 guidelines for the testing of anaerobic bacteria. AST was performed using the broth microdilution method. The anaerobe-containing samples collected from 2014 to 2018 included blood (anaerobe recovery rate, 5.0%), bile (9.4%), joint fluids (0.6%), pleural effusions (42.6%), ascites (64.1%), cerebrospinal fluids (3.0%), and punctures (75.0%). The anaerobes identified included Bacteroides spp. (33.2%), Peptostreptococcus spp. (19.6%), Prevotella spp. (13.6%), Propionibacterium spp. (10.3%), Clostridium spp. (9.3%), and Fusobacterium spp. (7.5%). Bacteroides fragilis group isolates were resistant to penicillin G (100%), ampicillin (100%), cefmetazole (63.6%), ceftizoxime (90.0%), and clindamycin (40.0%). Our observations demonstrated antimicrobial susceptibility in anaerobes isolated from Japanese companion animals.

著者

Moonjung JANG Jaewoo HWANG Jihye NAM Dalhae KIM Wongyun SON Inhyung LEE Mincheol CHOI Junghee YOON

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0060, (Released:2020-07-20)

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Oxygen-induced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hyperintensity artifact is inevitable in fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance (MR) images of anesthetized animals. This experimental study aimed to confirm the occurrence of this artifact on low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to determine the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) that is safe and does not induce this artifact in canine brain MRI. Six healthy dogs underwent brain FLAIR MR scans under general anesthesia with 21%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% FiO2. The signal intensity (SI) ratio was calculated as the SI of CSF spaces divided by that of normalizing regions. The SI ratios of 21% FiO2 images were significantly different from those of 100% FiO2 images, indicating the presence of artifacts on 100% FiO2 images. The SI ratios of 30% FiO2 images were not significantly different from those of 21% FiO2 images for any of CSF spaces. However, they were significantly different from those of 100% FiO2 images in the cerebral sulci, third ventricle, interpeduncular cistern, mesencephalic aqueduct, and subarachnoid space at the level of the first cervical vertebra (P<0.05). All dogs had normal partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) during inhalation of 30% FiO2, while two dogs had low PaO2 during inhalation of 21% FiO2. Our findings support the hypothesis that high FiO2 induces CSF hyperintensity artifact on low-field FLAIR MR images in dogs. FiO2 of 30% is appropriate for obtaining brain FLAIR MR images with fewer artifacts in dogs.

著者

Jae-Young OH Jong-Chan CHAE Jae-Ik HAN Won-Keun SONG Chang-Min LEE Hee-Myung PARK

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19-0523, (Released:2020-07-23)

被引用文献数

4

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This study aimed to investigate the distribution and epidemiological relatedness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from companion dogs, owners, and residential environments of 72 households. Sampling was performed twice from January to June 2018 and a total of 2,592 specimens were collected. The specimens collected from each household were streaked on CHROM agar Staph aureus and the colonies grown on the medium were further identified using a mass spectrometry microbial identification system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Panton-Valentine-Leukocidin (PVL) gene PCR, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, Staphylococcus aureus Protein A (spa) typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were conducted to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the MRSA isolates. A total of 65 S. aureus strains (2.5%) were isolated and 49 (1.9%) of 65 strains were MRSA displaying cefoxitin-resistance with mecA carriage. MRSA strains were isolated from dogs (n=6, 9.2%), owners (n=27, 41.5%), and residential environments (n=16, 24.6%), respectively. Overall prevalence of non-duplicated MRSA was 16.7% (12/72 households) at household level. ST72-SCCmec IVc MRSA clones predominantly appeared in MRSA-positive families. Furthermore, PFGE analyses showed that ST72-SCCmec IVc-t324 is shared between dog owners and dogs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the sharing of ST72 MRSA between dogs and their owners.

著者

Mario RICCIARDI Alice CASALI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0064, (Released:2020-07-24)

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The internal thoracic veins (ITVs) are small paired vessels located on the ventral surface of the thoracic cavity that drain the ventro-cranial abdominal wall, the ventro-lateral thoracic wall, the diaphragm and part of the mediastinum, conveying blood from these regions into the cranial vena cava. These vessels demonstrate a high level of anatomic plasticity and haemodynamic adaptability in both humans and small animals with blood flow impairment of the main abdominal and thoracic venous trunks. The ITVs may act as a natural bypass between the cranial and caudal venous system and between the portal vein and the cranial vena cava, depending on the level of the obstruction, giving rise to a wide spectrum of collateral pathways: intrathoracic cavo-caval, thoraco-abdominal cavo-caval, abdomino-thoracic cavo-caval, porto-cranial caval and lateral thoracic-azygos ITV collaterals. This paper provides a brief overview of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the ITVs described in dogs with cranial and caudal vena cava obstruction and portal hypertension as shown by CT angiography. Collateral ITV pathways need to be distinguished from other vascular anomalies in dogs, and their identification during routine CT studies could help radiologists to reach a more accurate diagnosis of caval or portal flow disturbance.

著者

Hideki ENDO Yoshihiro HAYASHI Teruyuki KOMIYA Etsuo NARUSHIMA Motoki SASAKI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.5, pp.533-537, 2001 (Released:2001-06-02)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

10 14

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The architecture of the M. caninus in the elongated nose was examined in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). The following complicated musculature of the M. caninus was observed in the proximal and distal regions of the nose: (1) Proximal region: In the superficial layer, the longitudinal bundles are confirmed in the dorsal part, and the obliquely-oriented ones in the ventral part. In the middle layer, some bundles run ventro-distally, while other ones represent longitudinally-oriented running. The deep layer consists of complicated architecture of many bundles. Some muscle bundles run medio-laterally, while the others extend proximo-distally in this space. (2) Distal region: In the dorsal part of the M. caninus, the bundles run at deep-superficial direction, while in the ventral part the bundles are longitudinally arranged. The bundles run at lateral direction near the septum of the nasal conduits. The N. facialis and N. infraorbitalis send many branches in the lateral area of the M. caninus in the trunk. This muscle architecture of multi-oriented bundles and well-developed innervation to them suggest that they enable the elongated nose to act as a refined manipulator in the Asian elephant.

著者

Kazuaki TANAKA Misaki YAMAMOTO-FUKUDA Tatsuya TAKIZAWA Hidekatsu SHIMAKURA Masahiro SAKAGUCHI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0301, (Released:2020-07-15)

被引用文献数

9

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Interleukin-4 (IL4) and interleukin-13 (IL13) are involved in the initial response of T helper 2 lymphocytes through the activation of the IL4 receptor alpha (IL4RA), which is a common receptor chain for these cytokines. In humans, several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in the IL4R and in interleukin coding genes were associated with atopic disorders. However, the association between canine IL4R polymorphisms and atopic disorders has not been investigated yet. This study aimed to determine the associations between four non-synonymous SNPs and canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) in shiba inu and miniature dachshund populations. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis were used to genotype four polymorphisms of canine IL4R and IL13 in 34 shiba inu and 19 miniature dachshund patients with CAD, as well as 29 shiba inu and 39 miniature dachshund patients without the condition. Results from miniature dachshunds revealed a potential association between the presence of minor A allele rs24378020 and CAD (odds ratio, 0.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.85; poriginal=0.0062). This CAD resistance allele led to an amino acid substitution (Arg688Cys) that could impair IL4 and IL13 signaling. In shiba inu patients, rs24378020 was fixed by homozygosity of the major G allele. No association was found between the remaining three evaluated SNPs and CAD. Nevertheless, the study suggests that the IL4R Cys688 variant reduces the risk of CAD in miniature dachshunds.

著者

Toshi WATANABE

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.5, pp.557-562, 2003 (Released:2003-06-06)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

3 2

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The development of sucking pressure was investigated with an artificial nipple in 16 male and female rat pups on postnatal days 4, 7, 10, 14, and 18. The rat pups refused to suck on the artificial nipple on postnatal day 14 or day 18 thus negative sucking pressure had to be calculated by regression analysis. As a result, the mean maximum intra-oral negative sucking pressure on day 18 was calculated to be -160.1 mmHg in the male and -103.4 mmHg in the female. Based on these results, the maximum level of negative pressure of the automated experimental rat milker was set at -160 mmHg. The automated experimental milker for rat is able to collect milk from lactating mothers by alternating negative and atmospheric pressures through two solenoid valves and a vacuum pump attached to a microcomputer. Mother rats were milked with the automated experimental milker on postpartum days 4, 7, 10, 14 and 18 of a single lactation period. The maximum mean milk yield with this machine was 3.18 ± 1.37 g, obtained on day 14 of the lactation period. This quantity is considerably lower than previously reported values obtained by measuring differences in body weight of the offspring and mother rat before and after suckling. It is necessary to further optimize this system, but the milk yield in the present study is adequate for chemical analysis.

著者

Mona UCHIDA Aki OHMI Reina FUJIWARA Kenjiro FUKUSHIMA Akihiro DOI Kazushi AZUMA Hajime TSUJIMOTO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19-0605, (Released:2020-07-13)

被引用文献数

2

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Two dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia complicated with thromboembolism were presented. Both of the dogs were initially treated with immunosuppressive therapy in conjunction with dalteparin and clopidogrel. Although the immunosuppressive therapy was effective, peritoneal effusion due to thromboembolism was observed during the course of the disease in these dogs. After initiation of rivaroxaban treatment, peritoneal effusion decreased immediately in parallel with the normalization of D-dimer, antithrombin (AT), and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT). Hematochezia, cutaneous hemorrhage, and hematuria were observed as adverse events after administration of rivaroxaban in one case. Rivaroxaban was effective for the control of thromboembolism secondary to immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, and D-dimer, AT, and TAT were useful to monitor the status of thromboembolic disease in dogs.

著者

Ekkapol AKARAPHUTIPORN Eugene C. BWALYA Sangho KIM Takafumi SUNAGA Ryosuke ECHIGO Masahiro OKUMURA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0091, (Released:2020-07-07)

被引用文献数

3

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Pentosan polysulfate (PPS) is a semi-synthetic sulfated polysaccharide compound which has been shown the benefits on therapeutic treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) and has been proposed as a disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs). This study investigated the effects of PPS on cell proliferation, particularly in cell cycle modulation and phenotype promotion of canine articular chondrocytes (AC). Canine AC were treated with PPS (0–80 µg/ml) for 24, 48 and 72 hr. The effect of PPS on cell viability, cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by MTT assay, DNA quantification and flow cytometry. Chondrocyte phenotype was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantification. PPS significantly reduced AC proliferation through cell cycle modulation particularly by maintaining a significantly higher proportion of chondrocytes in the G1 phase and a significantly lower proportion in the S phase of the cell cycle in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. While the proportion of chondrocytes in G1 phase corresponded with the significant downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1 and 4. Furthermore, the study confirms that PPS promotes a chondrogenic phenotype of AC through significant upregulation of collagen type II (Col2A1) mRNA and GAG synthesis. The effect of PPS on the inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation while promoting a chondrocyte phenotype could be beneficial in the early stages of OA treatment, which transient increase in proliferative activity of chondrocytes with subsequent phenotypic shift and less productive in an essential component of extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed.

著者

Keita SATO Jiro MIYAMAE Manabu SAKAI Masaharu OKANO Fumihiko KATAKURA Hisashi SHIBUYA Tomohiro NAKAYAMA Tadaaki MORITOMO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0142, (Released:2020-07-06)

被引用文献数

1

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Transplantation medicine is used for the treatment of severe canine diseases, and the dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) is considered to be important in graft rejection. However, the utility of direct sequencing of both DLA classes I and II has not been assessed thoroughly. Eight healthy beagles with identified DLA genes were divided into two sets of four dogs, each including one donor and three recipients for skin transplantation. The following recipients were selected: one dog with a complete match, one with a haploidentical match, and one with a complete mismatch of the DLA gene with the donor. Full-thickness skin segments were obtained from each donor and transplanted to the recipients. A mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay was performed and analyzed by flow cytometry. Skin grafts of DLA haploidentical and mismatched pairs were grossly rejected within 14 days, whereas in fully matched DLA pairs, survival was as long as 21 days. Histopathological evaluation also showed moderate to severe lymphocytic infiltration and necrosis in DLA mismatched pairs. As seen in the MLR assay, the stimulation index of DLA mismatched pairs was significantly higher than that of fully matched DLA pairs in both sets (P<0.001). The allogeneic transplantation results suggested that it is possible to prolong transplant engraftment by completely matching the DLA genotype between the donor and recipient. Additionally, the MLR assay may be used as a simplified in vitro method to select donors.

著者

Risa MAKISHIMA Hirotaka KONDO Atsuto NARUKE Hisashi SHIBUYA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0220, (Released:2020-07-01)

被引用文献数

1

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An 8-year-and-9-month-old male, lop-eared rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) presented with gradual enlargement of the left eye to 4 × 4 × 4 cm and exophthalmos. The animal died 3 months later, and necropsy was performed. On gross pathology, the intraocular tissue was effaced and occluded by a hard, light-gray mass. Histologically, the mass comprised spindle-shaped to angular cells arranged in interlacing bundles with abundant production of osteoid and cartilage, consistent with osteosarcoma. Limited cases of intraocular neoplasm have been reported in pet rabbits. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first pathologic documentation of intraocular osteosarcoma in a rabbit.

著者

Hitoshi HATAI Katsuhisa NAGAI Yuki TANAKA Noriaki MIYOSHI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0305, (Released:2020-06-22)

被引用文献数

2

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Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a rare mesenchymal tumor with differentiation toward the skeletal muscle. Although several cases of canine ARMS have been reported in veterinary medicine, only one case of abdominal ARMS has been reported in a cow. A 13-month-old, Japanese black heifer was referred for pus-like nasal discharge. On autopsy, an 11 × 7 × 4.5-cm pedunculated mass closed to the left palatine tonsillar sinus that occupied the laryngopharynx. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that the tumor was a typical ARMS. To the best of our knowledge, this has been the first case of primary pharyngeal ARMS in a Japanese black heifer, which is rare among cows. Nonetheless, its characteristics, including site, age and subtype, are identical to those among humans and dogs.

著者

Joonyoung KIM Chang-Min LEE Ha-Jung KIM

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0125, (Released:2020-06-23)

被引用文献数

6

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The aim of this study was to determine whether serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and cystatin C (CysC) levels can be utilized as more accurate markers of early kidney dysfunction in dogs. Forty-one client-owned dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which were clinically stable, and ten beagles as healthy controls were included. All dogs underwent physical examination, systemic blood pressure measurement, complete blood cell count (CBC), and plasma biochemistry analyses. Frozen serum was used for SDMA and CysC analyses. Data analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis, Pearson’s correlation, Bland-Altman plots, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. SDMA and CysC levels were significantly higher in patients with CKD at various International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stages than in the healthy controls. In particular, CysC level was the only biomarker that could indicate the earliest stage of CKD (IRIS stage I). Similar to these results, CysC level showed better sensitivity and specificity compared to the other biomarkers in early CKD dogs.

著者

Chutimon THANABOONNIPAT Saikaew SUTAYATRAM Chollada BURANAKARL Nan CHOISUNIRACHON

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19-0496, (Released:2020-06-18)

被引用文献数

4

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common renal disease in dogs and cats. Renal fibrosis is a main pathologic process leading of CKD progression. Renal biopsy is the gold standard for renal fibrosis assessment. However, it is not routinely performed in clinic due to its invasiveness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ultrasonographic strain elastography (SE), which is a non-invasive method for renal tissue stiffness determination and its association with renal function. Renal strain ratios and renal function were evaluated in 13 CKD dogs (CKDD), 38 healthy dogs (HD), 17 CKD cats (CKDC) and 26 healthy cats (HC). There were significantly lower renal cortical strain ratios than medullary strain ratios in all groups (HD; P<0.01, HC; P<0.01, CKDD and CKDC; P<0.05) and significantly lower cortical and medullary strain ratios in both CKDD and CKDC than in healthy control animals of both species (P<0.0001). In dogs, the renal cortical and medullary strain ratios significantly negatively correlated with plasma creatinine (P<0.05), blood urea nitrogen (BUN; P<0.05; P<0.01, respectively), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA; P<0.01). In cats, similar correlations were found for plasma creatinine (P<0.001), BUN (P<0.05; P<0.001, respectively) and SDMA (P<0.05). SE might be a promising imaging diagnostic tool for renal-elasticity evaluation, also correlating with renal functional impairment in canine and feline CKD.

著者

El-Sayed EL-ALFY Yoshifumi NISHIKAWA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0151, (Released:2020-06-15)

被引用文献数

7

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Cryptosporidium species infect domestic animals, livestock, and humans. These protozoan parasites are frequently reported as major environmental contaminants in many countries despite their differing climatic, socioeconomic, and demographic factors. This review focuses on the research findings that relate to Cryptosporidium epidemiology, genetic diversity, and associated risk factors relating to animals, contaminated water sources, and humans in Japan. Adequate knowledge of these factors is essential for understanding the economic and public health importance of cryptosporidiosis in Japan so that effective control strategies against it are implemented. Cryptosporidium infections are highly prevalent in animals in Japan. Among the different animal species, cattle infections stand out because of their economic importance and zoonotic potential. Living circumstances in Japan restrain Cryptosporidium transmission between humans, but there is evidence to suggest that animals, especially those in close contact with humans, can be potential sources of human infections. Water sampling studies have provided clues about how environmental contamination with Cryptosporidium oocysts can cause infections in livestock and wild animals. There is some evidence of person-to-person transmission of cryptosporidiosis, but only occasionally and under certain circumstances. By identifying the major role played by animals in Cryptosporidium transmission to people in Japan, we highlight the urgent need for disease control against this pathogen.

著者

Kenichi MASUDA Atsushi SATO Atsushi TANAKA Akiko KUMAGAI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.177-183, 2020 (Released:2020-02-18)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

4

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Hydrolyzed proteins are often prescribed for dogs with food hypersensitivity in food elimination programs. However, the potential of these diets to stimulate lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivity is currently unknown. In this study, two commercially available hydrolyzed diets for dogs, D-1 (Aminopeptide Formula Dry, Royal Canin Japon, Tokyo, Japan), and D-2 (Canine z/d Ultra Dry, Hill’s-Colgate (Japan) Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), were analyzed to identify residual proteins or peptides, as well as activated helper T-lymphocyte reactions in dogs with suspected food hypersensitivity. Proteins and peptides with molecular weights >1 kDa (majority 1.5–3.5 kDa) were detected in both diet extracts with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and size exclusion chromatography. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s) from 316 dogs with suspected food allergies were cultured with hydrolyzed diet extracts, flow cytometry analysis revealed detectable levels of CD25low helper T-lymphocytes stimulated by D-1 and D-2 in 91 of 316, (28.8%), and 75 of 316 (23.7%) samples, respectively. These data indicated that the extracts contained proteins or peptides large enough to activate the lymphocytes. The percentages of CD25low helper T-lymphocytes stimulated by D-1 and D-2 extracts increased to 38.7% and 29.6%, respectively, in 186 of the original 316 samples (186/316, 58.9%), also reactive to poultry-related antigens. Thus, both poultry-related antigens, and D-1 and D-2 diet extracts may activate helper T-lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that hydrolyzed diets may contain proteins that stimulate helper T-lymphocytes, and may not be effective for treating all dogs with food hypersensitivity.

著者

Ikki MITSUI Shigeaki OHTSUKI Kazuyuki UCHIDA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0088, (Released:2020-06-10)

被引用文献数

1

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Hepatobiliary diseases of animals are frequently diagnosed by a combination of imaging, clinical pathology, and histopathology. A standardized surgical liver biopsy protocol, however, has not been established in veterinary medicine with regard to the selection of lobe and site of the liver to yield the most diagnostic information. To address this matter, we histologically examined 33 livers of autopsied dogs from which tissue samples of 4 different lobes as well as 4 different sites of each lobe were prepared. We measured the hepatic lobular diameter (HLD) as an objective variable to refer to the inter-lobar or inter-site difference among the biopsied samples. A measurement of 2,623 hepatic lobules resulted in 1.042 mm as the average of all the HLD values. Statistical analysis further revealed that the HLD tended to be small in a superficial 2 mm area of the liver parenchyma regardless of biopsy location, thus this area should be evaluated carefully by pathologists. The results also suggest that the HLD values of the quadrate lobe may measure smaller than those in the other lobes. Therefore, one would be able to obtain representative data of the entire liver by taking a sample from any single lobe except for the quadrate lobe. HLD measurements are needed in order to accumulate potentially useful information on the microanatomy and pathophysiology of the liver.

著者

Yui KOBAYASHI Tatsuro NAKAMURA Koji KOBAYASHI Takahisa MURATA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0238, (Released:2020-06-05)

被引用文献数

5

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids including arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are converted to lipid mediators by oxidation. Unlike other mammals, cats cannot synthesize AA. Since their lipid metabolic features remain unknown, we qualitatively analyzed 118 types of urinary lipid metabolites in healthy neutered cats. Using LC-MS, we found 26 lipid metabolites in urines of all individuals. In detail, 20 AA-, 5 EPA- and 1 DHA-derived lipid mediators were detected. Focusing on oxidative pathway, 17 cyclooxygenase-metabolites and 5 metabolites produced by non-enzymatic pathway were detected. Of interest, few lipoxygenase- or cytochrome P450-metabolites were excreted. Thus, AA-derived cyclooxygenase-metabolites mainly composed the urinary lipid metabolites in cats.