著者

星 秀夫 佐々木 稔

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.103-107, 2005-01-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

2 4

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供試材である日本刀の三振りを切断し多くの項目について調査した結果,炭素以外の諸元素が極めて少ない高純度の炭素鋼であることが鍛接性を良くし耐食性を高め,また刀身全表面に圧縮残留応力をもたせることが日本刀の靱性をさらに強化すること等が確認できたことである.

著者

Jun Kariya Junichi Ryu Yukitaka Kato

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

ISIJ International (ISSN:09151559)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.457-463, 2015-02-15 (Released:2015-02-20)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 24

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New composite materials were developed for application in chemical heat storage (CHS) systems based on the calcium oxide/water/calcium hydroxide (CaO/H2O/Ca(OH)2) reaction. It was found that the mixtures of expanded graphite (EG) and Ca(OH)2 enhance the reaction performance and moldability, which are important factors for the application in a packed-bed CHS heat exchanger. The reaction kinetics was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The maximum mean heat output of a mixture containing 11 wt% EG was 1.76 kW (kg-material)−1, which is twice as high as that of the pure Ca(OH)2 (0.85 kW (kg-material)−1). A repetitive dehydration-hydration experiment was carried out and it was confirmed that the positive effect of EG was preserved during the investigated 10 cycles. Therefore, based on our results, these composite materials can enhance the thermal performance of the CaO/H2O/Ca(OH)2 reaction cycle in CHS systems.

著者

黒岩 大助

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.7, pp.916-925, 1976-06-01 (Released:2010-02-22)

被引用文献数

1

著者

Masao OGASAWARA Toshitaka TAMANO Hiroshi MIMURA Samon YANAGIMOTO Yukihisa KURIYAMA

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

Tetsu-to-Hagane (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.7, pp.947-957, 1978-06-01 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 1

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A laboratory test for unstable ductile fracture of mild steels was developed. Shear crack was initiated from very deep notch. Some devices such as “pipe tabs” were employed to reduce the stiffness of the system enough to make shear crack continue to grow in an unstable manner.Four kinds of pipe materials were tested using the present test method and three kinds of them with low ductility showed unstable ductile fracture. Fracture toughness for the onset of unstable ductile fracture in these steels was evaluated and was correlated successfully to Cvshelf, upper shelf of absorbed energy in Charpy test.Slow crack growth test was also performed by means of high stiffness tensile system, “R-cruve” to ductile crack growth being obtained experimentally. A model to ductile crack growth was proposed by the use of the modification of Dugdale model, by which R-curves were finely described. Critical G-values for the onset of the unstable ductile crack propagation were shown to be well compared to the values estimated from the R-curves.Thus, both the ductile slow growth and its rapid propagation are shown to be well characterised by the values of notch ductility.

著者

Cho Hyun-Jin Jung Sung-Hoon Kim Sang-Joon Lee Hae-Geon Kang Youn-Bae

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

ISIJ International (ISSN:09151559)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.11, pp.2559-2568, 2014

被引用文献数

4

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Decarburization of Fe–C droplet was investigated by fluid dynamics numerical simulation based on physical properties under gas phase mass transfer controlled regime. Fluid flow and species concentration fields around the droplet implementing a reaction of carbon with oxidant gas at the interface were calculated by a commercial CFD package which solves a set of transport equations. Overall decarburization rate of the molten Fe–C droplet was obtained by the simulation, and it was additionally validated by the present authors' own experiment using gas-liquid drop reaction in a levitation melting equipment. It was observed by the simulation that decarburization rate on the surface of a droplet was not homogeneous due to inhomogeneous gas distribution around the droplet. A new concept of local mass transfer coefficient ratio was proposed in the present study as a ratio of <i>effective</i> local mass transfer coefficient at a specific site over average mass transfer coefficient, as a function of <i>θ</i> (angle between direction of gas flow and direction to reaction site on the droplet surface from the droplet center) and dimensionless numbers regarding fluid flow:<br><img align="middle" src="./Graphics/abst-54_2559_eq_1.jpg"><br>Furthermore, effect of distance between two droplets was investigated by the present numerical model for decarburization of multiple droplets. The local mass transfer coefficient was found to have a significant impact on decarburization rate of a droplet when the other droplet locates very close. Relation between decarburization rate of two droplets and distance between them were analyzed.

著者

Nakajima Kenichi Nansai Keisuke Matsubae Kazuyo Nagasaka Tetsuya

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

ISIJ International (ISSN:09151559)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.11, pp.2657-2662, 2014

被引用文献数

8

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Recently, sustainable management of resources has become an increasingly recognized issue. Accordingly, interest in understanding the relationship between natural resources consumption and the global product supply chain has also been increasing. Material flow analysis (MFA) is a useful tool for understanding resource consumption and material cycles in national economies. However, detailed MFA studies of the materials embedded in foreign trade flows are rare.<br>This study identified global trade flow of iron embedded in bilateral trade between 231 countries by multiplying the trade volume of the commodities in the BACI (Base pour l'Analyse du Commerce International) database and the iron content of each commodity. We focused on the cases of Japan, China, and United States, and estimated the mass of iron embedded in imports and export. The identified total flows of iron embedded in international trade were 1.15 × 10⁹ t-Fe with 35.2% of the flows concentrated in three countries, Japan, China and United States, which are major crude steel production countries.

著者

Hiroshi G. KATAYAMA Ting TSAO Naoshi MATSUSHIMA

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan (ISSN:00211583)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.186-191, 1988 (Released:2006-09-08)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

4 3 10

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Experiments were done on the distribution of each element between liquid Fe-Cr alloys and CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 slags having the compositions near the CaO-Al2O3 binary system in a magnesia crucible at temperatures of 1575, 1600 and 1650°C. The distribution ratios of chromium and sulphur, the oxygen content of liquid alloy and the activity coefficient of CrO in slag were expressed as functions of temperature and compositions of liquid alloy and slag. The major equations derived are as follows. log (wt%O)=0.413 log NCrO+0.0065 [wt%Cr] -0.091 ∑Ki•Ni-13044/T+5.574 log (wt%Cr)/[wt%Cr]=2.04 log [wt%O] -0.048 [wt%Cr]+0.292 ∑Ki•Ni+26 805/T-10.487 log γCrO=-0.561 log NCrO-0.096∑Ki•Ni -3044/T+1.528 log (wt%S)/[wt%S]=-0.47 log NCrO+0.0087 [wt%Cr] +2.835 ∑Ki•Ni+6902/T-4.28 where, ∑Ki•Ni=NCaO+0.1NMgO-0.8NAl2O3-NSiO2

著者

Yasunori NISHIKAWA Sogo SAYAMA Yoshinobu UEDA Yoshikazu SUZUKI

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan (ISSN:00211583)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.8, pp.639-645, 1983 (Released:2006-09-08)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 1

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The effect of K2O, Na2O and CaO on the reduction behavior of Fe2O3 was investigated. Platelets of Fe2O3 single crystals were prepared by the flux method. The size of the crystals was approx. 3mm in width and 0.3mm in thickness. For the reaction of Fe2O3 with K2O, Na2O, and CaO, small amounts of each carbonate powder were placed on the flat plane (0001) of Fe2O3 and heated at 1100-1300°C in the air. It was confirmed by EPMA that the reaction products with those substances were formed on some parts of the Fe2O3 crystal. The crystals were reduced at 750°C in CO and H2 streams, and the surface structures were observed by SEM.The results obtained were as follows. When alkaline metals (as Na2O, K2O) were present in Fe2O3, the abnormal swelling took place during the reduction. It was considered that the swelling was caused by (1) the cracking of the crystal at the early stage of the reduction, (2) the fibrous iron formation and (3) the carbon deposition on the reduced iron. The fibrous iron formation was also observed in the grain boundary of calcium ferrite. The reduction with a glassy slag (SiO2-Al2O2-CaO) was also investigated and no swelling phenomenon was shown.

著者

薛 佑佳 福島 康裕

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.3, pp.129-137, 2010

被引用文献数

3

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To strategically discuss how steel should be produced, used and recycled, understanding of current and future flow and stock of steel is of high importance. Because steel is used in the society for many years, records in the relevant industries including import and export from the past years are crucial as well as the current up-to-date statistics when illustrating flow and stock of steel in a year. Following the pioneering national flow and stock figures developed in Japan, this paper presents Taiwanese 2006 and 2007 versions of illustration of iron and steel flow, stock, and recycling, as well as list of data sources, estimation method for missing data, prediction method for the future flow and stock and recommendation for future refinement. The methodologies were modified basing on the Japanese method, due to differences in data availability, collection methods and social background of the data. Using a bottom-up approach, stock and obsolete scrap flows are estimated for three major household appliances, <i>i.e.</i> washing machine, refrigerator, and air conditioner. From comparison of the 2006 and 2007 versions, increasing importance of scrap materials in Taiwanese crude steel production and increase of importance of external market can be seen. Increasing the number of steel products covered by bottom up approach and its combination with top-down approach is recommended, as well as the refinement of assumptions from accumulating recorded data to increase completeness of the future versions.