著者

高本 拓

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, no.8_9, pp.500-510, 2012-08-25 (Released:2013-09-18)

参考文献数

15

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Indonesia produced 306 Mt of salable coal in 2010 almost 100% by surface mining. Rapid increase in production by surface mining, however, has brought strong concerns of sustainable supply ability of coal with current quality level in future. Thus, development of underground mining has been recognized to be important by the government and the coal industry in Indonesia.Since 1980’s until 1995, only 3 underground mines had been operated, and currently, there are only two operating underground coal mines with small scale. However, several underground projects with fully mechanized mining system have recently started pre development work, such as exploration, feasibility study and so on. The author expects that development of underground mines with bigger production scale would become active within a few years.On the other hand, the underground mining condition in Indonesia is more difficult than it in other countries. This paper describes the history and outlook of underground coal mining in Indonesia from technical points of view, and then discusses the technical problems for future development of underground mining in Indonesia.

著者

高柳 悟 阿部 信二

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.12, pp.719-722, 2007-12-25 (Released:2010-12-17)

被引用文献数

1

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The Hosokura Metal and Mining Co., Ltd. produces electrolytic lead (99.99% purity) and bismuth, antimony trioxide, crude silver etc. from recycled lead-acid batteries and various types of lead-bearing industrial intermediates. Mining and smelting of lead, zinc and silver bearing ores from the original Hosokura Mine began over 1,200 years ago, but was terminated with the closure of the mine in 1987 and, since then, the production of recycled lead and the treatment of mine wastewater have been continued. The current company was reorganized in March, 2006. Although the capacity for monthly lead production based on a blast-furnace operation followed by electro-refining is around 2,000 t /month, a serious shortage of recycled batteries triggered technology development to accept lead dross and lead residue etc.also as low grade raw material in the summer of 2005. Another main operation of this company is the treatment of mine wastewater, 15 t /min on average, from the closed mine and the effluents from lead plants to meet the water quality standard against toxic elements including lead. Overcoming the lead-leakage problem at this plant in May, 2002, the thoroughly renewed and strengthened water-treating system with a big deep bed filtration facility at the final stage enables us to contribute to the environment improvement of this area and rebuild the tight, friendly correlation with the surroundings. Both the plants are operating under the company policies of environmental conservation, compliance and community involvement.

著者

森田 進 大塚 武夫 前田 治

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.12, pp.707-710, 2007-12-25 (Released:2010-12-17)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Japan New Metals (JNM) was established in 1963, as a joint venture between Mitsubishi Materials and Awamura Mining, and has consistently produced tungsten, tungsten carbide and molybdenum powder from raw materials. Based on the nonferrous manufacturing technologies, we have produced high purity tungsten powder, heteropolyacids and several non-oxide ceramics powders. These are used for electronics devises, hard components and chemicals. In order to avoid the risk related to the supply of tungsten raw materials greatly dependent on China, JNM started a recycling business since 2002. Tungsten is recovered from cemented carbide scraps by the chemical process in the Akita plant.

著者

矢岡 隆 西嶋 章

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.12, pp.657-660, 2007-12-25 (Released:2010-12-17)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

---

Hikoshima Smelting Co., Ltd. is located at the western end of Honsyu. The plant switched from a horizontal retort process to an electrolytic zinc process in 1970. Hikoshima Co., Ltd. had made various improvements to reduce the operating costs about roasting, leaching, purification, electrolysis, casting, labor-saving and so on. In addition, the annual capacity extended from 55,000 tons to 74,000 tons during several expansion stages.Main products are zinc alloys for hot galvanizing and zinc anodes for plating.This paper describes these recent improvements and operations.

著者

松本 良

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.7, pp.511-520, 1992

被引用文献数

2

著者

島田 荘平

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

資源と素材 : 資源・素材学会誌 : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.12, pp.923-930, 2001-12-25

被引用文献数

4 6

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There are many types of geological formations used for CO₂ sequestration. Coal seam is one of them. The characteristics of the coal seam used for CO₂ sequestration are the methane recovery when CO₂ is sequestrated. CO₂ is injected into coal seam not only for the CO₂ sequestration but also for CH₄ recovery (ECBMR).<BR>This paper reports the sequestration mechanism of CO₂ in the coal seam and the world R&D status in this field.<BR>The adsorption is a main sequestration mechanism of CO₂ in the coal seam. In the field scale sequestration, pressure of CO₂ is super-critical. The adsorption volume of CO₂ in coal in that condition is not yet clarified. This adsorption volume is very important for the prediction of sequestrable CO₂ volume.<BR>The present activities on this subject in the United States, Canada, Australia, Netherlands and Japan were reported. For the further studies, the international cooperative R&Ds are necessary. Items for the further R&Ds are summarized.

著者

加藤 與五郎 武井 武

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本鉱業会誌 (ISSN:03694194)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.539, pp.167-176, 1930

著者

三宅 裕

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.124, no.9, pp.554-561, 2008-09-25

被引用文献数

1

---

The exploitation of copper in Ancient Western Asia has a long history. Already in the Neolithic period malachite was used as raw material for bead and pigment, and then native copper was shaped into small objects by hammering and annealing. Based on the evidence from copper objects and workshops found in Iran and Anatolia, smelting and casting were carried out in the 5<SUP>th</SUP> millennium B.C. In the early copper production it is likely that the oxide ores such as malachite were used as raw material which was smelted in the crucible set on the shallow pit furnace with the aid of blow pipes. The advent of alloy in the late 4<SUP>th</SUP> millennium B.C., another significant development in early metallurgy, might make casting easier and more successful. The first copper alloy was arsenical copper which continued to produce until the end of the Middle Bronze Age along with bronze, an alloy of copper and tin. By the second half of the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> millennium the copper production in the vicinity of the sources became prevailing. The Late Bronze Age shipwrecks in the Mediterranean provide good evidence for the long distance trade of copper and tin in the shape of ingot.

著者

黒川 晴正 家守 伸正

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

資源と素材 : 資源・素材学会誌 : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.119, no.2, pp.55-60, 2003-02-25

被引用文献数

1 3

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Oxygen probes were applied to a PS converter in copper-making operation, and the oxygen pressures of white metal and blister copper in the converter were measured through the converter's mouth and through a tuyere, respectively. Based on the obtained results, the following reaction mechanism has been deduced.<BR>(1) The copper-making stage of a PS converter may be classified into three stages, i.e. the early substage where the tuyeres are completely in white metal, the intermediate substage where both phases of white metal and blister copper coexist in the converter and the tuyeres are in the blister copper, and the final substage where the white metal has disappeared from the converter.<BR>(2) In the early stage, direct oxidation of white metal by oxygen gas contained in the reaction air progresses in the vicinity of the tuyeres.<BR>Cu₂S(<i>l</i>) + O₂(<i>g</i>) = 2Cu(<i>l</i>) + SO₂(<i>g</i>) …………… (1)<BR>(3) In the intermediate substage, the following three reactions proceed near the tuyeres, at the interface of blister copper and white metal phases, and in the bulk of the blister copper, respectively.<BR>O₂(<i>g</i>) = 2<u>O</u>(<i>l</i>) …………… (2)<BR>Cu₂S(<i>l</i>) = 2Cu(<i>l</i>) + <u>S</u>(<i>l</i>) …………… (3)<BR><u>S</u>(<i>l</i>) + 2<u>O</u>(<i>l</i>) = SO₂(<i>g</i>) …………… (4)<BR>Here the most important factor is that reaction(4) progresses under the condition of <i>P</i>_SO₂=1atm. It is not dependent on how high the SO₂ pressure of the waste gas from the converter is. Because the condense phases, i.e. the white metal and blister copper phases, are not in equilibrium with the gas phase.<BR>(4) In the final substage, reactions(2) and (4) only proceed because the white metal is no longer in the converter. Some of the blister copper can be excessively oxidized to the extent that Cu₂O(<i>s</i>) is formed according to equation(5). However the final degree of oxidation of the whole blister copper does not reach this level.<BR>2Cu(<i>l</i>) + 1 / 2 O₂(<i>g</i>) = Cu₂O(<i>s</i>) …………… (5)

著者

古賀 誠 島田 英樹 松井 紀久男

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

資源と素材 : 資源・素材学会誌 : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.1, pp.29-35, 2002-01-25

被引用文献数

4 7

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A bleeding examination and a flow characteristic examination of grout materials were performed to understand the fundamental characteristic of grout materials. Moreover, an injection experiment of grout materials which used a decomposed granite was conducted to understand the applicability of the analysis technique which introduced filtration theory. The results are as follows:<BR>1) When cement water ratio is large, a bleeding speed becomes slow, but the bleeding ratio becomes small.<BR>2) Plastic viscosity and yield stress become large with increase of cement water ratio. Particularly, plastic viscosity change greatly on <i>C</i> / <i>W</i> = 1 / 1.6. And as compared with yield stress, it is larger about influence on the discharge.<BR>3) Where a cement water ratio does not exceed <i>C</i> / <i>W</i> = 1 / 5, the clogging of the voids was done by a suspension custody. And where <i>C</i> / <i>W</i> = 1 / 3.5, that was done by a surface filter layer.<BR>4) The plastic viscosity measured using Brookfield viscometer is a result when some cement particles aggregate, and shows big value as compared with the theoretical relative viscosity.<BR>5) The result of injection analysis using the theoretical relative viscosity assumed that the cement particle is distributing completely is well as an experiment result in agreement. In the grout materials which flow the inside of the voids, it cleared that plastic viscosity follows the theoretical relative viscosity which the cement particles distributed.

著者

藤田 豊久 佐野 葉奈 武藤 一 柴山 敦 宮崎 敏夫 井上 千弘

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

資源と素材 : 資源・素材学会誌 : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.1, pp.43-48, 2001-01-25

被引用文献数

1

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Bactrerium inhabiting in Amarume crude oil of Yamagata prefecture was identified as <i>Pseudomonas mendocina</i>. In the first step, biodegradation experiments were conducted by using the bacteria of 0.510⁶ cells / ml and 300 ppm of chlorobenzene in aqueous solution under aeration and irradiation. After 6 hours, chlorobenzene was perfectly decomposed. Next, the mixtures of synthesized polychlorinated dibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were degraded with the bacteria of 0.510⁸ cells / ml, where the initial total concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs were 1,400 ppm and 180 μg-TEQ / ml. After 24 hours, about 70 % of PCDDs and 60 % of PCDFs were biodegraded. The biodegradation rates of PCDD / Fs were much faster than those reported in literatures with other bacteria.<br>

著者

井上 誠 岩井 正雄 鎌土 重晴 小島 陽 井藤 忠男 菅間 光雄

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

資源と素材 : 資源・素材学会誌 : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.115, no.3, pp.189-194, 1999-03-25

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 2

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A newly recycling process for video camera components of AZ 91 D magnesium alloy used for professional market was developed by melting and casting processes in order to satisfy the JIS specifications for recycled AZ 91 D magnesium alloy ingot. Various quantities of Mn were added to the melt in order to avoid contamination by impurities such as Fe, Ni and Cr from paints. Composition analysis and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the recycled ingots were also examined. Recovery ratio of the recycled ingots is in the range of 60 % to 75 %. Chemical composition and tensile properties of the recycled ingot with Mn addition of more than 0.23 % is satisfied by JIS specification except for Cu content. Tensile strength and 0.2 % proof stress of the recycled ingots increase with increasing Mn content. The recycled specimens with Mn addition of more than 0.23 % almost exhibit the same level of corrosion resistance as the virgin ingot of AZ 91 D magnesium alloy.

著者

国吉 実 村上 次雄 溝田 忠人

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

資源と素材 : 資源・素材学会誌 : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.7, pp.511-516, 2002-07-25

被引用文献数

2

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Sodium bicarbonate easily forms cakes during the storage and / or transport process after production, due to the influence of conditions such as humidity, temperature, compaction etc. Caking causes serious degradation of the material in the commercial value. To overcome the problem, the caking mechanism must be clarified first, and thereafter the effective treatment should be considered to avoid caking. Weak caking strength of sodium bicarbonate powder at the initial stage of caking was measured and evaluated in relation to amounts of various components and physical properties of the powder. Caking under the high humidity (RH80%) of sodium bicarbonate found to occur due to the bridging among particles during the process of changing of sodium carbonate to sodium sesquicarbonate. The caking under the conditions of low humidity (RH40%) and high temperature (40 ∼ 50 °C) however owes bridging accompanied by the change from sodium carbonate to Wegscheider's salt. Caking strengths measured for sodium bicarbonate samples with various particle sizes were correlated with contacting numbers among particles. The caking strength, <i>B_L</i>, was found to be expressed with the equation: <i>B_L</i> = <i>k</i>·<i>Sc</i>·<i>F</i>, where <i>Sc</i> is the contact area per unit surface area of sodium bicarbonate particles, and <i>F</i> is the formation quantity per the unit surface area, of the double salts such as sodium sesquicarbonate and Wegscheider's salt. We have found finally an effective method to avoid caking through the process of analyzing the caking mechanism of sodium bicarbonate.

著者

朴 洗憲 山崎 哲生 島田 荘平 山本 恭久

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

資源と素材 : 資源・素材学会誌 : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.10, pp.641-649, 2002-11-25

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

3 3

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Cobalt-rich manganese crusts on seamounts and manganese nodules on deep ocean floor have both been received attention as future resources for Co, Ni, Cu, and Mn. Lack of information on cobalt-rich manganese crusts has precluded comparisons between the two sources in terms of their technical and economical advantages. In the past 15 years, Japan has surveyed the cobalt-rich manganese crusts; therefore, it seems the proper time to compare the two. In this paper, we consider distribution features and R&D results to develop a method for examining and comparing the economical potentials of manganese nodule and cobalt-rich manganese crust mining. Through the preliminary evaluation of the two, the effectiveness of the method is confirmed. <BR>Cobalt-rich manganese crust development seems a risky but high return venture because of its high sensitivity to cobalt prices. Manganese nodule development, on the other hand, is considered to be a stable and good for a long-term venture. One of the application fields will be the selection of suitable metallurgical processing. A lower substrate ratio in excavated ore is clearly required for the economy of the crust development. In order to improve the evaluation, detailed technical information for the recovery efficiencies in the subsystems and units is necessary.

著者

中野 正則

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

資源と素材 : 資源・素材学会誌 : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.115, no.7, pp.498-504, 1999-07-25

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IBUKI Limestone Quarry started operation from 1952. In order to obtain limestone ore resources, the exploitation plot plan for the upper lever was first considered in early 1970's. This area is adjacent to the natural park and natural monument area where high mountain plants are growing in groups. Prior to making the plot plan, the exploitation concept was discussed with experts and local communities and determined with regard to the natural environment. According to this concept, the excavating system including restoration on the planting and transporting system of limestone ore were developed. In order to verify restoration by planting and also to confirm the coexistence with mining work, the planting work had been performed since 1971 at the already excavated area below 1,000 meter level. On the other hand, the facilities for ore transportation were installed underground so that it cannot affect the existing landscape. Although rock had enough strength, strength of rock mass was not high due to considerable cracks observed. When the vertical ore shaft was constructed in the cracked rock, the diameter of the shaft was designed as a small scale and the walls were reinforced with concrete and steel ringing. To avoid choking in the shaft, the rock size supplied to the shaft is made under 300 mm using a mobile crushing plant. The operations in the upper limestone quarry was started in 1978, then the restoration planting at the upper limestone quarry was started in 1979. At the beginning of operation, there are many unexpected troubles in operations. This paper describes a design of exploitation which agreed with the concept, countermeasure for the troubles in operations, additional construction work to improve the environment against dust emission and the restored results in the excavated area.

著者

作田 庸一 嶋影 和宜

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

資源と素材 : 資源・素材学会誌 : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.2, pp.71-77, 2004-02-25

被引用文献数

1 2

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A large amount of marine organic residue is generated and wasted from scallop shell processing manufacture. Because the waste product of scallop, especially the mid-gut gland contains a large quantity of heavy metals such as cadmium and copper, it cannot be effectively used. Now, a large part of these wastes are treated in landfills. However, in recent, the landfill treatment runs into trouble because of an environmental pollution and a decrease in proposed landfill ground. Consequently, the development of a new treatment method of the scallop waste is really required. In order to recycle the organic residue of scallop mid-gut gland, a new technology has been developed for removing the harmful cadmium and using as fish meal and fertilizer.<BR>This treatment consists of a cadmium leaching process from the mid-gut gland in a sulfuric acid solution and a cadmium electro-deposition process. This new treatment technology corresponding to hydrometallurgical process can remove more than 95% of cadmium from the mid-gut gland. At first, influences of various factors on cadmium removal efficiency such as acid concentration, electrolytic voltage, anode materials and so on, were examined to decide the most suitable conditions of an electrochemical treatment method by using a small scale plant test.<BR>And secondarily, a demonstration plant to enable one batch treatment of about 100kg/day was designed on the basis of the results of a fundamental experiment, and a prototype plant was built. Finally, a demonstration test was conducted.<BR>The dried and crushed wastes products of scallop after the removal of cadmium were reused as a feed and fertilizer materials, and in the year 2000, two recycle plants of the scallop waste on the basis of this development research were constructed at Oshamanbe-cho and Sawara-cho in Hokkaido, and now under operating.

著者

笹木 圭子 小林 弘幸 恒川 昌美

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

資源と素材 : 資源・素材学会誌 : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.9, pp.747-752, 2001-09-25

被引用文献数

4

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Aragonite-type of light calcium carbonate was synthesized by the successive reaction using calcined-hydrous scallop shells and calcined lime stones in the aqueous system with Mg²⁺ ions under the CO₂ bubbling. In order to obtain the high aspect ratios of aragonite, the reaction temperature and concentrations of Ca²⁺ ions in the 2nd step were important. The aspect ratio of aragonite increased when the reaction temperature was higher in the 2nd step than in the 1st step of the successive reaction. When the smaller amounts of calcium source were added in the 2nd step than in the 1st step, and the reaction temperature was lower in the 2nd step than in the 1st step, large particles of aragonite were produced with no smooth surfaces. The successive reaction was useful to extend the variety of morphologies in aragonite.

著者

笹木 圭子 本郷 大 恒川 昌美

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

資源と素材 : 資源・素材学会誌 : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.114, no.10, pp.709-713, 1998-09-25

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Aragonite-type calcium carbonate was synthesized from calcined scallop shell using carbonates of orthorohombic structure (such as SrCO3) as seeds, by bubbling CO2 at ambient temperature. The products were examined by FTIR, SEM, EPMA, and XRD. The addition of SrCO3 increased aragonite content in the products, but BaCO3 and PbCO3 did not play the role of seed crystals due to the difference of their lattice parameters to those of aragonite, whereas lattice parameters of SrCO3 are the most similar to them. With increasing SrCO3 -addition, formation of aragonite was accelerated to a limit in the amount. Light calcium carbonate rich in aragonite was formed in agglegates consisting of needle-like crystals with large specific surface areas.

著者

高階 浩二 中尾山 利行

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.12, pp.751-753, 2007-12-25 (Released:2010-12-17)

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The Ikuno tin smelter has started its operation in 1913, followed by tin refinery in 1916. Originally, the reverberatory furnace had been used for smelting, but later it was replaced by the present electric furnace in order to improve productivity and increase tin recovery. The refinery was relocated from Ikuno to Osaka in 1920, and then again relocated to Naoshima in 1960.The present refinery in Ikuno has started operation in 1991. After Akenobe mine was closed in 1987 due to low tin price and its poor mining condition, domestic secondary materials from the market has been purchased and treated. At present, Ikuno plant is the only producer of electro-refining tin in Japan and 65t/month of electric-tin has been produced.

著者

西須 佳宏 小林 幹男 竹内 理

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

資源と素材 : 資源・素材学会誌 : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.119, no.9, pp.573-578, 2003-09-25

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The effect of regents concentrations for recovery and shape of precipitate on the liquid-phase synthesis of precursor particles of Y₂O₃ : Eu phosphor was studied. The amount of precipitant generated by hydrolysis of urea was remarkably changed by reaction temperature and initial concentration of urea. Therefore, the reaction rate of the precipitation reaction was controlled by reaction temperature and initial urea concentration. The recovery of precipitate was increased from < 10% to > 99% with the increase in urea concentration from 10 × 10^-3 to 30 × 10^-2 mol/dm³ in the synthesis at 92°C for 1 hour, when initial concentration of rare-earth ion was 10 mmol/dm³. On the other hand, the particle size was decreased with increase in urea concentration. The shape of particles was changed from uniform sphere to irregular aggregate with increase in initial concentration of rare-earth ion under the lower urea concentration condition. However, mono-dispersed spherical particles were formed even in that case, when the ratio of rare earth for the urea was higher. Though non-aggregated particles were amorphous basic carbonate; (Y, Eu)OHCO₃, the carbonate was crystallized in the aggregated particles. By the calcination at above about 600°C, both compositions converted to the oxide; (Y, Eu)₂O₃, but original shapes of precipitate particles were retained after that. Therefore, mono-dispersed spherical Y₂O₃ : Eu phosphor particles could be obtained from morphologically identical precursors. These results indicate the range of initial reagents concentrations in which mono-dispersed spherical Y₂O₃ : Eu phosphor is prepared.