著者

岸本 桂子 福島 紀子

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.5, pp.685-695, 2011-05-01 (Released:2011-05-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

10 11

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In this study, we investigated the status of researching drug information online, and the type of Internet user who uses anonymous Web communities and websites. A Web-based cross-sectional survey of 10875 male and female Internet users aged 16 and over was conducted in March 2010. Of 10282 analyzed respondents, excluding medical professionals, about 47% reported that they had previously searched the Internet for drug information and had used online resources ranging from drug information search engines and pharmaceutical industry websites to social networking sites and Twitter. Respondents who had researched drug information online (n=4861) were analyzed by two multivariable logistic regressions. In Model 1, the use of anonymous websites associated with age (OR, 0.778; 95% CI, 0.742-0.816), referring to the reputation and the narrative of other Internet users on shopping (OR, 1.640; 95% CI, 1.450-1.855), taking a prescription drug (OR, 0.806; 95% CI, 0.705-0.922), and frequent consulting with non-professionals about medical care and health (OR, 1.613; 95% CI, 1.396-1.865). In Model 2, use of only anonymous websites was associated with age (OR, 0.753; 95% CI, 0.705-0.805), using the Internet daily (OR, 0.611; 95% CI, 0.462-0.808), taking a prescription drug (OR, 0.614; 95% CI, 0.505-0.747), and experience a side effect (OR, 0.526; 95% CI, 0.421-0.658). The analysis revealed the profiles of Internet users who researched drug information on social media sites where the information providers are anonymous and do not necessarily have adequate knowledge of medicine and online information literacy.

著者

Atsuyuki Inoue Noriko Kodama Hiroaki Nanba

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.4, pp.536-540, 2002 (Released:2002-07-10)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

69 93

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We have already reported that the D-Fraction, a β-glucan extracted from the fruiting body of the maitake mushroom (Grifola frondosa), activates cellular immunity and expresses anti-tumor effects. In this study we investigated the anti-tumor functions of D-Fraction in relation to its control of the balance between T lymphocyte subsets Th-1 and Th-2. D-Fraction decreased the activation of B cells and potentiated the activation of helper T cells, resulting in enhanced cellular immunity. It also induced the production of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-12 p70, and IL-18 by whole spleen cells and lymph node cells, but suppressed that of IL-4. These results suggest that D-Fraction establishes Th-1 dominance which induces cellular immunity in the population that was Th-2 dominant due to carcinoma.

著者

Qun Zhang Tsugunobu Andoh Mitsuhiro Konno Jung-Bum Lee Masao Hattori Yasushi Kuraishi

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.5, pp.909-911, 2010-05-01 (Released:2010-05-01)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

6 10

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In this study, the antipruritic effect of the methanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (MEGL) was studied in mice. Oral administration of MEGL (10—1000 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of scratching, an itch-related response, induced by intradermal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (100 nmol/site), α-methyl-5-HT (100 nmol/site), and proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2)-activating peptide SLIGRL-NH2 (50 nmol/site). However, MEGL (100—1000 mg/kg) did not inhibit the scratching induced by histamine (100 nmol/site), substance P (100 nmol/site), and compound 48/80 (10 μg/site). These results raise the possibility that MEGL is effective against pruritus mediated by proteinases and 5-HT and that primary afferents expressing PAR2 and 5-HT2A receptors are the sites of its action.

著者

Muneo Tsukiyama Tatsuhiro Akaishi Takuro Ueki Hidenobu Okumura Kazuho Abe

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.11, pp.2063-2068, 2007-11-01 (Released:2007-11-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 9

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Although the fruit of Nandina domestica THUNBERG (ND) has been used to treat respiratory disorders such as coughing and breathing difficulty in Japan for many years, very little is known about mechanisms underlying its action. In the present study, we investigated effects of the crude extract from ND (NDE) and one of its constituents, nantenine, on contractile responses in isolated guinea pig tracheal ring preparations. In normal experimental condition, guinea pig trachea remained tonically contracted during the resting state, and addition of NDE (1 mg/ml) caused a relaxation of tracheal smooth muscles, but had little effect on the responsiveness of trachea to acetylcholine. The basal, tonic contraction was abolished by the presence of atropine and indomethacin. In this condition, NDE at 0.1—1 mg/ml inhibited histamine-induced contraction in both competitive and non-competitive manners. NDE at 0.01—1 mg/ml inhibited serotonin-induced contraction in a competitive manner. Nantenine (2—20 μM) did not affect histamine-induced contraction, and slightly inhibited serotonin-induced contraction. These results suggest that NDE has inhibitory effects on tracheal smooth muscle contraction, and nantenine cannot account solely for this effect of NDE.

著者

Marina Isshiki Kazuo Umezawa Hiroomi Tamura

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.10, pp.1624-1627, 2011-10-01 (Released:2011-10-01)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

13 15

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Coffee is a beverage that is consumed world-wide on a daily basis and is known to induce a series of metabolic and pharmacological effects, especially in the digestive tract. However, little is known concerning the effects of coffee on transporters in the gastrointestinal tract. To elucidate the effect of coffee on intestinal transporters, we investigated its effect on expression of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in a human colorectal cancer cell line, Caco-2. Coffee induced BCRP gene expression in Caco-2 cells in a coffee-dose dependent manner. Coffee treatment of Caco-2 cells also increased the level of BCRP protein, which corresponded to induction of gene expression, and also increased cellular efflux activity, as judged by Hoechst33342 accumulation. None of the major constituents of coffee tested could induce BCRP gene expression. The constituent of coffee that mediated this induction was extractable with ethyl acetate and was produced during the roasting process. Dehydromethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), an inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, inhibited coffee-mediated induction of BCRP gene expression, suggesting involvement of NF-κB in this induction. Our data suggest that daily consumption of coffee might induce BCRP expression in the gastrointestinal tract and may affect the bioavailability of BCRP substrates.

著者

Chih-Yang Chiu Chia-Ying Li Chao-Chen Chiu Masatake Niwa Susumu Kitanaka Amooru Gangaiah Damu E-Jian Lee Tian-Shung Wu

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.9, pp.1118-1121, 2005 (Released:2005-09-01)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

11 20

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Three new flavonoid derivatives, 6′′′-O-acetyl amurensin (1), 6′′′-O-acetyl phellamurin (3) and (2R)-phellodensin-F (5), together with thirty known compounds have been isolated from the leaves of Phellodendron japonicum MAXIM. Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 2D NMR and Mass spectra. The known compounds were identified by comparison with published physical and spectral data. The isolated compounds were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activity through DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. Compounds quercetin and phellodenin-A demonstrated significant radical scavenging activity.

著者

Masayuki Nadai Miki Kato Kazumasa Yasui Masao Kimura Ying Lan Zhao Jun Ueyama Yoshimi Tsunekawa Hideo Yoshizumi Takaaki Hasegawab

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.562-568, 2007 (Released:2007-03-01)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

1 2 3

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There is an interesting clinical report indicating that aciclovir, which is mainly excreted into urine, decreases the systemic clearance of theophylline by inhibiting cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2-mediated metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effect of aciclovir on the metabolism of theophylline, and on the activity and expression of hepatic CYP1A2 in rats. Theophylline (10 mg/kg) was injected intravenously into rats treated with two different dosages of aciclovir. When theophylline was simultaneously administered with aciclovir (50 mg/kg), the systemic clearance of theophylline and metabolic clearance of its major metabolites, 1-methyluric acid and 1,3-dimethyluric acid, were unchanged. In place of theophylline, when 1-methyl-3-propylxanthine (2.5 mg/kg), which is almost metabolized by CYP1A2 in rats, was coadministered intravenously with aciclovir (50 mg/kg), the pharmacokinetics of 1-methyl-3-propylxanthine was also unchanged. When theophylline was administered to rats pretreated with repeated intraperitoneal injections of aciclovir (25 mg/kg twice daily for 3 d), no significant differences in the systemic clearance of theophylline and its metabolic clearance to 1-methyluric acid and 1,3-dimethyluric acid were observed between the control and aciclovir-treated rats. This dosage of aciclovir did not change the activity of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation, which is represented as CYP1A2 activity. In Western blot analysis, no significant change in the protein levels of hepatic CYP1A2 was observed between the control and aciclovir-treated rats. The present study suggests that aciclovir has no effect on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of theophylline and on the activity and expression of hepatic CYP1A2 in rats.

著者

Xiaoyan Sun Xiaobing Fu Weidong Han Yali Zhao Huiling Liu Zhiyong Sheng

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.7, pp.1037-1045, 2011-07-01 (Released:2011-07-01)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

18 28

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Reprogramming differentiated cells toward stem cells may have long-term applications in stem-cell research and regenerative medicine. Here we report on the dedifferentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes into their precursor cells in vitro with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) but not external gene intervention. After incubation of human terminally differentiating keratinocytes, some of the surviving keratinocytes reverted from a differentiated to a dedifferentiated state, as evidenced by re-expression of biological markers of native keratinocyte stem cells (nKSCs), including β1-integrin, CK19 and CK14. Moreover, these dedifferentiation-derived KSCs (dKSCs) showed an ability for high colony formation correlated with cell cycle analysis showing a marked accumulation in S phases, acquired a similar regional distribution of both α6-integrin and CD71 expression at the ultrastructural level, and had a increased proliferative capacity by releasing telomerase from nucleolar sites to nucleoplasmic distribution. However, on comparing dKSCs with nKSCs, 2 points seem noteworthy: (1) the proportion of transit amplifying cells in dKSCs treated with bFGF is much higher than that in nKSCs and (2) regional differences exist in the subcellular localization of telomerase in nKSCs and dKSCs. Most nKSCs showed a prominent nucleolar concentration of human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression, whereas most dKSCs showed a more diffuse intranuclear distribution of telomerase or even signal depletion at nucleoli relative to the general nucleoplasm. These results indicate that bFGF could induce the terminally differentiating epidermal keratinocytes to convert into their precursor cells, which offers a new approach for generating residual healthy stem cells for wound repair and regeneration.

著者

Masago Ishikawa Ichiro Kawase Fumio Ishii

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.11, pp.2031-2036, 2007-11-01 (Released:2007-11-01)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

12 16

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The simplest amino acid, glycine, is important in protein composition and plays a significant role in numerous physiological events in mammals. Despite the inhibitory effect of glycine on spontaneous melanogenesis in B16F0 melanoma cells, the details of the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The present study was conducted to investigate the further effects and the mechanisms of inhibitory effect of glycine on melanogenesis using B16F0 melanoma cells and hair follicle melanogenesis in C57BL/6J mice. Treatment with glycine (1—16 mM) for 72 h inhibited α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner without any effects on cell proliferation in B16F0 melanoma cells. Treatment with kojic acid (2.5 mM) for 72 h also inhibited α-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16F0 melanoma cells. The highest dose of glycine inhibited the α-MSH-induced increment of tyrosinase protein levels in B16F0 melanoma cells. In hair follicle melanogenesis in C57BL/6J mice, treatment with glycine (1250 or 2500 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 d prevented the decrement of L* and C* values and inhibited the increment of tyrosinase protein levels and melanin content within the skin. Treatment with hydroquinone (100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 d had a similar hypopigmenting effect to that of high dose glycine. These results suggest that glycine has an inhibitory effect on melanogenesis that is mediated by down-regulation of tyrosinase protein levels, leading to a hypopigmenting effect in C57BL/6J mice.

著者

Masago Ishikawa Ichiro Kawase Fumio Ishii

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.677-681, 2007 (Released:2007-04-01)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

18 23

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Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, play significant roles in numerous physiological events in mammals. As the effects of amino acids on melanogenesis have yet to be demonstrated, the present study was conducted to identify whether amino acids, in particular alanine, glycine, isoleucine and leucine, influence melanogenesis in B16F0 melanoma cells. Glycine and L-isoleucine, but not D-isoleucine, reduced melanogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner without any morphological changes in B16F0 melanoma cells. L-Alanine and L-leucine, but not D-alanine and D-leucine, also reduced melanogenesis without any morphological changes in B16F0 melanoma cells. However these amino acids did not show a concentration-dependency. Combination of L-alanine and the other amino acids, particularly 4 amino acids combination, had an additive effect on the inhibition of melanogenesis compared with single treatment of L-alanine. None of the amino acids affected the activity of tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanogenesis. These results suggest that L-alanine, glycine, L-isoleucine and L-leucine, but not the D-form amino acids, have a hypopigmenting effect in B16F0 melanoma cells, and that these effects are not due to the inhibition of tyrosinase activity. Combination of these 4 amino acids had the additive effect on hypopigmentation that was as similar as that of kojic acid.

著者

Munehiro Nakagawa Takamasa Ohno Rumi Maruyama Munenori Okubo Akito Nagatsu Makoto Inoue Hiroki Tanabe Genzou Takemura Shinya Minatoguchi Hisayoshi Fujiwara

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.9, pp.1754-1757, 2007-09-01 (Released:2007-09-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

5 12

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Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration are involved in restenosis following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA) as well as in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of the sesquiterpene 3-oxo-5αH,8βH-eudesma-1,4(15),7(11)-trien-8,12-olide (1) on rat VSMC proliferation and migration. VSMCs were isolated from rat aorta, and then the effect of 1 on cell proliferation and migration was examined using methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and chemotaxis assays, respectively. Compound 1 had a potent inhibitory effect on fetal calf serum-induced VSMC proliferation. This effect correlated with reduced expression of cyclin D1. In addition, 1 also inhibited platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced migration of VSMCs. These results indicate that 1 is a promising candidate for additional biological evaluation to further define its potential as an inhibitory modulator of VSMC responses that contribute to restenosis following PTCA and to the development and progression of atherosclerosis.

著者

Hideki Sasaki Hiroshi Akiyama Yoshifumi Yoshida Kazunari Kondo Yoshiaki Amakura Yoshimasa Kasahara Tamio Maitani

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.12, pp.2514-2518, 2006 (Released:2006-12-01)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

15 20

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In autumn 2004, many Japanese patients with renal failure developed cryptogenic encephalopathy by consuming sugihiratake mushroom, a Japanese delicacy. To elucidate the relationship between the cryptogenic cases and this mushroom, we conducted a multivariate analysis of metabolites in ‘Probably Toxic’ sugihiratake collected from the area of encephalopathy outbreaks, and ‘Probably Safe’ sugihiratake collected from unaffected areas using UPLC/ToF MS. The results indicate that the presence of milligram quantities of vitamin D-like compounds per 10 g of dried sugihiratake from the areas of encephalopathy outbreaks. Two hypotheses to induce the encephalopathy are proposed: the found metabolites are (1) vitamin D agonists, which induce acute and severe hypercalcemia and/or hyperammonemia and/or vitamin D toxicity, or (2) vitamin D antagonists, which induce acute and severe hypocalcemia.

著者

Kazusa Nishiyama Atsushi Yamada Miki Takahashi Tomoharu Takeuchi Ken-ichi Kasai Susumu Kobayashi Hideaki Natsugari Hideyo Takahashi

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.495-500, 2010-04-01 (Released:2010-04-10)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

15 17

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To search for the endogenous glyco-epitope in Caenorhabditis elegans, we synthesized labeled Galβ1-3Fuc and Galβ1-4Fuc and examined their binding affinity for C. elegans galectin LEC-6 using frontal affinity chromatography analysis. We developed a new strategy for synthesizing the labeled saccharides, in which the labeling unit, the 2-aminopyridine moiety, is coupled with a spacer unit derived from D-mannitol. Our results indicate that Galβ1-4Fuc is the endogenous glyco-epitope present in C. elegans N-glycans.

著者

Mutsuo Ishizaki Tomoko Yanaoka Miki Nakamura Tadao Hakuta Seiichi Ueno Michihiko Komuro Miyako Shibata Tatsumi Kitamura Akira Honda Mikio Doy Kazuhiro Ishii Akira Tamaoka Nobuhiro Shimojo Tsuyoshi Ogata Eiko Nagasawa Shigeyuki Hanaoka

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Journal of Health Science (ISSN:13449702)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.130-137, 2005 (Released:2005-04-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

40 66

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The inhabitants living in a specific region of Kizaki area in Kamisu-town, Ibaraki Prefecture exhibited uncommon clinical central nervous system symptoms. A graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer detected markedly elevated concentration of arsenic (4.5 ppm) in their drinking well water. Further investigation using HPLC, GC/MS and HPLC/ICP/MS demonstrated that the structures of the arsenic were bis(diphenylarsine)oxide (BDPAO), diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA) and phenylarsonic acid (PAA), compounds that can be derived from the chemical warfare agents, diphenylchloroarsine (DA) and diphenylcyanoarsine (DC). The predominant form of the arsenic compound in the well water was DPAA (maximum 15 ppm), so that it was calculated that the inhabitants ingested 11-30 mg of DPAA daily. This is the first report of inhabitants that were injured by drinking well water contaminated with organic arsenic compounds that were likely derived from chemical weapons.