著者

稲毛詛風 著

出版者

東洋図書

巻号頁・発行日

1929

著者

稲毛金七 稿

出版者

世界堂書店

巻号頁・発行日

1940

著者

稲毛金七 著

出版者

二書房

巻号頁・発行日

1930

著者

稲毛金七 著

出版者

目黒書店

巻号頁・発行日

1941

著者

稲毛金七 著

出版者

富文社

巻号頁・発行日

1947

著者

稲毛金七 稿

出版者

世界堂書店

巻号頁・発行日

1940

著者

稲毛詛風 著

出版者

世界堂

巻号頁・発行日

1937

著者

稲毛詛風 著

出版者

世界堂書店

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第2分冊, 1929

著者

稲毛詛風 著

出版者

明治図書

巻号頁・発行日

1936

著者

玉水館

出版者

近江屋伊兵衛[ほか2名]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[1], 1807

出版者

毎日新聞社

雑誌

エコノミスト (ISSN:00130621)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.5, pp.23-24, 2008-01-29

著者

佐々木 隆雄

出版者

経済理論学会

雑誌

季刊経済理論 (ISSN:18825184)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.10-19, 2008-04-20 (Released:2017-04-25)

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In this paper I try to describe some aspects of the increase in income inequality in the United States since the 1970s based on the results of previous research on this subject, and to consider some underlying causes of these phenomena. 1. Facts about the income distribution As to the trends in the family income distribution, there was a mild trend toward equalization after the World War II, which underwent dramatic reversal after the 1970s. The increase in income inequality in the past 30 years has many aspects but the most interesting aspect may be the dramatic concentration of income at the top to the disadvantage of vast majority. Owing to this process, pre-tax family income shares of top groups have returned to the very high levels of the pre-war or pre-Great Depression era from the low levels reached in the 1970s, reversing the also remarkable income equalization process from 1930s to 1970s. It may be said that the United States is the only advanced country whose top income shares returned to the levels of the pre-war days. Data on the income components tell us that the conspicuous decline of income shares of top groups from the 1930s to 1970s was largely due to the large decline of capital income shares of these groups as a result of the equally large decline of their asset shares. The latter was due to the effects of economic turbulence of the Great Depression and the World War II as well as of the introduction of the progressive taxation in this period. The increase in income shares of top groups in recent times is mainly due to the dramatic increase in their labor income shares, rather than in their capital income shares. Among the 'working rich' in these days are captains of new industries, Wall Street financiers, executives of big corporations and other celebrities. 2. Speculation on the causes of the changes in income distribution The causes of the decrease in income inequality in the early period and its remarkable reversal since the 1970s seem to be related to the changes in the American capitalist system in their respective periods. The Great Depression, New Deal and the World War II contributed to the equalization of income distribution through the economic disturbances and direct government control of private economy. Institutional changes of the labor market, such as the different states of unionization (growth of union power in early period and the decline of unionism in later period) and the difference in the administration of the federal minimum wage system both shaped some of the trend of wage differentials in each period. Difference in the degree of internationalization and in the style of business management caused by changes in the business environment in each period may have contributed to shape the trend of respective period. The generally accepted view on income distribution also changed and shaped the trend in it in each period. The experiences in the Great Depression, the total war and the war against communism all set much value on social solidarity rather than fierce capitalistic competition, contributing to a more egalitarian view of distribution. In the later period some worsening of economic condition or the sense of growing economic crisis owing to oil shocks, slowdown of productivity growth and the competitive challenges from other countries emphasized the creation of wealth rather than the distribution of wealth, competition rather than social solidarity, thus contributing to the less egalitarian view of distribution. All these systemic factors should be considered in studying the causes of the trends in income distribution.

著者

桐谷,圭治

出版者

東京昆蟲學會

雑誌

昆蟲

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, 1981-09-25

著者

市村今朝蔵 著

出版者

改造社

巻号頁・発行日

1939

著者

市村今朝蔵 著

出版者

京文社

巻号頁・発行日

1927

著者

市村今朝蔵 著

出版者

京文社

巻号頁・発行日

1927

著者

徳富 孔一

出版者

考古学研究会

雑誌

考古学研究 (ISSN:03869148)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.65-86, 2019

著者

藤松 紀子

雑誌

学習院大学国語国文学会誌 (ISSN:02864436)

巻号頁・発行日

no.22, pp.39-58, 1979-03-15

著者

湯谷 道雄 高橋 司

出版者

佛教大学教育学部学会

雑誌

佛教大学教育学部学会紀要 = Bulletin of the Faculty of Education of Bukkyo University (ISSN:13474782)

巻号頁・発行日

no.16, pp.1-12, 2017

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弓削保育所は、京都市の北の果て、過疎地域にある小さな保育所です。それだけに保育の活性化を図らなければなりません。そのために地域ぐるみで様々な取り組みを起こしました。保育を語り、想いを伝え、保護者や地域の方々に協力をいただくことにより、子どもの姿が変わり、周りの大人や地域がより子どもたちのことを知り、地域全体が元気になることで地域が持続していくことに繋がればと願って、保育環境の改造に取り組んだ実践記録です。保育環境地域保護者公助・共助文化の伝承

著者

遊佐慶夫 著

出版者

早稲田法政学会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第1巻 総則篇, 1918