著者

小林 義雄 中村 民雄 長谷川 弘

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.24-33, 1993-08-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

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In this historical study on the formation of modern kendo, we explore the system of techniques and its technical contents for shinai uchikomi geiko kendo practice, which is different from the performance of forms and styles called kata or kumitachi. We focus, among others, on master Chiba Shusaku, who constructed the practicing method and perfected the techniques into “68 winning techniques”. Further, we explore the thoughts behind and technical contents of the master's techniques, and compare the differences in techniques of “68 techniques” and what is considered to be its prototype, kumitachi of Onoha Ittoryu.In Ono School, most of the strokes are made to respond to the opponent's strokes, while “68 winning techniques” are primarily offensive, aiming at blowing or thrusting the opponent as quickly as possible to score men, tsuki, kote, or do. Thus, in both of the schools there are only three common techniques:1. Hitotsugachi and Kiriotoshitsuki, which are to cut down opponent's stroke and to thrust;2. Suriage and Suriagemen, which are to knock away opponent's sword and to blow opponent on the head;3. Tsubawari and Nukizuki, which are to duck opponent's blow by stepping back and to thrust the opponent after pulling your sword.Further, there are only seven techniques which are partially common:1. Chishou and Chishoumen, which are to put the point of the sword in opponent's arms who his trying to blow you on the head;2. Chishou and Chishouzuki, which are the same as above;3. Kobushi-no-harai and Kirikaeshimen, which are to blow opponent's head quicker than opponent's blowing you on the head;4. Uragiri and Sasoihikigote, which are to invite opponent's strike on your forearm;5. Aiha and Makiotoshimen, which are to twist down opponent's stroke and to blow opponent's head;6. Aiha and Makiotoshizuki, which are to twist down, rightward or leftward, opponent's stroke;7. Hariaiba and Harimen, which are to strike opponent's sword hard.From this it is clear that “68 winning techniques” were unique in its system of techniques and its technical contents, which were very different from Kumitachi of Onoha Ittoryu.

著者

中村民雄編

出版者

本の友社

巻号頁・発行日

2005

著者

中村 民雄

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.53-59, 1976-03-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

22

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The school physical education modernized since the middle of the nineteenth century reached the level of that of the Western countries at the beginning of the twentieth century. This period covering half a century is call the Meiji Era.We can safely conclude that Meiji Era was a very important period for the establishment of the “ modern Budo ” in our country.The purpose of this thesis, therefore, is to describe how the Budo entered into the school physical education in Meiji Era.

著者

中村 民雄 百鬼 史訓 森下 捷三 大保木 輝雄

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.242-257, 2013-03-29 (Released:2014-04-04)

被引用文献数

1

著者

中村 民雄

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.10-18, 1981-03-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

19

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Since the inauguration of the modern educational system, bujutsuka military artists out of office demanded that budo military arts be put in the regular curriculums. To this, Ministry of Education and scholars on physical education argued that budo military arts was inappropriate for regular curriculum. They pointed out that budo military arts could be dangerous and that it lacked the unity of instruction program and of teaching method. They admitted, however, that it could be given as an extra curricular activity to male students who were fifteen years of age or older.To overcome the argument of the Education Ministry, bujutsuka military artists tried to establish “unified style to be taught in the regular curriculums” by unifying tens of, hundreds of schools. In other words, they appointed, on July 27,1906 (the 39th year of Meiji Era), “the committees to study unified style”. Jigoro Kano headed the judo committee and Noboru Watanabe, the kendo committee. Each committee reported, the following month, the style called “Dai Nippon Butoku-kai Seiteikata (Japan Society for Military Arts Virtue Style)”.To be more specific, in judo's case, Kodokan school made the original plans of the committee and they gained the full support.Kendo's case was not so easy. The plans of the committee were not accepted. A new 23-member committee was appointed in October,1912 (the 1st year of Taisho Era) and the committee presented the 10 brand new “Dai Nippon Teikoku Kendokata (Imperial Japan Kendo Styles)”. These styles still exist today and are considered to be the bases of kendo.

著者

中村 民雄

出版者

福島大学

雑誌

福島大学教育学部論集. 社会科学部門 (ISSN:05328179)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, pp.29-44, 1996-12

著者

長谷川 弘一 中村 民雄 小林 義雄

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.39-49, 1992-07-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

57

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We noticed “Hokushin Ittoryu”, among several kenjutsu schools, which tried to re-build the sustem of techniquesa nd constracted them analytically. But in this essay, we have examinedt he kenjutesu-theory of Sugane Kubota who was a contemporary of Shusaku Chiba (the founder of “Hokushin Ittoryu”) and left enormous writings. Particularly we have studied, from the viewpoint of the history of athletic techniques, the features of the fundamentals of techniques which are the basis of the sustem of techniques.As a result, we have found the two faces; one is the part which tried to build the sustem of techniques consciously, that is, the part which changed from pre-modern (Edo era) kendo into modern (Meiji era) one, and the other in the part which could not get rid of the traditional “Kata-kenjutsu”.The results of the former are as follows(1) Not only feet position but also posture was right in the opposition to the opponent, and the direction of the sword was straight to the center of the opponent.(2) “Te-no-uchi in striking was similar to “pushing-cut” rather than “pulling-cut”.(3) The course of striking from the front along the central line to the opponent was proposed more mainly than from the right or left side. And continuous strikings were encouraged. The results of the latter are as follows:(1) The position of the sword was limited to the three; “jodan-no-kamae” “chudan-no-kamae”, and “gedannokamae”. And jodan-no-kamae”, in which the height of the point of the sword is fixed between the nose and mouth of the opponent, was the most basic.(2) The footwork was “ayumi-ashi” (walking step).(3) We guessed that swinging up was done without changing the condition of holding sword of the first posture.(4) The elbow joints were stretched more forward in holding the sword than modern kendo.(5) The follow-through of weight transfer after striking was not made unlike the present kendo, and it was directed to return to the former position soon.(6) “Kanemen-Zuki” was adopted, which was widely used in spear-fighting. It showed a tendency to the techniqueso f practical and comprehensivem ilitary arts. Thus, Kubota's kenjutsu-theory has some characteristics of the transitional age from pre-modern to modern theory. But it does not reach the stage which breaks with the traditional “kata-kenjutsu” and constructs the system of techniques.

著者

中村 民雄

出版者

早稲田大学法学会

雑誌

早稻田法學 (ISSN:03890546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.3, pp.659-691, 2012-03-20

著者

中村 民雄

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.76-77, 1985-01-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

中村民雄 [ほか] 著

出版者

昭和堂

巻号頁・発行日

2008

著者

中村民雄編

出版者

ミネルヴァ書房

巻号頁・発行日

2005

著者

中村 民雄

出版者

福島大学教育学部

雑誌

福島大学教育学部論集 教育・心理部門 (ISSN:05328160)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.p63-73, 1981-12

著者

中村 民雄

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.Supplement, pp.51, 1997 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

中村 民雄

出版者

早稲田大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2018-04-01

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この研究はイギリスのEU脱退(Brexit)の前後を比較し、イギリスとEUの各法制が、越境的な広がりを持つ共通の問題についてグローバル次元でいかなる法を形成するかを観察することを前提に、グローバル行政法の基礎理論を考えようとする。ところが観察の前提であるBrexitが、イギリス国内政治の混乱により、本研究期間の2年度めに入っても実現しておらず、先行きも不透明である(2019年4月時点)。そこで研究の有意義な成果がでるように方法と焦点を再考する必要に迫られた。ゆえに初年度の環境法制の変化については、(1)現行の法制度が脱退協定により変化するものかどうかを検証すること。(2)イギリス独自の制度的工夫でグローバル行政法形成に直結しそうな展開を調査すること。(3)グローバル行政法の基礎理論の考察をEUが日本と締結した協定も手がかりに進めること(これはBrexit後のイギリスがEUと締結する協定のモデルとなりうる)。以上の3点に絞って研究を進めた。(1)については、EUの環境法制度のうち、イギリスがもっとも実施において困難を抱えてきた大気汚染防止の項目について、脱退後は独自法制度で取り組むことが示唆されていることを把握した。(2)については、全国規模ではないが、地方分権後のウェールズにおいて議会が、将来世代の利益を代弁して現在の世代の政策形成において考慮させる「将来世代オンブズマン(Future Generations Ombudsman)」の制度を、ウェールズ議会の制定法により創設したことに焦点をあて、2019年3月に当該オンブズマン事務局において法令やネット情報等では得られない具体的な活動の成果や活動上の困難や留意点、そして世界の類似の制度との協力の有無や協力の成果についてインタビュー調査をした。(3)については、EU-Japan Forumにおいて研究発表をした。

著者

小林 義雄 中村 民雄 長谷川 弘

出版者

Japanese Academy of Budo

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.24-33, 1993

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In this historical study on the formation of modern kendo, we explore the system of techniques and its technical contents for shinai uchikomi geiko kendo practice, which is different from the performance of forms and styles called kata or kumitachi. We focus, among others, on master Chiba Shusaku, who constructed the practicing method and perfected the techniques into &ldquo;68 winning techniques&rdquo;. Further, we explore the thoughts behind and technical contents of the master's techniques, and compare the differences in techniques of &ldquo;68 techniques&rdquo; and what is considered to be its prototype, kumitachi of Onoha Ittoryu.<br>In Ono School, most of the strokes are made to respond to the opponent's strokes, while &ldquo;68 winning techniques&rdquo; are primarily offensive, aiming at blowing or thrusting the opponent as quickly as possible to score men, tsuki, kote, or do. Thus, in both of the schools there are only three common techniques:<br>1. Hitotsugachi and Kiriotoshitsuki, which are to cut down opponent's stroke and to thrust;<br>2. Suriage and Suriagemen, which are to knock away opponent's sword and to blow opponent on the head;<br>3. Tsubawari and Nukizuki, which are to duck opponent's blow by stepping back and to thrust the opponent after pulling your sword.<br>Further, there are only seven techniques which are partially common:<br>1. Chishou and Chishoumen, which are to put the point of the sword in opponent's arms who his trying to blow you on the head;<br>2. Chishou and Chishouzuki, which are the same as above;<br>3. Kobushi-no-harai and Kirikaeshimen, which are to blow opponent's head quicker than opponent's blowing you on the head;<br>4. Uragiri and Sasoihikigote, which are to invite opponent's strike on your forearm;<br>5. Aiha and Makiotoshimen, which are to twist down opponent's stroke and to blow opponent's head;<br>6. Aiha and Makiotoshizuki, which are to twist down, rightward or leftward, opponent's stroke;<br>7. Hariaiba and Harimen, which are to strike opponent's sword hard.<br>From this it is clear that &ldquo;68 winning techniques&rdquo; were unique in its system of techniques and its technical contents, which were very different from Kumitachi of Onoha Ittoryu.

著者

中村 民雄

出版者

木鐸社

雑誌

レヴァイアサン (ISSN:13438166)

巻号頁・発行日

no.60, pp.100-117, 2017