著者
井谷 鋼造
出版者
東洋史研究會
雑誌
東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.1, pp.116-149, 1988-06-30

The last Khwarazmshah Jalal al-Din was the greatest "hero" against the Mongol invasion in West Asia. His energetic military operations extended from Kirman to Rum (Asia Minor or Anatolia). Five contemporary historians, being Ibn al-Athir, al-Nasawi, Juwayni, Ibn Bibi and al-Hamawi recorded his activity in detail. These historical sources lead us to the following conclusion. Jalal al-Din's vigorous operations against Georgians since his appearance in Adharbayjan (1225) were highly estimated by Muslim authors. But when he entered into an alliance with al-Mu'azzam, son of al-'Adil b. Ayyub, Jalal al-Din was involved in a rivalry between al-Mu'azzam and al-Ashraf, another son of al-'Adil. After his first siege of Akhlat, an important city in Armenia ruled by a deputy of al-Ashraf, Khwarazmians were accused of their "evilness of behavior" by Ibn al-Athir. 'Ala' al-Din Kayqubad, Sultan of Rum was related by marriage to al-Ashraf and al-Kamil, ruler of Egypt, in 1227. After the capture of Akhlat by Jalal al-Din (1230) and his alliance with the ruler of Arzan al-Rum, cousin of Kayqubad, Rum Saltanat and the house of Ayyub formed an alliance against Jalal al-Din. Finally Jalal al-Din was defeated by the allied forces at Yassi Chaman, near Arzinjan on 28 Ramadan 627 A.H. (10.8.1230). He could never recover from this defeat and a year later was to be killed near Amid in consequence of the pursuit of a Mongol detachment sent by Ogadai Qa'an. The reason why Jalal al-Din had to fight against Sultan of Rum and the grandsons of Ayyub was for his lack of established foundation in West Asia. According to Juwayni, Jalal al-Din called himself sadd-i Iskandar against Mongol infidels, but in fact Khwarazmians lived in yawagi i.e. having neither property nor place. (Ibn Bibi, pp. 379, 430, 485 of facsimile text published by A. S. Erzi). So Khwarazmians had to become plunderers and at last collided with the most powerful forces in West Asia. Furthermore Rum Saltanat of Saljuq dynasty had enmity against Khwarazmshah, because Tekish, grandfather of Jalal al-Din, overthrew Saljuq state in Iran (1194). Rum Saltanat also, assisted by the grandsons of Ayyub, had to fight against Jalal al-Din in order to protect not only their actual interests in Eastern Anatolia, but their family's fame in history.
著者
井谷 鋼造
出版者
東洋史研究會
雑誌
東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.1, pp.p116-149, 1988-06
著者
井谷 鋼造
出版者
追手門学院大学
雑誌
追手門学院大学国際教養学部紀要 (ISSN:1882630X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, pp.47-68, 2007

イズニク市 / 14-15世紀 / アラビア文字石板銘文
著者
井谷 鋼造
出版者
一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会
雑誌
オリエント (ISSN:00305219)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.1, pp.1-20, 1987-09-30 (Released:2010-03-12)

After the death of Sultan ‘Ala’ al-Din Kayqubad I, his eldest son Ghiyath al-Din Kaykhusraw ascended the throne against his father's will and his supporters became powerful in Rum Saltanat of Saljuq dynasty. Among them Sa'd al-Din Köpek seized the greatest power and killed the late sultan's Ayyubid wife 'Adiliya, Kamal al-Din Kamyar, parwana and atabeg of Kaykhusraw, putting such persons in prison as the two sons of 'Adiliya, Qaymari the Kurdish chief, and Qayïr Khan the leader of Khwarazmian soldiers. These political events mean that the influence of the late sultan Kayqubad was to be removed during the first two years of Kaykhusraw's reign and as a result Kaykhusraw's Saltanat lost its military power.Then in autumn of 1240 the revolt of Baba happened in the basin of Euphrates and soon reached to the central parts of Anatolia. Rum Saltanat's troops were defeated four times and unable to suppress the revolt, while they were successful in capture of its charismatic leader Baba Ishaq Khariji and put him to death in Amasiya. The final battle was fought in the desert of Maliya near Qïrshahr and the followers of Baba, most of them Turkman nomads, were annihilated together with thier families and livestock. After the painful victory over the revolt of Baba, Kaykhusraw's Saltanat became more active than before in its military phase against the Khwarazmians and the Ayyubid maliks in Diyar Bakr.From the historical point of view the revolt of Baba was not the prelude to the approaching Mongol invasion, but its disastrous end led to the establishment of Kaykhusraw's power in Rum Saltanat.
著者
井谷 鋼造
出版者
追手門学院大学
雑誌
追手門学院大学国際教養学部紀要 (ISSN:1882630X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, pp.1-27, 2008

オスマン帝国 / 15-17世紀 / アラビア文字刻銘文
著者
堀川 徹 井谷 鋼造 稲葉 穣 川本 久男 小松 久男 帯谷 知可 磯貝 健一
出版者
京都外国語大学
雑誌
基盤研究(A)
巻号頁・発行日
2002

本研究では過去千年間という長期にわたる期間を、コミュニティーの成立期(9-13世紀)、発展期(14-19世紀)、変容期(19世紀以降)に区分して、各時期をそれぞれa〜cの研究班が担当して具体的な研究を遂行してきた。基本的に各班は独立して研究活動を遂行したが、成立期から発展期、発展期から変容期への移行期に注目することと、中央アジア以外の地域との「比較」を念頭に置くことを申し合わせた。また研究を進める前提として、ムスリム・コミュニティーを「内側から」明らかにするために、現地史料の発掘と利用が必須であるという共通の認識をもった。本研究の第一の成果は、年代記等の一般的な叙述史料のみならず、聖者伝や系譜集などのスーフィズム関連の文献、種々の古文書や碑文・墓誌銘、各種刊行物・新聞、調査資料等にわたり、従来利用されなかった史料を新たに開拓したことである。とくに、ウズベキスタン共和国のイチャン・カラ博物館、サマルカンド国立歴史・建築・美術博物館、フェルガナ州郷土博物館との共同研究によって、膨大な数が現地の各種機関に未整理のまま所蔵されている、イスラーム法廷文書のデジタル化・整理分類・解題作成の作業を軌道に乗せることができた。第二の成果は、上述した種々の史料を利用した各自の研究によって、それぞれの時代におけるコミュニティーの姿が具体的に明らかになったことである。中でも、イスラーム法廷文書を利用した歴史研究は、本研究プロジェクトにおいて、ようやく本格的に開始されたといっても過言ではなく、4回にわたって毎年3月に京都外国語大学で開催された「中央アジア古文書研究セミナー」によって、本研究を通して得られたわれわれの知識や技能が日本人研究者間で共有されることになった。