著者
佐藤 俊哉
出版者
日本計量生物学会
雑誌
計量生物学 (ISSN:09184430)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.2, pp.109-115, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-05-18)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
1

On March 7th, 2016, the American Statistical Association released its “ASA Statement on Statistical Significance and P-values,” which provided 6 principles to improve the conduct or interpretation of quantitative research. Misunderstanding and misuse of statistical tests and P-values were discussed many times in the epidemiologic field. In this paper, I gave a summary of the ASA statement and its translation process into Japanese. Then, I discussed how to avoid misunderstanding or misuse of statistical tests or P-values in epidemiologic observational studies.
著者
高橋 佳苗 長尾 能雅 足立 由起 森本 剛 市橋 則明 坪山 直生 大森 崇 佐藤 俊哉
出版者
一般社団法人 日本薬剤疫学会
雑誌
薬剤疫学 (ISSN:13420445)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.1, pp.11-20, 2011 (Released:2011-10-05)
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
3 3

Objective:It is well known that the use of benzodiazepines is associated with falling in elderly people, but there have been few researches focused on changes in the dose of benzodiazepines and falls. If the association between changes in the dose of benzodiazepines and falling becomes clear, we may take an action to prevent falling.In this study, we investigated the association between changes in the dose of benzodiazepines and falling among elderly inpatients in an acute-care hospital.Design:Falling generally results from an interaction of multiple and diverse risk factors and situations, and medication history of each subject must be considered in this study. We conducted a case-crossover study in which a case was used as his/her own control at different time periods. Therefore covariates that were not time-dependent were automatically adjusted in this study.Methods:Subjects were patients who had falling at one hospital between April 1, 2008 and November 30, 2009. Data were collected from incident report forms and medical records. Odds ratio for changes in the dose of benzodiazepines were calculated using conditional logistic regression analyses.Results:A total of 422 falling by elderly people were eligible for this study. The odds ratio for increased amounts of benzodiazepines was 2.02(95% Confidence Interval(CI):1.15, 3.56). On the other hand, the odds ratio for decreased amounts of benzodiazepines was 1.11(95%CI:0.63,1.97).Conclusion:There was an association between increased amounts of benzodiazepines and falling. Hence, it is considered meaningful to pay attention to falling when amounts of benzodiazepines are increased to prevent falling in hospitals.
著者
佐藤 恵子 岩崎 学 菅波 秀規 佐藤 俊哉 椿 広計
出版者
日本計量生物学会
雑誌
計量生物学 (ISSN:09184430)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.1, pp.37-53, 2014-08-31 (Released:2014-10-15)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
1 1

All statisticians are expected to produce statistical outcomes of high quality and reliability. To ensure reliability in statistical performance and outcomes and to meet societal expectations, certain standards of conduct (SOC) must be established such that individual statisticians embrace their own principles and so that the community of statisticians as a whole functions with more self-control.In 2008, the Biometric Society of Japan began revision of the code of conduct, and the working group drafted an SOC. This particular draft re.ected the opinions of statisticians and the basic concepts which aligned well with ethical guidelines of the American Statistical Association and the International Statistical Institute. As forced guidelines rarely result in full compliance and increased ethical conduct, the SOC offers a framework to encourage individual biostatisticians to establish and hold their own principles and to act responsibly with integrity.The SOC comprises a preamble, mission statement, values, ten principles and background information. The draft SOC was approved by the Council of the Biometric Society of Japan in November 2013.The SOC will help statisticians improve their capacity to perform sound statistical practices, improve the working environment, cultivate the next generation of statisticians with professionalism, and acquire societal trust.
著者
佐藤 俊哉
出版者
応用統計学会
雑誌
応用統計学 (ISSN:02850370)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.1, pp.21-34, 1994-09-30 (Released:2009-06-12)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
9 9

Intent-to-treat解析に関してはさまざまな議論がある.多くの生物統計家がランダム化臨床試験では必須の解析であるとしているものの,ランダムに割り付けられた治療の効果が正しく評価可能であった対象だけを解析すべき,または両者を併用すべき,などの方針も容認されている.これは,intent-to-treat解析は治療が臨床に導入された後に起こり得る状況をも考慮した実践的な解析で,プロトコルを遵守した治療効果評価可能例のみの解析は生物学的な効果を調べるための研究的な解析である,という認識にもとづいている.本論文では,intent-to-treat解析による治療効果の検定と治療効果の推定について因果推論の立場から議論し,治療効果の検定に関してはintent-to-treat解析は正しく因果帰無仮説の検定を行っていること,一般に「実践的」と考えられているのはintent-to-treat解析による治療効果の推定であることを明らかにする.さらに,プロトコルを遵守した治療効果評価可能例のみの解析でも因果パラメータを正しく推定できないことを示し,ランダム化にもとづいたintent-to-treat解析で因果パラメータを推定する方法を提案する.この方法は因果パラメータに強い生物学的な仮定を必要とするが,ランダム化にもとづいたノンパラメトリックな治療効果の推定を実施できるという利点を持っている.
著者
佐藤 俊哉
出版者
一般社団法人 日本統計学会
雑誌
日本統計学会誌 (ISSN:03895602)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.3, pp.493-513, 1993 (Released:2009-01-22)
参考文献数
107
被引用文献数
1

リスク要因と疾病発生との因果関係を調べるための疫学研究で用いる生物統計手法に関するレビューを行う.疫学研究で興味のある,リスク要因への曝露の効果の指標を導入した後,曝露効果を推定するための古典的な研究デザインである,コホート研究,ケース・コントロール研究とそこで用いる生物統計手法を解説する.最近では,生物統計学の発展にともなって,コホート研究,ケース・コントロール研究に代わる新しい研究デザインがいくつか提案されているが,新しいデザインのうち代表的なネステッド・ケース・コントロール研究,ケース・コホート研究, 2段階ケース・コントロール研究の紹介を行う.また,疫学的観察研究から因果推論を行うための最近の研究成果についても報告する.その他の重要な話題である,誤分類の影響, Ecologica bias,経時観察研究,についても簡単ではあるが文献紹介を行う.
著者
佐藤 俊哉
出版者
日本計量生物学会
雑誌
計量生物学 (ISSN:09184430)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.Special_Issue_1, pp.S57-S62, 2007-10-01 (Released:2011-09-25)
参考文献数
17

In this paper, I will review recent development in epidemiologic theories. It is emphasized that case-control studies are considered to be based on a underlying hypothesized cohort. Thus, various control selection options have been developed as the selection from the population at risk in that hypothesized cohort.As an example of the use of new epidemiologic designs, a case-control study of infant asthma is illustrated. It is a part of the SORA (Study on Respiratory Disease and Automobile Exhaust) project which is a complex of epidemiologic studies for infants, school children, and adults conducted by the Ministry of the Environment. In that study, a two-stage case-control design which is effcient both for rare exposure and rare disease is adopted.