3 0 0 0 OA 人口減少社会における関係人口の意義と可能性
- 著者
- 作野 広和
- 出版者
- The Japan Association of Economic Geography
- 雑誌
- 経済地理学年報 (ISSN:00045683)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.65, no.1, pp.10-28, 2019-03-30 (Released:2020-03-30)
- 参考文献数
- 42
- 被引用文献数
- 5
本稿は,2016年以降に語られはじめた関係人口の概念を改めて整理し,その意義について新たな見解を提示した.従来,関係人口は「交流人口と定住人口の間に位置する第3の人口」と捉えられていた.本稿で検討した結果,関係人口のそうした性格は否定しないものの,3つの人口概念を段階性でのみ説明することは誤解を招きかねないとの結論に至った.すなわち,関係人口を交流人口と定住人口との間のステップとしてのみ捉えるのではなく,新しい時代における都市地域と農山漁村地域との関わり方の一つとして捉えるべきである.また,関係人口が有する多様性についても明らかにした.本稿では,都市農村関係から関係人口を4つに類型化し,それぞれの類型が有する性格を整理した.従来の関係人口に関する言説では,地域支援志向型と地域貢献志向型の関係人口に多くの注目が集まっていた.一方で,地域を維持していく上では「地域を守る」行動を継続的に行える人材が必要である.本稿では,そのような人材を非居住地域維持型の関係人口であると整理した.そのような意味では,社会学で整理されている修正拡大家族の概念も,関係人口の一部として積極的に評価すべきであると考える.
3 0 0 0 OA 集落の限界化と「むらおさめ」に関する人文地理学的研究
1 0 0 0 OA 過疎的農山村における低次中心地の存立構造
- 著者
- 作野 広和
- 出版者
- The Human Geographical Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- 人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.48, no.6, pp.527-549, 1996-12-28 (Released:2009-04-28)
- 参考文献数
- 61
- 被引用文献数
- 3
This paper aims to identify the changes in the structure of surviving lower order centers in rural-mountain regions where the population continues to decrease as a process of increasing control by cities over lower order centers; and to clarify the mechanisms of the control. A case study was made of site development of retail businesses, manufacturing industries, and branch establishments of the service industry in Maniwa district of Okayama Prefecture. What follows is a brief overview of this paper and its conclusions.Local shopping areas, composed of independent retail stores whose operations depended on local demand, have lost their economic role to large-scale retail stores with local capital. In addition, large-scale retail stores with outside capital, whose head offices are located in Okayama or cities in other prefectures, have recently entered Maniwa district. The development pattern of these stores is in accord with the level of the centers. It can, therefore, be assumed that, in the same way as chain stores have spread, capital from higher-ranked cities has been gradually spreading to lower-ranked centers; and, this phenomenon started affecting lower order centers in the 1990s.With manufacturing industries, the establishment of factories by major firms or their subcontractors has significant meaning for lower order centers in that it produces great employment opportunities. These factories, however, are controlled and managed by outside regions.This pattern can also be seen in the site development of branch establishments which have the function of office work for the service industry. That is, there is a hierarchical control structure in which business establishments in nearby cities or prefectural capital areas locate branch offices in lower-ranked centers. At the same time, a pattern in which business establishments that have their main offices in a metropolitan region locate branch offices directly in lower order centers in depopulated rural-mountain regions was also observed.Thus, it can be concluded that lower order centers function not just as relatively decentralized lower-ranked centers. Rather, they also function as a medium of direct control over rural-mountain regions by metropolitan regions, through the connections between main offices located in national centers and the branch offices.In conclusion, the power of higher-ranked cities to control lower order centers through various channels is growing. These channels include large-scale retail stores and chain stores, the factories of manufacturing industries and subcontractors, and branch establishments which have the function of office work. Consequently, the autonomous nature of these centers, which is based on serving local needs, is being lost; and in its stead, a heteronomous control by higher-ranked cities can increasingly be observed.
- 著者
- 作野 広和
- 出版者
- 地理科学学会
- 雑誌
- 地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.50, no.4, pp.313-315, 1995