著者

綿村 英一郎 分部 利紘 佐伯 昌彦

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.11-20, 2014-08-18 (Released:2015-06-06)

参考文献数

26

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This study verified the influence of a punishment reference histogram on the sentences of lay judges. In Experiment 1, 80 undergraduates determined the prison terms of an offender in an audio trial. About half the students were shown a histogram with a peak of the punishment meted out in similar cases and the remainder a histogram without it. The peak was set as a relatively short prison term (5–10 yrs) considering the seriousness of the crime (murder). The result indicated that the peak-histogram group chose significantly shorter prison terms than did the non-peak-histogram group, suggesting that the peak influenced the former’s sentencing. Moreover, Experiment 2 showed that the peak of the histogram influenced participant sentencing more strongly than a table, although both held the same punishment data, and that the same shaped histogram of different data did not. From these results, we concluded that the anchoring effect of the histogram is most likely to be caused by the visual attractiveness of the peak.

著者

綿村 英一郎 分部 利紘 佐伯 昌彦

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.11-20, 2014-08-18

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This study verified the influence of a punishment reference histogram on the sentences of lay judges. In Experiment 1, 80 undergraduates determined the prison terms of an offender in an audio trial. About half the students were shown a histogram with a peak of the punishment meted out in similar cases and the remainder a histogram without it. The peak was set as a relatively short prison term (5-10 yrs) considering the seriousness of the crime (murder). The result indicated that the peak-histogram group chose significantly shorter prison terms than did the non-peak-histogram group, suggesting that the peak influenced the former's sentencing. Moreover, Experiment 2 showed that the peak of the histogram influenced participant sentencing more strongly than a table, although both held the same punishment data, and that the same shaped histogram of different data did not. From these results, we concluded that the anchoring effect of the histogram is most likely to be caused by the visual attractiveness of the peak.

著者

中島 早苗 分部 利紘 今井 久登

出版者

The Japanese Society for Cognitive Psychology

雑誌

認知心理学研究 (ISSN:13487264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.105-109, 2012

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本研究では匂いの同定しやすさ(同定率),快・不快(感情価),日頃嗅ぐ頻度(接触頻度)が匂いからの無意図的想起の生起要因となるかを検討した.74名の参加者にさまざまな匂いを提示して,<i>SD</i>評定を求めた.その後,評定中に自伝的記憶を意図せずに想起したかを尋ねた.その結果,接触頻度の高い匂いほど無意図的想起が生じやすかった.しかし同定率や感情価は無意図的想起の有無と関連がなかった.この結果は,匂いからの無意図的想起では言語表象を介した活性化が生じないこと,無意図的想起は手がかりの種類によって想起過程が異なることを示唆する.

著者

綿村 英一郎 分部 利紘 高野 陽太郎

出版者

法と心理学会

雑誌

法と心理 (ISSN:13468669)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.98-108, 2010 (Released:2017-06-02)

被引用文献数

2

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This study aimed at specifying lay judges' punishing strategy. Preceding experimental studies have concluded that the principal strategy is retribution because a crime's objective seriousness always affected preferred punishment. This conclusion is based on the assumption that objective seriousness is identical to subjective seriousness, which underlies retribution. We tested this assumption by directly assessing subjective seriousness while experimentally manipulating objective seriousness. A pass analysis of 128 college students' answers to a questionnaire revealed that objective seriousness affected preferred punishment directly without substantial mediation of subjective seriousness, probably through knowledge about the common relation between a crime's consequence and punishment. However, preferred punishment was also affected by subjective seriousness, which could be determined by such factors as a criminal's attribute other than objective seriousness. This latter finding confirmed that lay judges' punishing strategy is at least partly based on retribution.

著者

渡辺 晃 分部 利紘 綿村 英一郎 高野 陽太郎

出版者

日本認知心理学会

雑誌

認知心理学研究 (ISSN:13487264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.23-30, 2015

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系列学習に関する研究により,学習後に睡眠を経ることで,先行チャンク内項目の検索と並行した後続チャンク内項目の検索が促進されるという,"記憶の固定化"が示されてきた.しかし,学習した系列の記憶表象に睡眠がいかなる変化をもたらすのかについては未解明であった.われわれは,学習後の睡眠がチャンク間の結合を強化するのか,それとも,個々の項目間の結合を強化するのか検証した.参加者は二つのチャンクにより構成された系列を学習した後,その系列の中間部分,すなわち先行チャンクの後半から後続チャンクの前半にかけての部分系列を,それ単体もしくは系列全体の一部として実行した.結果,同部分系列に対する運動速度が睡眠により向上したのは,それを系列全体のなかに埋め込む形で実行した場合にのみ限られた.これは,睡眠が強化するのは項目同士ではなくチャンク同士の結合であること,およびチャンクの構造は記憶の固定化後も保持されていることを示唆する.