著者
夏目 賢一
出版者
科学技術社会論学会
雑誌
科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, pp.191-209, 2018-12-10 (Released:2020-02-10)
参考文献数
50

デュアルユース技術研究への期待は,まずは防衛装備(とくに次世代戦闘機)の調達費削減と技術獲得,そして将来的な国際共同開発を見据えたバーゲニングパワー向上を求める防衛技術外交政策の中で促された.これに日本のソフトパワー向上を求める科学技術外交政策と産学官によるイノベーション志向の科学技術政策が加わることで,デュアルユース技術研究に取り組むことが大学にも期待されるようになった.科学技術外交戦略の議論では,その管理や倫理は内閣府によって検討対象外とされ,国際化・高度化・高額化する通常兵器の取得とデュアルユース技術研究のスピンオン・オフばかりが検討課題になった.デュアルユース技術研究への積極的支援は政権によらずに推進されていたことから,それが日本の政治家のあいだである程度一般的な認識になっていたか,あるいは何らかの外的影響によっていたと考えられる.
著者
夏目 賢一
出版者
東京大学大学院総合文化研究科広域科学専攻
巻号頁・発行日
2012-04-26

報告番号: 乙17679 ; 学位授与年月日: 2012-04-26 ; 学位の種別: 論文博士 ; 学位の種類: 博士(学術) ; 学位記番号: 第17679号 ; 研究科・専攻: 総合文化研究科広域科学専攻
著者
夏目 賢一
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.255, pp.152-162, 2010-09-24

Michael Faraday introduced the idea of contiguous particles in order to explain the induction phenomena of electricity in 1837, thus denying the action-at-a-distance theory. However, he could not completely eliminate the possibility of action at a distance among particles, because he did not sufficiently consider rarefied air which could transmit electricity. He therefore had to assume the action at an insensible distance to account for the electric transmission in rarefied air. When he published his theory of induction, Faraday stated to consider the criterion of contact of particles only for a sensible distance, not discussing the action at an insensible distance. This idea of insensible distance came from the discussion of insensible distance stemmed from a similar argument in British empiricism, especially from the Scottish common-sense school tradition, e.g. John Robison and Thomas Thomson. They divided the qualities of matters into primary and secondary by invoking human senses as suitable criteria. While primary qualities were measurable quantities in mechanics, the secondary qualities consisted of primary qualities. Under the strong influence of Newtonian mechanics, these primary qualities included attraction and repulsion like universal gravity. Therefore it was not problematic to assume action at an insensible distance when the matters seemed to contact each other. Therefore, assuming action at an insensible distance was acceptable in the case of bodies contacting each other. This understanding led Faraday to the idea of contiguous particle.
著者
夏目 賢一
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.255, pp.152-162, 2010 (Released:2021-08-02)

Michael Faraday introduced the idea of contiguous particles in order to explain the induction phenomena of electricity in 1837, thus denying the action-at-a-distance theory. However, he could not completely eliminate the possibility of action at a distance among particles, because he did not sufficiently consider rarefied air which could transmit electricity. He therefore had to assume the action at an insensible distance to account for the electric transmission in rarefied air. When he published his theory of induction, Faraday stated to consider the criterion of contact of particles only for a sensible distance, not discussing the action at an insensible distance. This idea of insensible distance came from the discussion of insensible distance stemmed from a similar argument in British empiricism, especially from the Scottish common-sense school tradition, e.g. John Robison and Thomas Thomson. They divided the qualities of matters into primary and secondary by invoking human senses as suitable criteria. While primary qualities were measurable quantities in mechanics, the secondary qualities consisted of primary qualities. Under the strong influence of Newtonian mechanics, these primary qualities included attraction and repulsion like universal gravity. Therefore it was not problematic to assume action at an insensible distance when the matters seemed to contact each other. Therefore, assuming action at an insensible distance was acceptable in the case of bodies contacting each other. This understanding led Faraday to the idea of contiguous particle.
著者
夏目 賢一
出版者
公益社団法人 日本工学教育協会
雑誌
工学教育 (ISSN:13412167)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.5, pp.5_4-5_9, 2021 (Released:2021-10-02)
参考文献数
32

This essay historically evaluates the development of the techno-literacy issue, the demand for which surfaced in the engineering education reform around 1990, especially in the 1989 report, Engineering Education in the Transitional Phase. In the discussion, techno-literacy was based on engineering design theories, and in a broader sense, included the study of humanities and social sciences to cultivate well-balanced judgment with a broader knowledge of artificially systematized societies. In the late 1990s, the discussion faded into oblivion, with an increased focus on engineering ethics. However, similar discussions have been raised since the 2000s, emphasizing technological innovation with citizen participation. Given the historical analysis, it is possible to consistently understand Japan’s introduction of social technology (or sociotechnology) and ELSI in the 2000s and provide guidelines for developing engineering ethics education as a liberal arts subject.
著者
栃内 文彦 札野 順 西村 秀雄 岡部 幸徳 金光 秀和 夏目 賢一 金 永鍾 デイビス マイケル プール イボー・ファン・ダ ピーターソン マーティン ニッケル フィリップ バーグ ポール・ファン・デン ワグナー-ツカモト シグモンド
出版者
金沢工業大学
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2012-04-01

社会のグローバル化を十分に踏まえた技術者倫理教育のための教材開発に資するべく、日・米・蘭の三カ国で技術者の価値観についての実証的比較研究を行ない、以下の成果を挙げた:1)「ソーラーブラインド(英語吹替版)」を用いたケースメソッド型の事例教材パッケージの開発、2)「技術者が重視すべき価値がモノづくりの現場においてどの程度重視されているか」に関する、日・米・蘭の工科系大学で学ぶ学生間における認識の違いの明確化、3)技術者倫理教育・研究ネットワークの拡大、4)現在行なっている技術者倫理教育のための教材開発への貢献、5)モノづくりにおけるアジア・イスラム的価値観に関する調査・研究の基盤構築。