著者

栃内 文彦

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.222, pp.65-74, 2002 (Released:2021-08-16)

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The "controversies " in Japanese geological community that lasted for 20 years after World War II are widely recognized as "historicity controversies " between "physicochemicalism " (denying "historicity " in geological objects) and "historicism " (against employing physicochemical methods). Mitsuo HUNAHASHI, professor of petrology at Hokkaido University, has been considered to be a "historicist. " However, reexamination of his "historicity controversies " reveals that he was not a man of "historicism. " The true point of the "controversies " was whether historical or physicochemical methods should have priority in geological studies. To Hunahashi, it was on historical methods; however, he never denied the other methods. That is, he was not a man of "historicism. " He thought that "historicity " was found within such micro structures as the irregularity of mineral crystals. The more details could he observe, the more precise his understanding of "historicity " would be. Therefore, employing physicochemical methods for more detailed observations was matter of course to him. Some of his researches even suggest that he tried to unify both of the approaches. The reason he was seen as a "historicist " is that Hunahashi thought his opponents were "physicochemicalists. " Actually, they (S. BANNO, K. ITO, and A. MIYASHIRO) were well aware of "historicity " and never "physico- chemicalists. " Consequently, Hunahashi's claims became as if he had been criticizing all physicochemical methods as "physicochemicalism. " Criticized as if they had been "physicochemicalists, " Miyashiro, et. al. had to argue back that Hunahashi's claim was a sort of "historicist " arguments. The "controversies " also have political and ideological contexts. These will be discussed in later papers.

著者

栃内 文彦 杉山 滋郎

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.220, pp.205-214, 2001 (Released:2021-08-16)

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Seitaro Tsuboi, a professor of petrology at the Imperial University of Tokyo, played the central role in introducing Bowen's theory to the petrological community in Japan before World War II. Influenced by his predecessors, Tsuboi became interested in so called "new petrology " employing physicochemical methods. To Tsuboi, Bowen's theory was the most important amoung them. Based on both his uniquely developed optical method to examine minerals and his own research philosophy, he could add more details to Bowen's theory. Facts suggest that Tsuboi's study was received certain recognition in his days. However, it does not mean that Bowen's theory was either well accepted or deeply understood since such a "new petrology " was not necessary for the majority of researchers who employed traditional descriptive methods. Although no strong dislike to Bowen's theory came up, some petrologists felt somewhat uneasy about the research methods. Nevertheless, there were not serious controversies between Tsuboi and those scholars partly because their understanding the theory and physicochemical methods was not deep enough to develop effective criticisms and partly because the theory and Tsuboi's methods were not widely penetrated into the community. However, after World War II, serious controversies around the theory came up where Tsuboi was criticized as a man of formalism who neglected the observed facts. The fact was that Tsuboi actually always kept it in his mind that Bowen's theory was neither perfect nor absolutely true; therefore, he pursued the logical clarity between theoretically induced ideas and observed facts. These will be discussed in later papers.

著者

栃内 文彦 札野 順 西村 秀雄 岡部 幸徳 金光 秀和 夏目 賢一 金 永鍾 デイビス マイケル プール イボー・ファン・ダ ピーターソン マーティン ニッケル フィリップ バーグ ポール・ファン・デン ワグナー-ツカモト シグモンド

出版者

金沢工業大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2012-04-01

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社会のグローバル化を十分に踏まえた技術者倫理教育のための教材開発に資するべく、日・米・蘭の三カ国で技術者の価値観についての実証的比較研究を行ない、以下の成果を挙げた:1)「ソーラーブラインド(英語吹替版)」を用いたケースメソッド型の事例教材パッケージの開発、2)「技術者が重視すべき価値がモノづくりの現場においてどの程度重視されているか」に関する、日・米・蘭の工科系大学で学ぶ学生間における認識の違いの明確化、3)技術者倫理教育・研究ネットワークの拡大、4)現在行なっている技術者倫理教育のための教材開発への貢献、5)モノづくりにおけるアジア・イスラム的価値観に関する調査・研究の基盤構築。

著者

栃内 文彦 研谷 紀夫 玉井 建也 山本 博文 佐倉 統 宮本 隆史 佐野 貴司 添野 勉 飯野 洋

出版者

金沢工業大学

雑誌

挑戦的萌芽研究

巻号頁・発行日

2012-04-01

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近現代科学史資料の体系的・効率的な収集・保存のための方法論の確立に向けた実践的考察を、東京大学大学院情報学環社会情報研究資料センター収蔵の地質学者・坪井誠太郎に関する資料(以下、「坪井資料」)の調査を通して行った。資料調査の結果、坪井資料が日本地質学史研究において高い価値を有することが示された。こうした資料の収集・保管に際しては、資料の付加価値を高めるためにも、研究者に着目して<研究者資料>として資料を体系化することが有効であることを実証することができた。