著者

親川 貴矢 小倉 暢之

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会研究報告. 九州支部. 3, 計画系 (ISSN:13438395)

巻号頁・発行日

no.54, pp.5-8, 2015-03-01

著者

中島 親寛 池田 孝之 小倉 暢之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.566, pp.105-111, 2003-04-30 (Released:2017-02-09)

被引用文献数

2 2

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The purpose of this paper is to make clear the following : (1) the Okinawa Housing Corporation was organized and this organization had the characteristic of housing project. (2) the Okinawa Housing Corporation had the characteristic technique and details of the planning management technology. (3) It is defined that the Okinawa Housing Corporation carried out a housing policy in postwar Okinawa The results are as follows : (1) The Okinawa housing corporation was an organization, which was able to do everything from construction to housing management in the background of legislation. (2) The main planning management technology had been carried out by established specifications. (3)The method of a continuous housing supply was carried out in the background of legislation, organization, and planning management technology.

著者

金城 春野 小倉 暢之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.744, pp.307-314, 2018 (Released:2018-02-28)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

3 2

---

More than 75,000 emergency houses, called the standard prefabricated house, were built in Okinawa after the war in approximately four years, beginning in 1946, which made a great contribution to reconstruction. The standard prefabricated house was designed by a local architect named Hisao Nakaza (1904-1962) at the U.S. naval military government Okinawa public works department on Nov. 30, 1945. The purpose of this study is to clarify the details of the situation about the process, the design and the supply system of the standard prefabricated house, and to also clarify the actual factor of the massive and quick supply. This paper consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 describes the background based on the career and articles of Nakaza and why he began to design the standard house. According to his career, he had experience with evacuation house construction in wartime. After the experience was evaluated, Nakaza designed the standard house at the U. S. naval military government Okinawa public works department. Chapter 2 considers the standard house plan situation of the U.S. naval government from directions. The naval government gave orders that let local people resettle from camps to their original places of residence on October 23, 1945. Therefore, the government had to supply houses. The direction of October 31, 1945 shows the design guide of the houses. It is thought that the scale and materials of the standard prefabricated house were decided based on this. Chapter 3 analyzes the design drawing. The standard prefabricated house responded to the situation of a lack of engineers in that the frames of the walls and roof trusses were designed as prefabs which were produced at a factory. Furthermore, the design can respond to the lack of material flexibly, and the choice of finishing materials depending on the local situation is possible. Chapter 4 investigates Nakaza's article and the Okinawa public works department relations documents, and understands the supply system. For approximately four months, from January to May in 1946, the constructions were instructed by three people, including Nakaza. From the period of May, 1946 to the end of 1949, constructions were carried out by an organized system by the public works department of Okinawa civil administration. The department was able to settle the U.S. government budget directly. Architectural division managed the material yards and carried out construction by construction units. In addition, motor pools of the land transport division took transports. Chapter 5 analyzes the monthly construction number on the activity reports of the U.S. military government and assumes the construction end time. Construction was carried out most actively during the periods from the beginning of 1946 to mid 1947. The first action system was good; more than 4,000 houses a month in December, 1946 and January, 1947 were built. There are construction reports until October, 1949, which show that the houses were built until about the end of 1949. A total of about 76,815 houses were supplied within four years, from January, 1946 to October, 1949. As above, the standard prefabricated house was designed by architect Hisao Nakaza, and supervised by the U.S. military government, and managed by local government, and constructed by mutual support among residents. The main reasons to be able to serve a large quantity and quick supply are as follows. (1) The houses were a prefabricated type which the residents could easily build. (2) The design could respond to the lack of material flexibly, and the choice of finishing materials depending on the local situation was possible. (3) The compact organization system could perform the stocking, manufacturing, sending, and budgeting execution of the construction.

著者

福島 駿介 小倉 暢之 屋比久 祐盛 山里 将樹

出版者

一般財団法人 住総研

雑誌

住宅建築研究所報 (ISSN:02865947)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.385-394, 1986 (Released:2018-05-01)

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本研究は沖縄における民家の発展過程を木工技術に着目し,歴史的,地域的背景との関わりにおいて総合的に明らかにしようとするものであり,これまで沖縄の文化史の中で断片的に扱われてきた木工技術を中心とする民家の発展過程に少しでも脈絡を与える事を意図している。本章は7章よりなるが,第1章「研究の目的と背景」では琉球王朝の中国及び日本との関わりと,その政策的背景の歴史を概観し,第2章「調査概要」で実地調査の方法,対象を説明している。第3章「民家形態」では沖縄において穴屋と貫屋が相互に関わり合いながら発展してきた様子を述べ,日本本土との長い影響関係の中で定着した貫屋技術について沖縄の風土に対する独特な構法的,形態的対応の様子を明らかにした。第4章「木工技術の継承」では沖縄の木工技術と職人の歴史は中国よりむしろ日本本土との交流に負うところが多い事,そしてその関係もかなり古く遡り得ることを明らかにした。又,沖縄における様々な構法的特色について述べている。第5章「建築材料」では大径材の不足する沖縄における行政的努カの過程と用材入手の歴史的,地域的な経路について述べ,又,木材入手の困難さと経済的要因に対応して用材確保と耐久性増加のための工夫がなされている事を明らかにした。第6章「建築儀礼と生産組織」では,沖縄においてみられる様々な建築的仕来りに,構法における場合と異なり,中国の風水等の影響が強く表われている事,そして沖縄における結組織とその建築生産過程への関わり方について明らかにした。

著者

カムルジャマン エムディ 小倉 暢之

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.627, pp.947-954, 2008-05-30

被引用文献数

2 7

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バングラデシュの首都ダッカは、1970年代以降類例を殆ど見ない急激な人口増加に伴い、住宅供給が著しく不足している。そこで、本研究では、首都人口の約半分を占める下級及び中級の中所得層のための住宅問題に焦点をあて、統計資料と現地調査を基に、住宅の取得可能性とその選択肢について考察した。その結果、住宅コスト構成要素の中でも地価の占める割合が著しく、これが彼らの住宅取得を困難にしている現状が明らかになった。そして、こうした状況の中で、住宅規模、積層形態、設備及び仕上げの多様な標準の組み合わせにより、中所得層に適したコストダウンの可能性についての分析も行い、地価の高低に対応した6種の住宅モードにおいて同所得層に適した住宅タイプの選択肢を導いた。すなわち、地価が中間価格帯以下にある立地では、住宅床面積の上限を凡そ37m^2から44m^2として、設備の共有又は占有、仕上げレベルの選択等の組み合わせにより、多くの対象層に健全で多様な都市住居取得の可能性がある事を明らかにした。

著者

金城 春野 小倉 暢之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.750, pp.1533-1542, 2018 (Released:2018-08-30)

参考文献数

38

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Hisao Nakaza was one of a handful of architects who contributed to building activities in Okinawa before, during, and after the Second World War. He engaged in the post-war recovery construction in the forefront immediately after the war, and later served as the first president of the Okinawa Society of Architects & Building Engineers (O.S.A.B.E.). Nakaza was a pioneer who represented Okinawan architectural society in the early post-war period. This study defines the period before 1960 as the dawn of concrete house popularization in Okinawa and aims to clarify the aspects of the development of architecture in Okinawa during this period, examining the architectural activity of Hisao Nakaza, who played a leading role in laying the foundation for the spread of concrete buildings. Results obtained from each section are as follows: 1) Nakaza was engaged in the public construction work in Okinawa before the war. That experience correlated to his active involvement of public work of American Army immediately after the war and he obtained advanced technologies. He employed masonry construction methods, utilizing local materials from 1950 to 1953 when material procurement and factory equipment were incomplete for the Reinforced-Concrete (RC) building. After 1954, he made the most of the properties of RC building, which made free form possible and also designs were changed. He was also devoted to designing activities and writing activities for magazines and newspapers and enlightened people on the dissemination of non-wooden buildings. 2) During his tenure as the President of the O.S.A.B.E., Nakaza organized discussion meetings of engineers and competitions of farm house design. Discussion meetings promoted the common consciousness of the dissemination of concrete housing among the engineers. Competitions nurtured young architects and at the same time offered the opportunities to make people known a new image of farmers' housing. Furthermore, interactions between Japanese and American engineers staying in Okinawa through meeting led to the publication of booklets about rural houses. In addition, requirements for concrete housing suitable for the land and climate were presented. Furthermore, financing facilities and tax system revisions for the establishment of concrete buildings were requested to government. 3) In the development of housing design, starting from 1949, masonry construction was performed for two years. After stone building and brick building were examined, non-wooden building was fulfilled. Concrete block (CB) building was introduced to build plumbing water parts of wooden houses around 1955, which improves durability, sanitation and handiness. CB building was frequently employed between 1952 and the beginning of 1955, which were designed by taking into consideration the climate features of the region from the beginning of the first introduction. The farmer house model of CB building was opened to the public and earned a great response. Finally, RC building entered the mainstream in 1956. At the same time, screen blocks were created and frequently utilized. The shape of screen blocks was contrived where both usability and exquisite design were found for the subtropical climate of Okinawa. As stated above, Hisao Nakaza was dedicated to the activities of the dissemination of concrete housing in diversified fields such as technical aspect (design), publicity (writing to enlighten people) finance (request for the support of financial policies) and education (cultivate architect at O.S.A.B.E). This study examined the process of Okinawan architecture after the war and revealed that the history of modernization was based on not only the unilateral receiving of advanced technology under military occupation but also the initiative struggle of the local architect, Nakaza, with roots in the region of Okinawa.

著者

下地 鉄郎 小倉 暢之 田上 健一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

学術講演梗概集. F-2, 建築歴史・意匠 (ISSN:13414542)

巻号頁・発行日

no.2000, pp.323-324, 2000-07-31

著者

カルファン アモール カルファン 小倉 暢之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.656, pp.2507-2515, 2010

被引用文献数

1

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This paper exemplifies conservation through external sources in a developing country where internal sources can hardly meet the demands to safeguard their historic heritage. The paper draws attention to conservation activities of external sources in the heritage Stone Town of Zanzibar and unveils their influence on sustaining a built heritage. It was found that, external sources are instrumental to take the heritage to the world stage and play a significant role in revamping it from stagnant conservation. However, practices in the country render the ultimate results of these sources rather detrimental to warrant a sustainable effect.

著者

佐藤 樹典 小倉 暢之 入江 徹

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.755, pp.269-275, 2019

被引用文献数

1

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&nbsp;This study aims to consider the value and possibility of a design method that integrates regional design and environmental design, through the five proposals in the competition for the new House of Parliament.<br>&nbsp;The major argument was how to integrate the modernism style and Thai regional design and, at the same time, the architectural ideology for responding to environmental and economic issues pervaded in Thailand.<br>&nbsp;The 5 proposals that made the final judgment stage of the design competition for the new House of Parliament suggest an aspect of a Thai architectural image that responds to demands from a society and an age. All 5 of the final proposals decide their form originating from regional design, but the judgment uses a system that also evaluates their environmental efficiencies. Thus, ways of suggesting national identity as well as improving environmental performance were expected, namely the way of integrating regional design and environmental design.<br>&nbsp;The environmental designs affecting the forms of the 5 proposals respond to the rating credits of LEED2009, which are related to heat island effects and energy efficiency. Especially, reducing heat load is an essential factor among the 5 proposals, not only to be recognized by LEED but also to clear the OTTV&middot;RTTV rating system that has operated in Thailand for many years.<br>&nbsp;And it is clarified that integrating methods are classified into two types according with types of environmental design, the &ldquo;Supplemental environmental design: incorporate supplementary environmental design into form based on regional design,&rdquo; and the &ldquo;Interactive environmental design: both regional design and environmental design affect deeply for the process of deciding the form.&rdquo; Furthermore, these integrating methods are classified into two types of expression, the &ldquo;Similized regional design&rdquo; and the &ldquo;Metaphorical regional design&rdquo;.<br>&nbsp;Through this design competition, it is suggested that architectural compositions that integrate regional design and environmental design are formulated in this age, in which both factors are demanded. These methods are also adaptable for other building types as possibilities for contemporary architecture observing through the tendency of architects in the age placing a high priority on environmental performance considering the effects of the environmental rating system on architectural compositions.

著者

金城 春野 小倉 暢之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.750, pp.1533-1542, 2018

---

&nbsp;Hisao Nakaza was one of a handful of architects who contributed to building activities in Okinawa before, during, and after the Second World War. He engaged in the post-war recovery construction in the forefront immediately after the war, and later served as the first president of the Okinawa Society of Architects & Building Engineers (O.S.A.B.E.). Nakaza was a pioneer who represented Okinawan architectural society in the early post-war period.<br>&nbsp;This study defines the period before 1960 as the dawn of concrete house popularization in Okinawa and aims to clarify the aspects of the development of architecture in Okinawa during this period, examining the architectural activity of Hisao Nakaza, who played a leading role in laying the foundation for the spread of concrete buildings. Results obtained from each section are as follows:<br>&nbsp;1) Nakaza was engaged in the public construction work in Okinawa before the war. That experience correlated to his active involvement of public work of American Army immediately after the war and he obtained advanced technologies. He employed masonry construction methods, utilizing local materials from 1950 to 1953 when material procurement and factory equipment were incomplete for the Reinforced-Concrete (RC) building. After 1954, he made the most of the properties of RC building, which made free form possible and also designs were changed. He was also devoted to designing activities and writing activities for magazines and newspapers and enlightened people on the dissemination of non-wooden buildings.<br>&nbsp;2) During his tenure as the President of the O.S.A.B.E., Nakaza organized discussion meetings of engineers and competitions of farm house design. Discussion meetings promoted the common consciousness of the dissemination of concrete housing among the engineers. Competitions nurtured young architects and at the same time offered the opportunities to make people known a new image of farmers' housing. Furthermore, interactions between Japanese and American engineers staying in Okinawa through meeting led to the publication of booklets about rural houses. In addition, requirements for concrete housing suitable for the land and climate were presented. Furthermore, financing facilities and tax system revisions for the establishment of concrete buildings were requested to government.<br>&nbsp;3) In the development of housing design, starting from 1949, masonry construction was performed for two years. After stone building and brick building were examined, non-wooden building was fulfilled. Concrete block (CB) building was introduced to build plumbing water parts of wooden houses around 1955, which improves durability, sanitation and handiness. CB building was frequently employed between 1952 and the beginning of 1955, which were designed by taking into consideration the climate features of the region from the beginning of the first introduction. The farmer house model of CB building was opened to the public and earned a great response. Finally, RC building entered the mainstream in 1956. At the same time, screen blocks were created and frequently utilized. The shape of screen blocks was contrived where both usability and exquisite design were found for the subtropical climate of Okinawa.<br>&nbsp;As stated above, Hisao Nakaza was dedicated to the activities of the dissemination of concrete housing in diversified fields such as technical aspect (design), publicity (writing to enlighten people) finance (request for the support of financial policies) and education (cultivate architect at O.S.A.B.E).<br>&nbsp;This study examined the process of Okinawan architecture after the war and revealed that the history of modernization was based on not only the unilateral receiving of advanced technology under military occupation but also the initiative struggle of the local architect, Nakaza, with roots in the region of Okinawa.

著者

金城 春野 小倉 暢之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.744, pp.307-314, 2018

被引用文献数

2

---

&nbsp;More than 75,000 emergency houses, called the standard prefabricated house, were built in Okinawa after the war in approximately four years, beginning in 1946, which made a great contribution to reconstruction. The standard prefabricated house was designed by a local architect named Hisao Nakaza (1904-1962) at the U.S. naval military government Okinawa public works department on Nov. 30, 1945.<br>&nbsp;The purpose of this study is to clarify the details of the situation about the process, the design and the supply system of the standard prefabricated house, and to also clarify the actual factor of the massive and quick supply. This paper consists of five chapters.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 1 describes the background based on the career and articles of Nakaza and why he began to design the standard house. According to his career, he had experience with evacuation house construction in wartime. After the experience was evaluated, Nakaza designed the standard house at the U. S. naval military government Okinawa public works department.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 2 considers the standard house plan situation of the U.S. naval government from directions. The naval government gave orders that let local people resettle from camps to their original places of residence on October 23, 1945. Therefore, the government had to supply houses. The direction of October 31, 1945 shows the design guide of the houses. It is thought that the scale and materials of the standard prefabricated house were decided based on this.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 3 analyzes the design drawing. The standard prefabricated house responded to the situation of a lack of engineers in that the frames of the walls and roof trusses were designed as prefabs which were produced at a factory. Furthermore, the design can respond to the lack of material flexibly, and the choice of finishing materials depending on the local situation is possible.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 4 investigates Nakaza's article and the Okinawa public works department relations documents, and understands the supply system. For approximately four months, from January to May in 1946, the constructions were instructed by three people, including Nakaza. From the period of May, 1946 to the end of 1949, constructions were carried out by an organized system by the public works department of Okinawa civil administration. The department was able to settle the U.S. government budget directly. Architectural division managed the material yards and carried out construction by construction units. In addition, motor pools of the land transport division took transports.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 5 analyzes the monthly construction number on the activity reports of the U.S. military government and assumes the construction end time. Construction was carried out most actively during the periods from the beginning of 1946 to mid 1947. The first action system was good; more than 4,000 houses a month in December, 1946 and January, 1947 were built. There are construction reports until October, 1949, which show that the houses were built until about the end of 1949. A total of about 76,815 houses were supplied within four years, from January, 1946 to October, 1949.<br>&nbsp;As above, the standard prefabricated house was designed by architect Hisao Nakaza, and supervised by the U.S. military government, and managed by local government, and constructed by mutual support among residents.<br>&nbsp;The main reasons to be able to serve a large quantity and quick supply are as follows. (1) The houses were a prefabricated type which the residents could easily build. (2) The design could respond to the lack of material flexibly, and the choice of finishing materials depending on the local situation was possible. (3) The compact organization system could perform the stocking, manufacturing, sending, and budgeting execution of the construction.

著者

金城 春野 小倉 暢之

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会研究報告. 九州支部. 3, 計画系

巻号頁・発行日

no.55, pp.637-640, 2016-03

著者

佐藤 樹典 小倉 暢之 入江 徹

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会研究報告. 九州支部. 3, 計画系

巻号頁・発行日

no.55, pp.717-720, 2016-03

著者

島袋 祐一 金城 春野 小倉 暢之

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会研究報告. 九州支部. 3, 計画系

巻号頁・発行日

no.55, pp.33-36, 2016-03

著者

タンミット ナヤタット 金城 春野 入江 徹 小倉 暢之

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会研究報告. 九州支部. 3, 計画系

巻号頁・発行日

no.55, pp.177-180, 2016-03