著者

平野 亮

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 : 教育史学会紀要 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.84-96, 2013-10-01

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The purpose of this paper is to examine phrenological system of "faculties" and to point out its significance in the history of education. While phrenology was very popular and favored by many educators in the West in 19th century, it tends to have been overlooked in the studies of educational history because it is typical example of pseudo-science. However, as a number of phrenologists affirmed, the department in which Phrenology was destined to produce the happiest results was education. That is because phrenological concept of faculty enabled them to apply the theory to the practice. Needless to say, the concept of faculty, or ability, is a subject of great importance to education. In this paper, phrenology and education are discussed from the perspective of historical formation of the concept of faculty. The theory known as phrenology originated with German physician F. J. Gall (1758-1828). According to the basic tenets of Gall's system of cerebral localization, one could read the intellectual aptitudes and character traits through an examination of the shape of the head. While Gall never approved the term "Phrenology," his system was popularized by J. G. Spurzheim (1776-1832), his former assistant, under the name of phrenology. Phrenology had a profound influence on the development of some of the modern sciences. Spurzheim modified Gall's system tactically and critically. At first he denied Gall's nomenclature and renamed most of the faculties. Secondly, he divided and subdivided the class of mental faculties, according to the common practice of natural history at that time. In addition, Spurzheim stressed the two following points: (1) Every phrenological faculty can be developed through education. (2) No faculty in itself is bad, but can be misused. Indeed, Spurzheim was responsible for the establishment of phrenology as faculty psychology, and his idea of educability led the study of phrenology to focus on education. As he explained, in phrenology, education was faculty-oriented; that is, education entailed working on the mind and body of man to excite, exercise, guide and determine the good uses, and to prevent the abuses of different faculties. By focusing on the phrenological concept of faculty, this paper shows that it created a fundamental model of discourse in modern education.

著者

平野 亮

出版者

神戸大学

雑誌

研究論叢 (ISSN:09197664)

巻号頁・発行日

no.20, pp.39-51, 2014-06-30

著者

平野 亮

出版者

神戸大学

雑誌

神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要 (ISSN:18822851)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.37-46, 2010-03

著者

小池 利彦 平野 亮

出版者

神戸大学

雑誌

鶴山論叢 (ISSN:13463888)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.91*-115*, 2010-03

著者

平野 亮 原田 利宣 床井浩平

雑誌

情報処理学会論文誌 (ISSN:18827764)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.8, pp.2028-2035, 2012-08-15

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本研究では,拡張現実感により現実空間における光源環境を再現し,その中で対数美的曲面をシミュレーションするシステムを開発した.具体的には,精密な拡散反射色で曲面の映り込みを再現するため,金属半球に反射した光源環境を球面調和解析した結果を用いてレンダリングを行った.また,開発したシステムを用いて,様々な光源環境下(晴天,曇天,夕日)における曲面の印象の違いに関する評価実験を行い,光源環境が曲面の印象に与える影響を明確にした.

著者

平野 亮

出版者

一般社団法人日本教育学会

雑誌

日本教育学会大會研究発表要項

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, pp.172-173, 2009-08-12

著者

平野 亮太 田中 譲

出版者

一般社団法人情報処理学会

雑誌

情報処理学会論文誌 (ISSN:18827764)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.6, pp.1684-1693, 2001-06-15

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部品の再利用と,組立て方式によるアプリケーション開発では,アプリケーションの仕様をいくつかの部分的な仕様に分解し,個々の部分的仕様を満たす部品を合成部品に組み立てることで,目的のアプリケーションを構築することができる.こうしたアプリケーション開発を支援するには,分解,再合成可能なアプリケーションの仕様記述法が必要である.また,大量のソフトウェア部品を管理し,仕様の類似性に基づく部品検索を実現する必要がある.本論では,著者らが提案した部品の抽象的な仕様記述を,部品の型記述として利用した類似部品検索の実現方式について述べる.部品の管理手法は,部品の型記述における半順序関係の定義を行い,その関係を表す一般化階層構造(束)を利用するものを提案する.また,ハッシュ法を用いることで,部品検索の高速化を図る.In our previous research, we introduced a component--pattern description method, based on IntelligentPad architecture, to describe the interface and the abstract behavior of each component. In this paper, we apply component--pattern descriptions to the search for desired components within a component library. The characteristics of component--pattern description method are the establishment of methods for composition and decomposition of patterns, and the use of the same form both for individual components and composites. Consequently, we can decompose a pattern into subpatterns, and later assemble the components that match those subpatterns to form composite results. For managing patterns, we propose a lattice structure representing the partial order over the patterns. We also introduce a coding method for pattern descriptions, and a hashing method for improving the efficiency of pattern search.

著者

平野 亮

出版者

兵庫教育大学

雑誌

若手研究

巻号頁・発行日

2019-04-01

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骨相学は,19世紀前半の西洋世界を席巻した「脳科学」であり,その社会的・文化的影響については欧米を中心につとに研究の蓄積をみる。しかし,開化期以降の日本にも教育分野を含めた様々な領域でその流入が認められるにも拘わらず,これまでまとまった検討はなされてこなかった。そこで本研究では,①骨相学の流入・受容・展開についての広く文化的な概説史,②その理論が骨相学と知りながら受容した教育分野の歴史,③そうとは知らずに影響を被っていた教育分野の歴史,の3つのアプローチでこの主題に取り組む。近代以降の日本の教育学・思想の源流を探ると同時に,「啓蒙」時代の日本の一つの文化史を描き出すことを目指す。

著者

平野 亮策 松田 基子 神崎 浩

出版者

大阪体育大学

雑誌

大阪体育大学紀要 (ISSN:02891190)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.19-27, 2002-07-01

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The international spread of judo has passed the time more than a century yet. It can also be regarded as a process of growing a competitive game. The game rules of IJF that was enacted in 1974 has not been corrected greatly even today. In such a situation, the increase of the ratio of the Ippon - Gachi is astonishing. This study explores the background of the phenomenon and is going to clarify the meaning of the phenomenon of the recur- rence toward the Ippon-Gachi and a prospective view. As a conclusion, the internationalization process of judo can be regarded as the flow from the Kano-judo to clothes wrestling (JUDO) and to the international judo which is grounded on a game culture. However, we have to think that the judo seen today is not the phenomenon of the recurrence toward the Ippon-Gachi. An important future subject is how to face the inconsistency of the game rules which has formed the point system iudo.