著者

梅田 博之

出版者

The Linguistic Society of Japan

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, no.106, pp.1-22, 1994-11-30 (Released:2007-10-23)

参考文献数

23

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In the Seoul dialect, the pronunciation of vowels is different according to the age of speakers, and so the vowel system is also different. Generally speaking, speakers over sixty years of age pronounce the vowel e in two ways;one is [*] and the other is [*:].The former [*] corresponds to the Middle Korean vowel e in a low or high accent and the latter [*:] to e in a low-high accent.These two vowels appear almost complementary to each other, i.e. [*] appears as a short vowel and [*] appears as a long vowel in most cases.In spite of that, I think that each of these two vowels falls to a different phoneme for the following reasons: (1)each vowel of the Seoul dialect, except [*] and [*], has an opposition of quantity in the word-initial syllable, but the sound value of a long vowel is not different from the correspnding short vowel, (2) usually, [*] appears as a long vowel and [*] as a short vowel, but there are a few examples where [*] appears as a short vowel and we can also find a few examples where [*] appears as a long vowel.Therefore I consider [*] and [*] correspond to different phonemes.Consequently, there are nine vowel phonemes, /i, e, e, a, a, o, u, i, a/;and each vowel has the opposition of quantity in the word-initial syllable in older people's pronunciation.The vowel system of speakers over sixty years of age is shown as [2] of table 1.In contrast to older speakers, younger people have a very simple vowel system which consists of seven vowels, /i, e, a, o, u, i, A/. Thus we find the very interesting situation that speakers of the Seoul dialect have different vowel systems depending on their age group.This is the result of diachronic changes that have occurred over the last few decades.I investigated eighteen informants who were native to the mid-town area of Seoul in 1988 and 1989 to clarify how vowels changed according to the age of speakers.The types of vowel systems shown at table 1 were found in the investigation.The vowel changes according to the speakers'age groups can be pictured as shown at the table 5.[*:] of groups [1] and [2] phonemically changed into [i:] in groups [3] and [4] for basic words which they learned orally in their childhood, but in literary words they borrowed [*:] from the older people's pronunciation.[*:] was brought into the pronunciation of group [5] by the influence of the written language, i.e.spelling pronunciation, as language education began to follow a regulated curriculum from primary school, and additionally due to the analogical change in the verb conjugation which first occurs in this group. In group [6], [i:] and [*:] joins [*:] due to the increasing influence of the written language and in addition by the analogical change in verb conjugation.In group [7], long vowels lose length and accordingly [*:] changes into [A], losing lip-rounding.With respect to the front vowel opposition, group [1] and [2] have a clear distinction in initial syllables, but in non-initial syllables it hasalready disappeared as a rule except in morpheme-boundary position. Roughly speaking, most informants of groups that follow group [3] show unstable distinction even in initial syllables.Considering the above-mentioned vowel change, it can be summarized that the change goes on very gradually in each age group because it occurs under the linguistic influence of elderly groups to restrain from the change and also being receded by interference of the written language and analogical change.Thus we see the reason why the different vowel systems can exist synchronically in the same speech community.

著者

梅田 博之 浅野 孝夫

雑誌

第80回全国大会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2018, no.1, pp.161-162, 2018-03-13

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誰からも不満が出ないようにケーキを分けるにはどうすればよいか?ケーキは均一でなく、人の好み(評価関数)も様々である。これに挑むのがケーキ分割問題である。一般に(a)無羨望性=各人が他人の割当を羨まないことと(b)カット数の最小性が望まれるが、これらを同時に満たす分割を求める問題はPPAD完全である。そこでAlijaniら (AAAI,2017) は、ケーキが(ロールケーキ状の)閉区間の場合、各人の評価関数が単純(ある1つの部分区間にのみ正定数の効用を持つ)であれば、多項式時間可解と示した。本発表ではこの結果をホールケーキ版へ一般化し、多項式時間可解と示す。ここでホールケーキとは円形のケーキであり、閉区間の一般化とみなせる。

著者

梅田 博之

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, no.106, pp.1-22, 1994

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In the Seoul dialect, the pronunciation of vowels is different according to the age of speakers, and so the vowel system is also different. Generally speaking, speakers over sixty years of age pronounce the vowel e in two ways;one is [*] and the other is [*:].The former [*] corresponds to the Middle Korean vowel e in a low or high accent and the latter [*:] to e in a low-high accent.These two vowels appear almost complementary to each other, i.e. [*] appears as a short vowel and [*] appears as a long vowel in most cases.In spite of that, I think that each of these two vowels falls to a different phoneme for the following reasons: (1)each vowel of the Seoul dialect, except [*] and [*], has an opposition of quantity in the word-initial syllable, but the sound value of a long vowel is not different from the correspnding short vowel, (2) usually, [*] appears as a long vowel and [*] as a short vowel, but there are a few examples where [*] appears as a short vowel and we can also find a few examples where [*] appears as a long vowel.Therefore I consider [*] and [*] correspond to different phonemes.Consequently, there are nine vowel phonemes, /i, e, e, a, a, o, u, i, a/;and each vowel has the opposition of quantity in the word-initial syllable in older people's pronunciation.The vowel system of speakers over sixty years of age is shown as [2] of table 1.<br>In contrast to older speakers, younger people have a very simple vowel system which consists of seven vowels, /i, e, a, o, u, i, A/. Thus we find the very interesting situation that speakers of the Seoul dialect have different vowel systems depending on their age group.This is the result of diachronic changes that have occurred over the last few decades.<br>I investigated eighteen informants who were native to the mid-town area of Seoul in 1988 and 1989 to clarify how vowels changed according to the age of speakers.The types of vowel systems shown at table 1 were found in the investigation.<br>The vowel changes according to the speakers'age groups can be pictured as shown at the table 5.<br>[*:] of groups [1] and [2] phonemically changed into [i:] in groups [3] and [4] for basic words which they learned orally in their childhood, but in literary words they borrowed [*:] from the older people's pronunciation.<br>[*:] was brought into the pronunciation of group [5] by the influence of the written language, i.e.spelling pronunciation, as language education began to follow a regulated curriculum from primary school, and additionally due to the analogical change in the verb conjugation which first occurs in this group. In group [6], [i:] and [*:] joins [*:] due to the increasing influence of the written language and in addition by the analogical change in verb conjugation.<br>In group [7], long vowels lose length and accordingly [*:] changes into [A], losing lip-rounding.<br>With respect to the front vowel opposition, group [1] and [2] have a clear distinction in initial syllables, but in non-initial syllables it hasalready disappeared as a rule except in morpheme-boundary position. Roughly speaking, most informants of groups that follow group [3] show unstable distinction even in initial syllables.<br>Considering the above-mentioned vowel change, it can be summarized that the change goes on very gradually in each age group because it occurs under the linguistic influence of elderly groups to restrain from the change and also being receded by interference of the written language and analogical change.Thus we see the reason why the different vowel systems can exist synchronically in the same speech community.

著者

梅田 博之

出版者

中央大学大学院研究年報編集委員会、中央大学理工学部事務室

雑誌

大学院研究年報 理工学研究科編 (ISSN:13452428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, 2014-07-01

著者

梅田 博之

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

年次大会講演要旨集 30 (ISSN:24327131)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1061-1064, 2015-10-10 (Released:2018-01-30)

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2015年8月現時点において産学連携関連の研究は、大規模データ分析を用いたものを初めとするマクロ的な視点で論じている研究が多い。それとは対照的に、実際的・現場的ミクロな視点を持ったものは少ない。そこで本論文は私がデータ分析システムを開発・販売する会社(AIC社)を起業した経験をまとめた。内容としては起業を計画するところから、製品化断念までの実体験をまとめた。また失敗の原因の考察、考察から見えてきた製品化成功のための一仮説を掲載している。

著者

梅田 博之

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

年次学術大会講演要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.1061-1064, 2015-10-10

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2015年8月現時点において産学連携関連の研究は、大規模データ分析を用いたものを初めとするマクロ的な視点で論じている研究が多い。それとは対照的に、実際的・現場的ミクロな視点を持ったものは少ない。そこで本論文は私がデータ分析システムを開発・販売する会社(AIC社)を起業した経験をまとめた。内容としては起業を計画するところから、製品化断念までの実体験をまとめた。また失敗の原因の考察、考察から見えてきた製品化成功のための一仮説を掲載している。

著者

伊藤 大志 坂口 文則 梅田 博之

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. IT, 情報理論

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.494, pp.13-18, 1997-01-24

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確率過程の識別における検定の誤り確率はダイバージェンスと深い関係があり, 大偏差原理の関係が知られている. 本報告では, 自己修正点過程に忘却性を持たせたものを確率点過程のモデルとし, マルコフ連鎖近似の極限を用いて点過程のダイバージェンス・レートを導出する. 次に, 忘却のある自己修正点過程を判別するために仮説検定のシミュレーションを行い, 求めたダイバージェンス・レートと検定の誤り確率との関係が大偏差原理に沿うものであることを調べる. また, 忘却の度合を変化させることにより, 大偏差原理の関係式からのずれがどのようなふるまいをみせるかを調べる.

著者

梅田 博之

出版者

麗澤大学大学院言語教育研究科

雑誌

言語と文明 : 論集 (ISSN:21859752)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.93-100, 2012-03