著者

阿部 雅子 相野田 紀子 岡崎 恵子 熊井 和子 沢島 政行 本庄 巌 渡辺 陽子

出版者

日本音声言語医学会

雑誌

音声言語医学 (ISSN:00302813)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.148-155, 1980-04-25 (Released:2010-06-22)

被引用文献数

32 6

著者

沢島 政行 堀口 利之 新美 成二

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

一般研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

1986

---

気流阻止法を用いて、正常者における発声時の呼気圧,呼気流率と声の強さの関係を検討した。対象は成人男子30名、女子36名であった。発声条件は、声の高さとして、各人の話声位、および5度高い地声とした。声の高さはピアノの音で与えた。声の強さは、中等度,弱い声,強い声の3種類とし、各人の主観的判断にまかせて発声させた。測定は、各発声時の声の基本振動数(Hz),声の強さ(dB SPL),呼気流率(ml/sec),呼気圧(mm【H_2】O)の4種の値の同時測定である。結果は以下の通り。1)声の強さは流量計開口部から20cmの距離で60〜90dB SPLの範囲に分布し、話声位、5度高い声の間に差はなかった。2)呼気圧は、上記の声の強さの範囲で男女共に水柱20mm〜150mmの範囲に分布し、話声位、5度高い声の間に差はなかった。声の強さの増加と共に呼気圧は上昇した。3)呼気流率は、男女共に毎秒70〜350ml/Secの間に分布し、声の高さによる差はなかった。また声の強さを増しても、呼気流率は必ずしも増加しなかった。4)声の強さと呼気圧,声の強さと呼気流率,それぞれの比を計算すると、この値は、声の強さと共に一定の増加を示していた。すなわち、呼気圧,呼気流率共に、声門における呼気-音源の変換の効率が、声の強さと共に変化することが示された。このような効率と強さの関係を考慮して、病的症例の検査結果の評価を行なうべきである。5)呼気圧と声門下圧との関係は、呼気流率が少ない時はその差が無視されるが、呼気流率が増加した場合は、適当な補正により、呼気圧から声門下圧を推定することが可能である。

著者

癖瀬 肇 桐谷 滋 吉岡 博英 沢島 政行 牛島 達次郎

出版者

The Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan, Inc.

雑誌

日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 (ISSN:00306622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.12, pp.1475-1482, 1977-12-20 (Released:2008-03-19)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

---

By means of pellet tracking technique using an x-ray microbeam system, observations of articulatory movements were made on clinical cases of cerebellar degeneration. In some selected cases, electromyographic study was also performed. The data were specifically examined with reference to the range, velocity and consistency (reproducibility) of the movements of the articulators as well as to the pattern of coordination of the different articulators involved. It was found in the case of ataxic dysarthria of cerebellar origin, that the dynamic patterns were best repesented by difficulty in initiation of purposive movements and inconsistency of artieulatory movements, particularly in repetitive production of monosyllable. On electromyography, breakdown of the rhythmical patterns in the articulatory muscles was quite obvious in the repetition of monosyllables. It was suggested that analysis of dynamic aspects of the dysarthrias shoulc he a promising approach for elucidating the nature of central problems of speech productior and for differential diagnosis of various types of dysarthrias.

著者

沢島 政行

出版者

一般社団法人日本音響学会

雑誌

日本音響学会誌 (ISSN:03694232)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.9, pp.425-434, 1971-09-10

被引用文献数

2

---

For viewing the articulatory movements of speech organs inside the body, we have developed a new technique by use the specially designed fiberscope. There are three types of fiberscopes, the standard model, the thinner model, and the wide-angle model. The former two models were designed for observing the larynx, and the third mainly for observing the pharynx and the velum. All of them are inserted through the nasal passage in order to secure free movements of the articulatory organs during observation. Fiberscopes are basically composed of the image guide, the light guide, the objective lens, and the eye piece(Fig. 1). The image guide is a bundle of aligned("coherent")glass fibers and it transmits the image from one end coupled to the objective lens, to the other end coupled to the eye piece, while the light guide conducts the light for illumination from a light source to the object. The two bundles form a flexible cable of the scope. The diameter of each glass fiber is 9 microns for the image guide and 22 microns for the light guide. In a control unit there is an angle lever to which thin wire is attached and runs to the tip of the flexible cable for the remote bending control of the tip portion. A cine-camera can be attached to the eye piece by means of an adapter. The standard mode, animproved version of the model we first reported in 1968, has an outside diameter of 5. 5 mm at the tip. The objective lens gives an image field angle of 44 degrees, and the object to lens distance ranges from 15 to 50 mm. A light source of 300 W xenon lamp gives sufficient illuminations for the glottis for motion pictures at a rate of, for example, 64 frames per sec. , giving an image size of 6×6 mm^2 on the film. Photographic emulsion of ASA 500 is used. The thinner model which was more recently designed has an outside diameter of 4. 4 mm at the tip. The image size on the film is approximately 4×4 mm^2 when the same adapter as in the standard model is used. In respect to the image resolution, it is somewhat inferior to the standard model. The wide-angle model has an outside diameter comparable with the standard one, the objective lens giving a field angle of 65 degrees and a lens to object distance range of 7 mm to infinity. The image size on the film is designed to be the same as the thinner model. Before the insertion of the scope, a surface anesthesia is applied to the nasal cavity and the epipharynx. Positioning of the scope(Fig. 2 and 8) is quite easy and does not cause any discomfort or disturbance to the subject in performing natural utterances. By visual inspection and some quantitative measurement of the photographic images of the larynx, frame by frame, we can analyze the opening and closing gestures of the glottis as well as the presence or absence of the vocal fold vibration during consonant articulations(Fig. 4). When the vocal pitch is controlled, an apparent change in the distance between the arytenoid and the epiglottis, and the up and down movements of the larynx are usually observable(Fig. 5). A combination of the transillumination technique(photoelectric glottography) with the fiberscopic observation(Fig. 6) provides useful data for detailed analysis of the rapid changes in the glottal conditions(Fig. 7). Some phonetic data of the laryngeal adjustments in speech have been reported elsewhere. Use of the wide-angle model for viewing the pharynx and the velum is now in the stage of preliminary experiment. Results are quite promising. A brief review is also presented on other techniques being employed for observing articulatory movements of the speech organs. The techniques mentioned are:ordinary cineradiography, the new technique of computer controlled tracking of moving objects with use of an x-ray microbeam, the photoelectric(transillumination) method, the ultrasonic measurement, the electrical glottography, and the dynamic palatography.