1 0 0 0 セル画の保存のための環境条件の最適化に向けた研究
日本国内ではこれまでに多数のセル・アニメーションが制作され、その過程で制作されたセル画は膨大な数に上る。近年アニメーションの文化的価値が認知され、セル画を含む中間制作物の保存の重要性が認識されている。しかし、合成樹脂を含む複合材料で制作されたセル画の保存に必要な各構成材料の劣化の機序、各材料が劣化した際の他の材料への相互影響については十分に検証されているとは言い難い。本研究ではセル画の保存に関する現況を調査するとともに、各材料に対して周辺環境がおよぼす影響と材料間の相互影響を評価し、セル画の長期保存に最適な環境の条件の解明を目指す。これを基にセル画を保存する際の環境の指針の提案を試みる。
1 0 0 0 OA 江戸時代に製造された火縄銃の非金属介在物の組成と構造
- 著者
- 田中 眞奈子 北田 正弘
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 日本金属学会
- 雑誌
- 日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.74, no.4, pp.250-257, 2010 (Released:2010-04-01)
- 参考文献数
- 16
- 被引用文献数
- 7 5
The composition and microstructure of nonmetallic inclusions of a Japanese matchlock gun, called Hinawa-ju in Japanese, fabricated in the Edo period have been investigated. The purpose of this work is to study the composition and microstructure of nonmetallic inclusions of the barrel and to obtain modern materials-science data of the raw materials of the Japanese matchlock gun. Test pieces are cut from the center and the male screw of the barrel. Nonmetallic inclusions of the barrel are observed using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The small-area concentration of a nonmetallic inclusion is obtained by electron dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). The electron backscattering pattern (EBSP) is analyzed using an ultrahigh-resolution scanning electron microscope. Fe, Si, Al, Ca, K, Mg, P, Na and Ti are detected from nonmetallic inclusions of the center of the barrel. As Ti is detected from many parts of the nonmetallic inclusions, iron sand is inferred to have been used as the raw iron material of the barrel. Nonmetallic inclusions of the center of the barrel are classified into two groups. One is a plural phase and is consisted of FeO (wustite), Fe-Si-O grains, multi-element grains and glass-rich matrix oxide. The other type is a single phase of aluminum silicate glass. Fe, Si, Al, Ti, Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Mn and S are detected from nonmetallic inclusions of the male screw of the barrel. As Ti is detected from many parts of the nonmetallic inclusions, iron sand is again thought to have been used as the raw iron material of the male screw. Nonmetallic inclusions of the male screw are of the plural phase and consist of Fe-Ti-O grains, aluminum silicate oxide and aluminum silicate glass matrix.
1 0 0 0 OA 江戸元禄時代に国友鉄砲鍛冶により製造された火縄銃の金属組織
- 著者
- 田中 眞奈子 北田 正弘
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 日本金属学会
- 雑誌
- 日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.76, no.8, pp.489-495, 2012 (Released:2012-08-01)
- 参考文献数
- 15
- 被引用文献数
- 2 1
The microstructure and mechanical properties of the steel barrel of a Japanese matchlock gun fabricated by the gunsmith Kunitomo Tokudayuu in the Edo Genroku period have been investigated. The purpose of this work is to obtain modern materials-science data for a Japanese matchlock gun fabricated by a noted Kunitomo gunsmith and to study the manufacturing technique of the steel barrel. Specimens are cut from the center, the muzzle, and the screw of the barrel. The carbon concentration is determined by chemical analysis. The microstructure and nonmetallic inclusions of the specimens are observed with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). To evaluate the hardness, Vickers hardness (Hv) is used. The inner structure of the screw is observed by X-ray radiography. The carbon concentration is 0.007 mass% in the center of the barrel and 0.07-0.3 mass% in the muzzle. The distribution of nonmetallic inclusions in the center of the barrel indicates that the barrel was fabricated by joining two long edges of a steel sheet, a technique that is called Udonbari (seamed steel pipe in Japanese). The muzzle was reinforced with steel having a higher carbon content than that of the center of the barrel by rolling the steel over the Udonbari barrel. The female screw of the barrel was made of clad steel. Both male and female screws of the barrel were made by a cutting technique.
1 0 0 0 OA 江戸時代に製造された火縄銃の金属組織
- 著者
- 田中 眞奈子 北田 正弘
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 日本金属学会
- 雑誌
- 日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.73, no.10, pp.778-785, 2009 (Released:2009-10-01)
- 参考文献数
- 10
- 被引用文献数
- 5 6
The metallurgical microstructure and mechanical properties of the steel barrel of a Japanese matchlock gun fabricated in the Edo period have been investigated. The purpose of this work is to obtain modern materials-science data of the Japanese matchlock gun and to study the manufacturing technique of the steel barrel. Test pieces are cut from the center, the muzzle and the screw of the barrel. The carbon concentration is determined by chemical analysis. The metallurgical microstructure and nonmetallic inclusions of the barrel are observed using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Test pieces for measuring the mechanical properties are cut from the gun. To evaluate the hardness, Vickers hardness (Hv) is used. The stress-strain curve, tensile strength and elongation of the gun are obtained. The carbon concentration is 0.01∼0.1mass% for the center of the barrel, 0.04∼0.1 mass% for the muzzle of the barrel, 0.05∼0.5 mass% for the front sight (Saki-meate in Japanese) and 0.13∼0.3 mass% for the male screw. The distribution of nonmetallic inclusions in the center and in the muzzle of the barrel suggest that the barrel was fabricated by a manufacturing technique called Udonbari (in Japanese). The metallurgical microstructure of the specimen taken from the muzzle of the barrel in the vertical direction suggests that the barrel and a front sight were joined mechanically. Both male and female screws were made by a cutting technique. The tensile strength and elongation are 316∼366 MPa and 25.0∼31.4%, respectively.
本研究は、X線と異なる特性を持つ中性子を用いて鉄鋼文化財を分析し、結果の総合的解析により材質や内部構造を解明すること、そして最終的には鉄鋼文化財の非破壊分析手法を確立することを目的としている。平成29年度も「研究実施計画」に沿って研究を進め、以下のように意義のある成果を得ることが出来た。(1)日本刀断片、火縄銃断片に加え、個人蔵の日本刀、火縄銃、自在置物、そして本研究の最終目標であった美術館所蔵の大変貴重な鉄鋼文化財である自在置物のSPring-8での高エネルギーX線CT測定に取り組んだ。L28B2およびBL20B2で実験を重ね、また実験条件(空間分解能、密度分解能など)の調整・改善に取り組み、日本刀のように30mm程度の厚さのある鉄文化財でも、鋼中の非金属介在物(サイズは30~60μm前後)の配列を非破壊でも明瞭に観察できるようになってきた。(2)パルス中性子透過法を用いてこれまで分析してきた試料(鉄鋼標準試料、たたら製鉄により製造され日本古来の折り返し鍛錬や鍛接などの加工を行った試料(日本刀制作過程再現試料)、和釘、火縄銃、日本刀断片など)について、ブラッグエッジ解析による詳細な解析を進めた。なかでも日本刀制作過程再現試料は、各パラメーター(格子面間隔、歪、結晶子サイズなど)毎に2Dマッピング像の作成に成功し、格子定数の変化を指標とした焼き入れ範囲の可視化など、日本刀の制作工程と結晶組織変化の関係性を非破壊で解明することが出来、大きな成果を得た。(3)試料ごとに、高エネルギーX線を用いた分析結果と、中性子を用いた分析結果の比較検証を行った。X線と中性子の相補利用により非破壊での日本刀や火縄銃、自在置物などの具体的な制作技法や材料特性が解明されてきた。(4)研究成果は、国際会議BUMAⅨなど5件の発表(うち2件が招待講演、2件が国際会議)を通して積極的に公表した。