著者

井田 大輔

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.19-45, 2019-02-15

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This paper surveys the objective of monetary policy based on the newKeynesian model (NKM). The standard NKM is supported by a microfoundationof structural equations in contrast to the traditional Keynesianmodel. Therefore, in the analysis of optimal monetary policy, the centralbank’s loss function must be supported by its micro-foundation. In theNKM, the loss function is derived from a second-order approximation of thehousehold’s utility function. More specifically, the objective of monetarypolicy aims at stabilizing both inflation and the output gap in the standardNKM. However, the standard NKM has often been criticized, because itsstructure fails to explain actual economic dynamics. Previous studies showthat the shape of the central bank’s loss function is modified in accordancewith a change in a given economic structure. This paper focuses on therelationship between such an economic structural change and the shape ofthe central bank’s loss function, derived in the corresponding model.

著者

村山 博 Hiroshi Murayama 桃山学院大学経営学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.1-37, 2007-11-20

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The old innovation was eliminating the products of the other companies from the market, spreading only the products of one's company widely, and raising the market share as much as possible. It was no longer a business goal to win the competition with the other companies after the information technology innovation. Then some companies are beginning to look for a new innovation or a business goal. That is the innovation that companies do not compete with the other companies but cooperates with the competitors in the market. The innovation consists of the competitor's bunches which harmonize both competition and accordance and can make new products and new technologies which we have never seen before. This innovation from the viewpoint of customers or markets differs from the old innovations greatly. The innovation will be indispensable in the internet community. This paper studies the innovation which cooperates with the other companies and considered the hybrid car of Toyota, the digital broadcasting of Disney, the development of the Linux software, etc. The following conclusions were reached. Vertical accordance" of this innovation carries out the synchronization of the three innovations, such as development, manufacturing, and distribution. And Horizontal accordance" of this innovation has the synergy by cooperative development and licensing with the other companies. We can call it the innovation of innovations. The local brands, merchandising rights, open source methods, cooperative research and cooperative development, licensing among other companies, the de facfo standards are the brand new innovations which cooperates with the other companies. Some companies of the specific community manufacture and sell using the same local brand. The accordance between companies by this local brand can acquire the large cost performance and the synergy which the only one company cannot acquire. It can be called the accordance innovation. The source code of the Linux software was opened to the entire world. Then, the developers connected with the Internet in the world have performed the development of the Linux software. As a result, the Linux software became such wonderful software that Microsoft is threatened. This open source method is the new accordance innovation in the internet community. This paper also studies the problems of the new innovations, such as the matter on which researchers escape from the development, the matter on which the competition stagnates, and the matter on which the standards monopolize the market.

著者

中田 信正 Nobumasa Nakata 桃山学院大学経営学部 St. Andrew's University

出版者

桃山学院大学経済経営学会

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.4, pp.319-355, 1992-03-01

著者

任 琳

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.339-375, 2014-02-28

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The Livelihood Protection Law of Japan was enacted in 1946 and revised in 1950. A livelihood protection system, which is a core of Japan's public assistance, has been applied for more than half a century. However, the livelihood protection system has never been effected a drastic reform. The system has not properly been adjusted to social changes such as aging population, declining birthrate, and structural changes in household and employment status. Due to the imperfection of Japan's social security system, the livelihood protection system has performed a function of all the last safety-net. This paper aims at explaining actual conditions of the livelihood protection in Osaka City and its influencing factors. The analysis is carried out by using municipal district data. To explain the cause of the high rate of livelihood protection in Osaka City may have an important meaning for considering improvements and reform of the Japanese livelihood protection system.

著者

松尾 純 Jun Matsuo 桃山学院大学経済学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.59-80, 2008-12-10

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Professor Noriko Maehata and I have been engaged in discussions concerning the understanding of the concept of "actual overproduction of capital" as contained in Karl Marx's Das Kapital Volume III. The discussion originated in Professor Maehata's criticism("'Law of the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall' and 'Absolute Overproduction of Capital' - An Issue in Research on the Theory of Crisis," Economic Society of Rikkyo University(Rikkyo Keizai Gaku Kenkyu), Vol. 55, No. 1, July 2001)of my understanding of "actual overproduction of capital." I immediately responded in my paper entitled, "'Actual Overproduction of Capital' and 'Absolute Overproduction of Capital' - A Response to the Criticisms of Professor Noriko Maehata -"(St. Andrew's University Economic and Business Review, Vol. 43, No. 4, March 2002). In answer to my response, Professor Maehata published a second paper entitled, "Law of the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall and Crisis - Regarding 'Actual Overproduction of Capital'"(Keizaigaku Kenkyu(Hokkaido University), Vol. 56, No. 2, November 2006). This second criticism more clearly delineated the differences in our two views. Specifically, the problems contained in Professor Maehata's understanding of "actual overproduction of capital" became very clear. The purpose of this present paper is to examine the problems in Professor Maehata's understanding of "actual overproduction of capital." In her second paper, Professor Maehata explained the mechanism of the occurrence of "actual overproduction of capital" in the form of the following causal nexus: "increased producing powers of labor → advancement of the organic composition of capital → fall in profit rate and increased mass of profit → 'concurrence among capitals("small split capitals" and "fresh branches of capital")' → rapid absorption of relative overpopulation and 'reduction' in relative overpopulation (but not its 'exhaustion')→ rise in wages → diminished degree of exploitation of labor → rapid decrease in profit rate → occurrence of 'actual overproduction of capital' → 'concurrence among capitals' → 'exhaustion' of relative overpopulation → occurrence of 'absolute overproduction of capital'." I cannot agree with Professor Maehata's explanation that "actual overproduction of capital" occurs as a result of the causal nexus: "rapid absorption of relative overpopulation → rise in wages → decrease in mass of profit → rapid decrease in profit rate." My disagreement is based on the following expositions of "actual overproduction of capital" contained in the manuscripts of Volume III of Das Kapital.(1)"Actual overproduction of capital" is the "overproduction of means of production which may serve to exploit labor at a given degree of exploitation." "A fall in the intensity of exploitation below a certain point... calls forth disturbances and stoppages in the capitalist production process, and the destruction of capital."(2)"Overproduction of capital is accompanied by more or less considerable relative overpopulation."(3)The rate of profit is lowered through the process of "increased producing powers of labor → accumulation of capital." This process simultaneously creates relative overpopulation.(4)Relative overpopulation is not employed by the surplus-capital. Even if employed, relative overpopulation would be employed at a "low degree of exploitation," which would "call forth disturbances and stoppages in the capitalist production process, and the destruction of capital." Professor Maehata makes the following argument. "Faced with a declining rate of profit, 'small split capitals' and 'fresh branches of capital' are used as capital(that is, these capitals are combined with relative overpopulation), which gives rise to 'concurrence among capitals.' In the process of 'concurrence among capitals,' overpopulation is used by capital newly trying to become independent and additions to existing capital. As a result, overpopulation is reduced." However, this is not the thinking of Marx. Marx's assertion is as follows.<" The rate of profit will fall as increased producing powers and accumulation of capital advances. However, at the same time, the mass of profit will increase. While the "increase in the mass of profit compensates for the decline in the rate of profit," this "compensation" applies "only to the total social capitals and to the big, firmly placed capitalists. The new additional capital operating independently does not enjoy any such compensating conditions. It must still win them." If they cannot "win them" through competitive struggle, these capitals become excess capital. If concurrence among capitals becomes intensified, an even greater number of "small split capitals" and "fresh branches of capital"(in other words, capital newly trying to become independent and additions to existing capital)that are unable to "exploit labor at the 'intensity of exploitation' necessary for the 'sound' and 'normal' development of the capitalist production process"(Maehata)become excess capital. At the same time, the excess population employed by excess capital will continue to increase.>

著者

中野 瑞彦

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.101-130, 2016-03-03

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Resona Bank reimbursed the public fund in June 2015 which had been injected in March 1999. The capital to asset ratio of the bank had been less than 4% which was the minimum requirement for running domestic banking business. The main purpose of the injection was to keep the stability of the financial system by preventing a big bank from collapsing. After the injection the bank restructured their business and accumulated reserves for repayment. But it took more than 16 years to reimburse the public fund. Tax payers had incurred a risk of loss for such a long time. It should be evaluated whether the public injection into Resona Bank was useful in terms of the stability of the financial system. After 2006 the public fund has been injected into some of the regional banks under the new act and scheme. Its original aim was to support a disposal of the non-performing loans of the regional financial institutions and to promote an integration of them. But the original aim faded away through the two revisions due to the Lehman Shock and the East Japan Great Earthquake. As a result the aim of the act and the scheme has been changed to provide regional financial institutions some resource to sustain their lending to the SMEs that were suffering from the economic downturn. In reality the act and the scheme have become a measure to rescue an individual financial institution itself rather than to keep the stability of the regional financial system. It is important to re-consider a meaning of the public fund injection. A loss of the fund will be finally incurred by tax payers. Most of remote areas in Japan have a few serious economic problems such as an aging population and deindustrialization. It will finally result in a contraction of financial business there. The regional financial institutions are required to supply a risk money and offer a highly professional business consultation to their clients. They need to strengthen themselves in both finance and management for the future. The public fund should be utilized to promote an integration of regional financial institutions rather than to help their independence as an individual entity.

著者

大島 一二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.119-143, 2014-03-28

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This paper reports the current situation of the advance of Chinese national farms in Russia. According to the material, this movement is regarded as the result of the surplus labor in Chinese rural area. It can also be attributed to the result of Chinese securing foods. The advance into the Republic of Kazakhstan is reported as well. Roles of the government, national farms and the family business are regarded as follows; Family business actors are the agents of the advance and management. They have at least over 33.3ha farms, some have about thousands Mu. They usually have as large as 10-100 times of those in domestic farms. National farms act as the association of the advance and the contractor of land lease. Government sector negotiates and seals agreements with the counter countries for the advance. The material also illustrated the following problems; Russian side has problems such as 1) collapsed agricultural infrastructure after the end of Soviet Union, 2) strict policy of the custom and immigrant office and difficulties in obtaining the visa, 3) difficulties in seeking productive tools, 4) Russian's hostile attitude that regarding China as "threat," 5) difficulties in sales in the far east of Russia and so on. Chinese side has problems such as 1) individual farms' financial shortage of development funds, 2) jumps of importing costs (cheaper cost of producing in Russia loses its merit because of the high tariff,) and so on. To solve these problems, the material insisted the steps such as government's positive action, non-profitable insurance, and advantageous tariff for imported agricultural products from Russia, low interest funds for the family business farms and their workers.

著者

坂 昌樹 Masaki BAN 桃山学院大学文学部 St. Andrew's University

出版者

桃山学院大学経済経営学会

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.4, pp.155-190, 2001-03-01

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This document contains the first half of my article, "A Short History of German Kameralism." The first two chapters contained herein cover the central issue concerning German Kameralism and a history of Kameralism in terms of social sciences and education at German universities particularly in the 18th century. The third and fourth chapters, containing a bibliographic history of Kameralism and a brief summary, will appear in the next document. Friedrich List (1789-1846) criticized the English free trade theory of Adam Smith (1723-1790) in his "Das nationale System der politischen Okonomie" (1841) . List recognized that politics in the form of governmental intervention into civil society is indispensable for a developing national economy such as Germany had at that time. On the one hand, German Kameralism included the favorable tradition of political importance; on the other hand, it had to be reformed in order to evolve from feudal thought to the philosophy of modern social science as found for instance, in List's economic theory. The central issue of this work, therefore, springs from the perspective of Kameralism spanning the period from the 17th century to the modern social science era of the 19th century. Namely, the continuity and discontinuity from the former to the latter times will be indicated. In other words, this work is in preparation for more important subjects in the German history of social science, such as the "Adam Smith (Reception) Problem." A short history of Kameralism in the social sciences and education is given in my simple commentary on Edward Baumstark's (1807-89) "Kameraristische Encyclopadie" (1835) and in a list of professors and universities concerned with the institutionalization of Kameralwissen-schaften. Three areas of social science were especially involved in this institutionalization: economics, Polizei and finance. The institutionalization began in PreuBen in 1727 and spread throughout the Germanspeaking states. The kameraristischen professorships often were founded in philosophy faculties and sometimes in faculties of jurisprudence. Additionally, some medical professors held kameralwissenschaftlichen posts. This instability of kameralwissenschaftlichen positions within universities proves that the modern cognition of society was created in Germany in the 18^<th> century. Later, modern faculties of social sciences, including staatswissenschaftliche were established as a continuation of Kameralism.

著者

芝村 篤樹

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.1-32, 2017-12

著者

口野 直隆 大島 一二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.1-16, 2016-10-03

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In this paper, strategies of Japanese food service industry into overseas markets are discussed. Most of Japanese food service companies those challenged promotions into overseas markets have not completed their plans successful. Many of them experienced withdraw or shrinkage of sales because of the poor business performance. This paper aimed to examine its' causes and countermeasures based on the case of Ootoya; who established unique FC transforming strategy through close corporation with partners in Thailand and Taiwan, and have led to successful business there. Based on these successes, recently they are implementing the promotion into Chinese market with Taiwanese partner. The case indicates the significance of tight relationship with the partners in overseas markets, and is supposed to be worthy of attention.

著者

山本 順一

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.21-62, 2017-07-20

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This paper deals with necessary knowledge about copyright law, and inaddition related important ethics which all researchers have to learn. Atfirst, it explains the outlines of Japanese Copyright Act of 1970, andfollowing revised acts. Researchers never fail to understand the realmeaning of legal citation doctrine. They necessarily should make sense ofthe way to lawfully and ethically reuse their own academic papers. Whenthey are working at national laboratories, or famous universities, they hadbetter know something about trademark, besides patent system. Thispaper also tells about what authorship ought to be. And other topics, forexample self-archiving, institutional repositories, creative commons license,and the usage of copyright-free illustrations are discussed. This paper isdedicated to young generation researchers including my students.

著者

査 蕾

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.137-155, 2016-07-06

著者

山中 康行

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = Andrew's University economic and business review (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.37-71, 2017-10-06

著者

山中 康行

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = Andrew's University economic and business review (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.37-71, 2017-10-06

著者

鈴木 幾多郎 Ikutaro Suzuki 桃山学院大学経営学部 St. Andrew's University

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.249-284, 1992-09-01

著者

大島 一二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.7-22, 2013-10-31

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In Macau, the casino industry's rights of management have been opened in early in 2000's. The rights which had been monopolized by Sociedade de Jogos de Macau (SJM) opened to the Hongkong and the American enterprises. This participation by a Las-vegas enterprise erased previous dark image of casinos in Macau and made them change into the huge bright resort facilities where families can enjoy. These huge resorts are called as "Integrated resorts" which consist of multiplex facilities such as casinos, hotels, restaurants, shopping-malls, theaters, convention centers, and so on. This integrated-resorts' developments made huge success and brought enormous tourists and benefits to Macau. Macau government also obtained huge increase in fiscal revenue. The integrated-resorts' developments also have large capacity of employment so that unemployment rate in Macau has declined from 6% to 2%. Casino's developments brought Macau citizens many employment opportunities, high incomes and high-level social securities, too. On the other hand, there also remain some problems. This extra ordinary inclination toward a single industry of casino in all the social and economic aspects might influence the future economic development of Macau.

著者

牧野 丹奈子

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.21-61, 2016-07-06

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In this paper, we use the term "sociality" in contrast with "economy" to indicate performance that creates value for society. To consider "sociality" in business, we require a dynamic system to describe the interactive change between agents tackling social problems and the society. Those who consider the concept of a dynamic system for sociality need to regard themselves as actual elements of the system. In other words, they need to recognize that they can change the system by their own efforts. In this paper, we found that consideration of such a system results in proactiveness, a sense of responsibility, and positive behavior in individuals through our interview research.

著者

口野 直隆/大島 一二 大島 一二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.1-12, 2015-02-27

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This paper examines the strategy of development in Chinese food service market focusing on Saizeriya's case, one of the leading Japanese food service chain. In spite of expanding share of Japanese food service industry in Chinese market, media says that some companies are facing difficulties. Saizeriya's case could be described as a success when defining it as consequent increase of numbers of restraint after entering Chinese market. In this case study, factors of Saizeriya's success were analyzed focusing on it's strategy on1) procurement of food materials and2) labor management. This paper described how Saizeriya developed their business in Chinese food industry with using these strategies.

著者

周 家星

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.69-97, 2015-02-27

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Since the1990s, important changes have occurred in the stock ownership structure of large enterprises in Japan. One of the most significant changes can be summarized briefly as the declining share of corporate shareholders on the one hand, and the increasing share of domestic and international institutional investors on the other.This article reviews two problems caused by the changing structure of shareholders. The first is whether banks and insurance companies will continue to play the role of shareholders loyal to management. The second problem is whether the new major investors can be considered to be stable and long-term investors. Regarding the first problem, analysis of changes in the composition and shareholding ratio of twenty major shareholders in Japan's large enterprises points to the conclusion that although the ratio of shares held by banks and insurance companies has declined significantly, they continue to hold a very important position amongst loyal shareholders. In this context, it is clear that solid support for enterprise management cannot depend solely on the shareholding ratio of the traditional loyal stockholders. Regarding the second problem, analysis of the substance and nature of large institutional investors indicates that their investment judgment and exercise of voting rights are heavily influenced by the stance of their parent companies, which are domestic and international mega banks and financial groups. In addition, it is important to note that the investment decisions and voting behavior of mega banks and financial groups are based not only on their interest as stakeholders but also on careful attention to relations with the enterprise concerned.

著者

望月 和彦

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.35-70, 2012-06-15

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On15th March 1920, the prices of stocks and commodities fell dramatically. That great fall was named "Daihando". As has been said in previous papers, a credit squeeze was brought by the domestic and external factors. The former is money fixation in the banking sector which deprived banks of capability to lend money. The latter is money shrink caused by the deficit of international trade. The credit squeeze caused Daihando in two ways, that is, (1) by the credit squeeze the interest rate was higher than a dividend yield of stocks so that it got irrational to invest in stocks, (2) many speculators bought stocks and commodities by borrowing money from banks, but by the credit squeeze the banks refused to lend money to the speculators, so that they had to sell their stocks and commodities if the market of stocks or any commodities had faced the turmoil. The market situation as a whole was so vulnerable to the external or internal shocks through this interlinkage between markets. The price fall began first in the future rice market on 10 th March. Then it spread to other market including stock market with panic sales. On15th March the great price fall came out in the stock market. The credit squeeze was a result of the lending restriction of the BOJ. The BOJ took the tight money policies since October1919, but they had no effect on the bubble ballooning. So instead of rising the discount rates which was politically difficult, the BOJ tried to restrict lending to the banks. This caused the credit squeeze which led the collapse of bubble.