著者

竹岡 志朗

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.63-79, 2016-07

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A category of product is not objective or a priori existence. In other words, a boundary or members of category is not determined in advance. In researches, there are some approaches to concept of category. To classify concepts, one is static approach, another is dynamic approach. In static approach, a category is regarded as bundles of properties. On the other hand, in dynamic approach, a category is constructed impromptu in decision making. Both of these researches, a concept of category is the point at issue because of this concept is important theme as consumer's decision making in consumer behavior researches. In detail, consumers are affected categories of products as consideration set in decision making processes. In this research,we consider category of concepts in innovation diffusion processes. In innovation diffusion, meanings of product categories transit one after another. This article makes this transition visible with using of text-mining. There are some advantages in using text-mining in this research. First, a text-mining tool allows us to review all terms that describe products and to examine the referential relationship among those terms or the co-occurrence relations among the terms. By abstracting the semantic dimension of all terms, we can avoid the problem of whether the terms used by parties are comprehended by observers in the same way. Second, a text-mining tool is able to identify the commonality of co-occurrence relations among all terms because such a tool allows massive amounts of data to be identified and quantified. Third, a text mining tool can uncover the commonality of co-occurrence relations between more than two terms. Because a greater number of collocated terms imply a narrower interpretation, it is more likely that parties and observers will share technology values. In concrete, we use co-occurrence network analysis. Co-occurrence network is described based on term's co-occurrence relationships. In short, this analysis is a summary of writings (in this article, electric words of mouth which is written at kakaku. com). Then we can describe clusters on co-occurrence networks. We regard this clusters on co-occurrence networks as levels of meaning. Level of meaning affects consumer's cognition and then consumer's decision making processes. Using this approach, a manufacturer can perform and make an incremental innovation ahead of others.

著者

口野 直隆 浜口 夏帆 大島 一二

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.35-69, 2022-02-17

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In this paper, we have examined the potential for overseas expansion offood service companies in Japan that are suffering from market contractionand other factors. Specifically, I focused on Saizeriya from a group of majorfood service companies that have been expanding their business relativelysteadily, and studied what specific factors have enabled them to expandtheir business.From the earnings analysis, it was found that Saizeriya has beenexpanding its stores relatively steadily in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, andSoutheast Asia. The reasons for this are as follows.(1)Store developmentand profitability in Asia and future issues, (2) foodstuff procurementstrategy, and(3)labor management strategy.In the following sections, we will examine how Saizeriya has used thesestrategies to expand in the restaurant markets of China, Taiwan, HongKong, and other countries, and discuss the key points of the overseasstrategies of Japanese restaurant companies.

著者

口野 直隆 大島 一二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.1-12, 2015-02-27

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This paper examines the strategy of development in Chinese food service market focusing on Saizeriya's case, one of the leading Japanese food service chain. In spite of expanding share of Japanese food service industry in Chinese market, media says that some companies are facing difficulties. Saizeriya's case could be described as a success when defining it as consequent increase of numbers of restraint after entering Chinese market. In this case study, factors of Saizeriya's success were analyzed focusing on it's strategy on1) procurement of food materials and2) labor management. This paper described how Saizeriya developed their business in Chinese food industry with using these strategies.

著者

山本 順一

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.17-68, 2016-10

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Now we are living 21st century social lives. Information technology and Internet have been changing our society and our daily life. Everything continues to be different day by day. Public libraries all over the world are also changing. They have taken new digital contents and various databases. While lots of library users now use e-books and electronic journals, they use PCs in the libraries and enjoy cyberspace. Librarians believe in intellectual freedom, and library privacy as well. This paper deals with the legal history and construction of library privacy. Substantial idea of library privacy protection style nowadays is different from 20th century's way. Japanese public libraries would like to protect users' library privacy through general ordinances for the protection of personal data held by administrative organs. The author considers such Japanese legal way of style is inappropriate, and U.S. public libraries enforce better protection of the personal library use information through their privacy policies and various privacy protection laws. This paper introduces some examples, including San Francisco, Boston, New York, and so on.

著者

熊谷 次郎

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.67-119, 2019-02

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The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate features and significance ofRichard Cobden's liberal radicalism based on the voluminous Letters ofRichard Cobden (4 vols, eds. by Anthony Howe and Simon Morgan, OxfordUniversity Press, 2007-2015). There might be no noticeable difference inhis thought and activities between his writings, speeches and his letters.But letters, as often said, incline to disclose underlying thoughts and feelingof a person in a candidate form. In the case of Cobden, therefore,individualities must to be expressed naturally and plainly in his letters.From this point of view, this paper aims to depict his liberal radicalism inhis unreserved opinions seen in his letters.Cobden's radicalism rooted fundamentally in his unforgiving criticism toaristocracy. According to his view, ever since the Glorious Revolution, theBritish government had been monopolized by aristocracy, and their sonswho were not entitled to inherit the right of primogeniture had occupiedthe upper ranks of the army and navy. As it is their benefits to intervenein domestic policies of foreign countries and in conflicts among nationsacross the world with armed forces, armament expenditures necessarilyincreased and consequently oppressed the well-being of the people with itsburden. Then, Cobden focused his vital concern on the arms reduction inthe national finance, and provided the people with the 'peace dividend'created by the reduction in armament expenditures.From this perspective, Cobden made a frontal attack upon Palmerstonwho deployed the intervention policy and gunboat diplomacy in the East.In his letters, Cobden's remarks on Palmerston and Peel, who resolutelycarried out the abolition of the Corn Law, formed a striking contrast: theformer was an 'impostor' and the latter, 'Adam Smith wrote, Peelpracticed.'(To be continued)

著者

田代 昌孝

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = St. Andrew's University economic and business review (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.109-128, 2016-10-03

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The consumption tax rate was raised from 5% to 8% from April, 2014. In addition, consumption tax rate was to be raised from 8% to 10% in October, 2015. But the increase to 10% of planned consumption tax rate was postponed by consideration to economic stagnation. Therefore, the consumption tax increase will not be avoided by the securing of stable social security resources and deficit financing. If we can use all lifetime income to spend all lifetime consumption, Consumption tax is proportional. To my regret, There are no a longitudinal survey containing income and consumption on Japanese households. But Estimating a Theil index with age-income cross-section data to proxy for estimating lifetime incidence of consumption tax makes constructing an influence index of intra-generational income equality in consumption tax. In this analysis, the influence of intra-generational income equality considers not only the deduction effect and the tax rate effect of the income tax but also the effect of the consumption taxation and analyzes the factor of intragenerational income equality based on a Theil index approach.

著者

梅田 百合香

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.7-32, 2016-03-03

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Concerning the issue of morality in politics, Machiavelli and Hobbes have often been viewed as "realists," who accepted the evil lurking in human nature as natural and dissociated morality from politics. However, Hobbes himself did not separate politics and morality, and insisted that his political philosophy was also a moral philosophy. This paper examines the logical structure of political and moral theory in Hobbes's Leviathan, focusing on "evil in politics." In Hobbes's moral philosophy, there is no room for evil in politics in the state of nature, meaning the state of a moral vacuum. Evil in politics signifies injustice in society, in other words, intentions or actions that disturb peace in the civil state after a social contract has been made. Hobbes's description of the state of nature demonstrated that peace was the grand foundation for maintaining a society that actualized morality, and could be the criterion of moral judgement for all political actors.

著者

面地 豊 Yutaka Omoji

出版者

桃山学院大学経済経営学会

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.p151-165, 1995-07

著者

志保田 務

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.1-17, 2005-03-10

著者

来住 元朗

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.4, pp.370-380, 1974-03

著者

松村 昌廣

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.17-45, 2018-07-30

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Amid increasing North Korea’s military threat, South Korea hascontinually taken anti-Japan policy primarily on the pretext of historyissues. This behavior is paradoxical given the strong need to buttress itsnational security through foreign and security policy cooperation withJapan, or to push forward a “quasi-alliance” with the country on the basis ofthe two separate U.S-South Korea and U.S.-Japan alliances. This study is anattempt to grasp why the anti-Japan policy has been put on priority.The study will first present a comparative analysis of South Korean anti-Japan and Taiwanese pro-Japan popular sentiments as basic driver of theirgovernments’ corresponding policies. Then, the analysis will argue thatinternal security consideration has in fact overridden the imperatives ofexternal security consideration. The analytical focus will be placed on theorthodoxy and legitimacy of the South Korean state and individualgovernments in contrast to those of Taiwan, leading to understanding thepivotal importance for the former to preserve national identity as the lastbastion of national security at the very critical moment of external andinternal crises.The study will conclude that, given the current combination of externaland internal conditions, South Korea will most probably have continualresort to anti-Japan policy in the foreseeable future. This will necessitateJapan to not seek active and stable foreign and security policy cooperationwith South Korea but mere good neighborliness that is based on commonstrategic interests. Thus, Japan has to lower expectation and to fine-tuneits South Korea policy accordingly.

著者

口野 直隆 浜口 夏帆 大島 一二

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.3-34, 2022-02-17

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The environment surrounding the restaurant industry in Japan isbecoming increasingly severe every year. Aside from the immediateproblem of the rapid contraction of demand for food service due to thespread of the new coronavirus, the biggest long-term problem is theongoing contraction of the domestic market due to Japan's declining andaging population. In contrast, overseas markets are steadily expanding dueto population growth and rising incomes, showing a favorable contrast tothe Japanese market.For this reason, in recent years, an increasing number of restaurantcompanies have actually turned their attention to overseas markets,especially Asian markets, and many of them are planning andimplementing overseas expansion.In previous research, this research team examined the performance ofJapanese food service companies expanding overseas and the status ofstore development by company, with a particular focus on their expansioninto the Taiwanese market. In this section, we examine the current statusof what groups of food service companies are actually expanding overseasby comparing 2017 and 2021. As a result, it became clear that the overallsituation of overseas expansion is becoming more polarized, with the socalledleading large corporate groups expanding further and the smallerand medium-sized corporate groups decreasing and withdrawing. However, this paper left some unanswered questions as to whether thesemacroeconomic conditions are universally applicable to all types andsectors of food service companies or not.Therefore, in this paper, we will focus on a sector of the food serviceindustry where there is not much prior research on overseas market entry,unlike the fast food chains and Japanese restaurants such as Japanese-stylepubs, which have been the main focus of research so far. In this paper, wefocus on the case of UCC's expansion into Taiwan. As will be discussedlater in this paper, UCC's expansion into Taiwan is characterized by thefact that it is not only an overseas expansion as a food service companywith coffee shop business as its core business, but also a strategy toexpand sales of coffee bean-related products in the Taiwanese market as afood (processing) industry.

著者

刘 博晗 大島 一二

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.105-123, 2022-02-17

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In this paper, I have described the development of Company H's productstrategy in the Chinese market, which was established in roughly threestages. In the first stage, the company confirmed that there was a certainlevel of product demand in the Chinese market through antenna stores andthorough tasting and development. Next, in the second stage, by promotingthe localization strategy in product development, we have improved thesatisfaction level of local consumers and achieved sales expansion bypromoting further adjustments. By juxtaposing this localization strategywith the promotion strategy, the company has promoted the recognition ofJapanese style curry among Chinese consumers. Finally, we believe thatthe current third staircase aims to further expand sales in the market bydiversifying the product through various adjustments.With the progress of these efforts, Company H has achieved somesuccess.

著者

口野 直隆 浜口 夏帆 大島 一二

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.37-63, 2022-01-20

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The market size of the Japanese restaurant industry peaked at 29 trillionyen in 1997 and has been sluggish since then. Even more problematic isthat it is likely to decrease further in the future. According to the Japanesegovernment's announcement, due to the declining birthrate, Japan'spopulation is expected to reach 86.74 million by 2060, a significant decreasefrom the present. In other words, unlike the situation so far, it is predictedthat Japan will experience a serious population decline in the medium tolong term, which will inevitably reduce the market size of the Japanesefood service industry.Under these circumstances, the Japanese food service industry hasreached a time when it should seek new growth opportunities. The growthopportunity is, inevitably, to enter overseas markets where the populationis growing rapidly and income is rising significantly. In particular, the foodservice market in developing and emerging markets in Asia is likely todevelop significantly in the future.In this paper, based on this situation, we analyzed the actual situation ofthe overseas expansion of the Japanese restaurant industry, especiallyfocusing on the expansion into the Taiwanese market.

著者

野瀬 義明

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.153-168, 2014-02

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This article surveys the existing researches on various drives for implementations of shareholder benefit plans. Previous researches can be classified into three categories: shareholders, stock performance and other. Some methodical studies on this issue have just started. The progress of the researches is expected to shed light on the effects of the scheme.

著者

一ノ瀬 篤 Atsushi Ichinose 桃山学院大学経済学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.219-246[含 英語文要旨], 2008-06

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In the U.K., Pitt's sinking fund was established in 1786 to deal with the accumulation of national debt. Pitt's fund regarded the compound interest principle as important. The initial fund was supported by a budgetary surplus of some one million pounds. But as the nation rushed into the war with France in 1793, extraordinary budgetary deficits emerged. Under such circumstances, the sinking fund, which was founded on the principle of compound interest, was obliged to depend on the new issue of government bonds as its source. Consequently the sinking fund merely embodied a policy of' raising sinking funds by borrowing money'. Criticism against the wastefulness of Pitt's fund flared up after the war, the leading critics being R. Hamilton and D. Ricardo. As a result, the fund was abandoned in 1828 after more than 40 year's duration. Hamilton mainly criticized the policy of 'raising sinking funds by floating new government bonds', but he also never overlooked the fictitious nature of the compound interest principle. In the present-day Japan, National Debt Consolidation Fund(NDCF)bears the role of a sinking fund. Corresponding to the so-called re-flotation of national debt in 1965 F.Y., it was decided to annually transfer a sum of money(equal to 1.6% of the outstanding national debt at the beginning of the previous year)from government's general accounts to NDCF. The figure of 1.6% corresponds to the durable life of the facilities that the government was expected to build(in the case of construction bonds), and it was assumed the government would recover its investment in 60 years. NDCF was to deposit and employ this sum to redeem outstanding debts. Now, as this 1.6% deposit is inserted into the annual disbursements budget as a main item under bond expenditures, it unavoidably increases the sum of budgetary expenditures. Therefore, under the circumstances of persistent budgetary deficit, the sum of the above deposit increases the annual volume of newly issued government bonds by that very sum. The result is as follows: to meet the necessary sum for the sinking fund, the government is compelled to raise money by issuing new government bonds. Thus the scale of annual government revenue/expenditure is amplified to the same extent. If this waste of labor could be justified, it would be in the case where the sinking fund usefully fulfills the function of debt management, or in the case where the fund plays the role of emergency reserves. But neither function could be nor should be expected with regard to NDCF. Our present NDCF seems to continue only by inertia and only for the purpose of exhibiting the government's pose that it is not idle in trying to reduce the national debt. The sinking fund in present-day Japan has not employed the principle of compound interest, so that its fictitious character is not easily exposed. But it is not likely that we will be able to escape the unsparing criticisms made by Robert Hamilton some 200 years ago.

著者

長谷川 彰 Akira Hasegawa 桃山学院大学経営学部 St. Andrew's University

出版者

桃山学院大学経済経営学会

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.4, pp.29-54, 1992-03-01

著者

津田 直則 Naonori Tsuda 桃山学院大学経済学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.139-178, 2008-03-10

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The article examines the co-operative values and management efficiency in the case of the Mondragon Co-operative Corporation(MCC). In the first section of the article, the history of the MCC is investigated, which is divided into three periods, 1956-70, 1971-90 and 1991-2006. In the second section of the article, which will appear in the following volume of the bulletin, the co-operative values, management efficiency and their relations would be analyzed. The First Period(1956-70)of the history of the Mondragon co-operatives is characterized by founding the basis of co-operatives and expanding business projects in various sectors of the Basque economy in Spain. In the Second Period(1971-90), the Mondragon Co-operative Group suffered from the oil shock effects and began to construct the protecting system against stagnation by inventing the institutional systems of solidarity. At the same time, the management top of the Group increased investments at foreign countries for attaining the superior competitive condition in international markets. In 1987, the First Co-operative Congress of the Mondragon Co-operative Group decided the famous Ten Principles as the value basis of the organization of the Group. They are: Open admission, Democratic Organization, Sovereignty of Labor, The Instrumental Character of Capital, Self-Management, Pay Solidarity, Group Cooperation, Social Transformation, Universal Nature and Education. In 1991, the beginning year of the Third Period(1991-2006), the Third Co-operative Congress was hold. The key decisions at the congress were:(a)The centralization of the organization and pursuit of a strategy for the sake of survival in the international market.(b)The reorganization of the co-operatives away from the regional groupings and toward to the sector groupings for increasing efficiency.(c)The renaming of the Mondragon Co-operative Group as the Mondragon Co-operative Corporation(MCC). In 2006, the performance of MCC is as follows. MCC Co-operatives107 Subsidiary companies126 MCC workforce83,601 MCC Total Assets27,550(million of euros)MCC Equity4,696(million of euros) Total Turnover(Industrial)6,880(million of euros) Total Turnover(Distribution)6,510(million of euros) MCC Overall Investment1,240(million of euros)

著者

濵村 純平

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.63-85, 2017-07-20

著者

信夫 千佳子

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.4, pp.83-128, 2016-03-22

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Mazda Motor Corporation (referred as Mazda below) is an automotive company performing steady production activities with local suppliers in Hiroshima. Recently, Mazda's products and technologies have been highly appreciated, and obtained a number of awards. Although Mazda is not so rich in management resources compared to the leading car manufacturers, it has been performing continuous innovation, and improving product quality. In this paper, after introducing Mazda's company overview and history, production systems, innovation of development and production, some characteristics of the development-production systems are analyzed. Firstly, its development-production systems rigorously pursue economy of integration. The integration among departments by information technology realized company-wide information sharing, and enhanced quality and productivity. Concurrent engineering in collaboration with suppliers also enhanced them. Further, collaboration activities of development and production with other automotive manufacturers had strengthened advantages and reinforced weaknesses of each company. Secondly, Mazda's production system is lean.It has set basic principles to pursue `just-on-time' and `quality assurance in each process'. Additionally, it uses `sequence production system linked to order,' that is, if operators disturbs a sequence of operation, they have to stop the line, discover the problem, and make an improvement. The flexible production systems consisting lines with mixed-item production capability, as well as separate but homogeneous lines, support its lean production. Thirdly, Mazda has a solid foundation to generate new technology. Mazda 787B was the first Japanese car that achieved an overall victory at the 59th 24 heures du Mans endurance race in 1991. Mazda also succeeded in developing the first rotary engine in the world, which evolved to more advanced RENESIS engine in the 2000s, and it was highly praised both within Japan as well as abroad. SKYACTIV TECHNOLOGY evolved from Mazda's base technology broke through the limitation of human and financial resources compared to much bigger competitors by selection and concentration. Fourthly, there is clear uniformity in its brand image. Since the brand message "Zoom-Zoom" and DNA of brand that is expressed as `stylish' `insightful' `spirited', are used for long time and well represent the characteristics of Mazda, they have contributed to establish a clear image of Mazda vehicles. The concept of `Soul of Motion' proposed in 2010 as design theme, is adopted for all the Mazda vehicles equipped SKYACTIV TECHNOLOGY, and strengthened the unification of the design. Although there are still some challenges in development and production systems, it is concluded that Mazda's inter-organizational concurrent collaborations is a successful case for medium-sized automotive manufacturers.