著者

北川 紀男 Norio Kitagawa

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.1-14, 1970-07

著者

北川 紀男 Norio Kitagawa

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.1-14, 1970-07-01

著者

竹内 真澄 Masumi Takeuchi 桃山学院大学社会学部

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.1-38, 2005-06-15

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In 18th century classic enlightenment thinkers construct the civil society based on private law. Kant is one of the most representative philosopher who developed the civil society theory. In Metaphysik der Siten(1797), he analized the bourgois family that is the main subject of private property. In family, man and woman are connected under marriage law. But both sexes do not have equal status. ‘He is the party of direct, she to obey’. Man as a householder dominates not only woman but also children, apprentice and employee. Recently feminist philosophers have criticized the conservative position of Kant because he is‘custodian of woman’or‘a narrow minded Bourgeois’. But in my view they overlook the relation between ethics and property right. On the one hand Kant formulates the universal freedom,equality and independence among personalities. On the other hand he recognizes the dependent status of woman, children, apprentice and employee. These are in contradiction. Kant strived to reconcile two but failed. I examine his inconsistent explanation. I come to the conclusion that he is so great because he investigated unintentionally the ultimate ground why universal ethics can not be completed in reality. I suggested that a dilemma will be resolved not in the realm of thought but of history.

著者

山川 偉也 Hideya Yamakawa

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.31-60, 1985-10-30

著者

宮本 孝二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.1-23, 2010-10-30

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This paper aims to show analytical effectiveness of social system theory through rethinking 'Social Theory and Social System' which is the range table of possible questions of sociology in Japanese national test of social welfare qualifications. We define social system as patterned relationships among status-role sets to attain common goals, and explain three ways how social systems can be found and analyzed. First, societies are analyzed as general and / or total system from aspects of economy, polity, law, education, social consciousness, stratification, population, social change, and so on. Second, regional society, organization, family, and life are analyzed as individual and / or sectional system. Third, social problematic situations are analyzed as social system responding to and / or causing social problems which are inequality, discrimination, poverty, deviance, suicide, violence, bullying, harassment, environmental problems, and so on.

著者

竹内 真澄 Masumi Takeuchi 桃山学院大学社会学部

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.103-120, 2004-02-01

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In prewar and war period a few scholars developed their researches to criticize the policy of government. Tadao Yanaihara was one of the most excellent social scientist among them. He was at the position of Tokyo Imperial University from 1923 to 1937. In his class he teaches the plicy of colonialism. But he wanted to keep the transcendental values of Christianity which was inherited from Kanzo Uchimura. Because of his spiritual attitude, he inevitably had to accept the hard task. I analyzed some aspects of his spiritual moments which helped reconstrucuring of his theory. I also appointed that his skilful efforts to use the same word with two meanings of the state. The dominant class, based on the deception, can not stop giving the opportunity for taking advantage of ambivalent wording. As the result, he could keep his critical position as long as he succeeded to escape from political oppression.

著者

北野 誠一 Seiichi Kitano

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.p65-84, 1990-03

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In U.S.A., citizens with disabilities who seek independent living get necessary services through CIL (the Center for Independent Living), which serves as their adovocate. These main necessary services consist of (i) Income Security, (ii) Attendent Service, (iii) Accesible Housing Service. In Japan, there are not yet services necessary for citizens with disabilities to live independently. But, (1) Social Action Groups who seek independent living, (2) Group Homes where persons with disabilities manege by themselves, and (3) Sheltered Workshops where persons with disabilities manege by themselves, are now stimulating many members with disabilities to seek independent living. Therefore, soon Japanese persons with disabilities will need something like a CIL. Generally speaking, CIL has 10 programs as follows; 1. Peer Counseling 2. Independent Living Skill Training 3. Adovocacy (System Adovocacy and Personal Adovocacy) 4. Attendant Referral and Counseling 5. Accesible Housing Referral and Counseling 6. Educational program for Community Members 7. Referral of Reading and Guiding Helpers 8. Referral of Sign language Interpreters 9. Equipment Referral and Counseling 10. Dial-A-Ride Vihicles Services In my views, the essential programs of CIL belong to the first three catagories, the others are not always nesessary. The Goverment ought to offer funds to the CILs where these three essential programs function. In the future, Japanese CILs should work toward the enactment of a Japanese version of the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) or Civil Rights Act.

著者

松本 眞一 Shinichi Matsumoto 桃山学院大学社会学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.51-74, 2006-02

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This study aims to research on child welfare in Canada in two aspects: 1)child welfare in general including the administrative system, as well as child welfare programs and services: 2)the definition of abuse, and the current situation of child abuse and protection in Canada. The study finds that child welfare in Canadian history has been slowly but ceaselessly improved to some extent. The department of social services, or its equivalent, in each province/territory is responsible for the design and delivery of child welfare services under the administrative system of decentralizing the services to communities. The departments are situated within the provincial ministry that deals with social services or health, or in some jurisdictions, children and families. The decentralization of child welfare services has led some jurisdictions to establish community based, non-profit agencies as the primary delivery mode for child welfare and adoption services. These agencies operate under boards of directors according to the administrative statutes and regulations in provincial legislation that pertain to child welfare, public administration or adoption. In each jurisdiction, a wide variety of child and family programs and services are provided. Child welfare programs and services in Canada are divided roughly into four fields: 1)Programs related to family formation, 2)Alternative child care programs, 3)Youth programs, and 4)Family support and child protection programs. Furthermore, 1)Programs related to family formation include (1) adoption services and (2) family mediation services. 2)Alternative child care programs contain (1) home child care, (2) centre-based child care, (3) care by a non-relative in the child's home, and (4) non-market care. 3)Youth programs consist of (1) national stay-in-school initiative, (2) national youth in care network, (3) big brothers/big sisters, and (4) programs for young offenders. And finally, 4)Family support and child protection programs imply (1) strengthening families program, (2) parental support program,(3) parenting skills program, (4) prevention programs, (5) assessment, (6) counseling, (7) day programs, (8) voluntary services, (9) foster care, and so on.

著者

本間 栄男

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.63-104, 2015-02-27

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Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) included an evolutionary psychology in his synthetic philosophy. In this paper I treated the development of theory of emotion in his psychology. Spencer had four sources in his theory of emotion: Lamarkian theory of evolution, phrenology, association psychology, and theory of moral sense. Though association psychology which comes from empiricism is opposed to moral sense which is an inherent ability, he was able to dissolve the opposition through the Lamarkian theory of evolution which admits that an individual can hand down the ability he got to the next generation. From phrenology, he socceeded the opinion that psychological functions have their seats only in brain and nerve. Spencer gave a brief account of emotion in his early work (The Principles of Psychology, first edtion, 1855), but in the late 1850s he gradually considered it important. Through his reading Alexander Bain's The Emotion and the Will (1859), emotion occupied an important place in his system. In the second edtion of The Principles of Psychology (2vols. 1870-1872) he discussed the formation of social sentiments which is the base of social morality in his evolutionary way, and made it possible to engage psychology with sociology and ethics.

著者

竹内 真澄

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.47-74, 2012-12-21

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Functionalism, a main stream of sociological theory from its birth, faced transitions following its inception in the 19th century to the present time. The historical origin of sociological functionalism can be found in the work of Auguste Comte (1798-1857). How did Comte contribute to the formation of functionalism? This paper qualitatively analyzes Comte's theoretical work in two stages of modernization from simple civil society to industrial capitalism. The modern class is the cooperative relation between entrepreneur and operator, according to Comte's view. Comte used the word "entrepreneur" instead of capitalist, as well as "operator" instead of worker. Thereby, capitalist class domination and exploitation of workers were reduced to spontaneous subordination of operators to entrepreneurs. In addition, Comte rejected the ideal of self-government, the social contract, and autonomy arguing for the spontaneous subordination in modern corporations. He pointed to the subordination deriving particular divisions of labor from general divisions of labor. Thus, the general controls the particular. In this way, he argued that a modern class hierarchy emerged after the French and Industrial Revolutions. This is the very point that I emphasize. By Comte's theoretical construction, the function of exploitation was as mere task of modern organization. As a result, throughout the development of functionalist theory many scholars unconsciously depended on Comte's work. Yet, the performance of functionalism is not sufficient to explain modern society. The following generations of sociologists should discover new theoretical solutions to understand social disintegration outside of modern corporations. Nevertheless, Comte contributed greatly to the formation of main stream sociology.

著者

原田 達

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.1-26, 2004-07

著者

軽部 恵子

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.175-181, 2017-10

著者

軽部 恵子 Keiko Karube 桃山学院大学法学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.353-358, 2011-03-28

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This essay considers how the results of the mid-term elections in November 2010 might affect the Obama Administration during the 112th Congress(2011-2012). The Democrats have 53 seats in the Senate, while the Republicans hold 47. This means that the Republicans probably cannot turn over the veto of the president, which requires 67 out of 100, while they can filibuster and reject a cloture motion, which requires 60 votes. The president will face more difficulties to ask the Senate for ratification of treaties, which requires two thirds of the Senators. This essay points out that the House of Representatives controlled by the Republicans may be divided by the Tea Party Movement, which endorsed and supported quite a few new members of the House. In November 1994, the Republicans experienced a landslide victory. In 1995, however, the House Republicans confronted the Clinton Administration many times, resulting in a government shutdown twice. These events upset American people and partly contributed to the re-election of President Clinton in November 1996.

著者

陳 品紅

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.115-142, 2014-07-31

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This paper aims to shed light on social changes of 1970s and 80s Japan by researching social studies of those days on credential society and credentialism and surveying social consciousness and behaviors associated with them. First, reviewing a introductory book published in 1977 by a journalist and academic papers written in the early 80s by educational sociologists, I show that they were outcomes of establishing of credential society. Second, rethinking findings of researches conducted in the late 70s which tried to find eufunctions of credential society and to inquire again evidences of credentialism, I show that they more deeply reflected actual conditions of credential society and credentialism. Third, reviewing some books published in the 70s and 80s which were critical responses to credentialism and surveying social consciousness and behaviors in the 80s which were critical or negative responses to credentialism, I show that there were contradictory trends in social changes relating to credential society and credentialism in the 80s.

著者

山本 順一

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.189-220, 2018-02-28

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This paper deals with public libraries and their workers in comparisonbetween Japan and US.Japanese central government has made localgovernments conduct designated manager system from 2003 now on.About15per cent of municipal libraries are run by certain designatedcompanies or joint ventures.This Japanese designated manager systemapplied to public libraries is unusual in the world,and this way ofmanagement has produced lots of precariat librarians and extremely poorlibrary assistants.This paper shows Japanese unbelievably miserable workplace inJapanese public libraries,taking,as a representative example,AdachiWard Takenotsuka Branch Library(run by a small local metal processingcompany)case.The extremely low wage and terrible labor conditions ofthe female vice director in this case is closely connected with the wholepresent socio-economic-political framework in Japan.The author’sworkplace is the same.

著者

清水 由文 Yoshifumi Shimizu 桃山学院大学社会学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.53-90, 2004-02-01

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The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis the Irish family had changed from the type of nuclear family to stem family between 19th century and 20th century. I use the data of Census Returns of 1821, 1841, 1851, 1901 and 1911 that is owned by National Archive in Dublin. I examined the prior works of F.J. Carney, K. O'Neill and V. Morgan & W. MaCafee and got some important knowledge from their works. I have analyzed the size of household, the structure of family, the age of the household head, the age of the children and the inheritance system. As the result of above analyzing we have the following conclusion. The type of simple family households with the partible inheritance system was dominated in the early 19th century, but after 1835 the type of household changed to extended family households and multiple family households with establishing the system of dowry and matchmaking and the impartible inheritance system after the Irish Famine.

著者

橋内 武 Takeshi Hashiuchi 桃山学院大学国際教養学部

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.337-352, 2011-03-28

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Tono-Monogatari, The Legends of Tono, is a collection of 119 folk narratives specific to the remote town of Tono and its neighboring villages of Iwate Prefecture. This paper is an attempt to answer the two questions: 1)How did the humble yet influential publication come about? 2)How did it grow to be a modern classic and to make Tono a pilgrimage site for folklore lovers? Tono-Monogatari is the first Japanese challenge to publish the oral tradition in book form. Actually, there were three people closely linked to this publication. Various forms of narratives were told by Kizen Sasaki, a young country man from Tono to Kunio Yanagita in Tokyo in 1908. These two men met for the first time by the introduction of Yoshu Mizuno, a young thriving writer living at the same boarding house with Sasaki. Mizuno was a ghost story lover, Sasaki was a great folk story teller himself, and Yanagita, public servant and writer, was a very attentive listener eager to dictate what Sasaki told. Then Yanagita travelled to Tono in August, 1909, to observe the setting of stories told. The result is the Tono-Monogatari, first printed and published privately for 350 copies. Thus this little book was known only among the restricted group of literary men and scholars until 1935 when there appeared its second, expanded version with enormous success. However, Tono has been a sleepy country town for a long time until 1970s, when the National Sport Games Soccer Venue and the Annual Convention of Japan Folklore Society were held. Since then there has been built such institutions as Tono City Library, Tono Folk Museum, an outdoor museum called Denshooken, and a folktale theater named Mukashi-banashi-mura. In 2010 Tono celebrated a hundred anniversary of Tono-Monogatari, with such exciting local events as the renewal opening of Tono Folk Museum, a centenary performance of folk drama, and 2010 Tono Seminar focused on this modern classic. Today Tono-Monogatari is still well read and provides the city identity to Tono, which remains to be a destination for Japanese folklore lovers.

著者

宮本 孝二 Kouji Miyamoto

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.57-80, 1990-12-25

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We are faced with three problems which are interrelated, when we try to construct the sociology of gender-problems. First, what areas does it cover, and what position does it occupy in the system of sociology? Second, how can it be constructed systematically? Third, how can gender-inequalities be analysed, which is one of central problems in it? This paper discusses these problems and comes to some conclusions as follows while centrally referring to recent works of Anthony Giddens, who is one of the most important sociologists in modern British sociology. First, the sociology of gender-problems deals with making of gender, patriarchy, gender-inequalities, sexuality, AIDS, and prostitution, etc. Second, it covers every area in the system of sociology, and it has the system which is from action and interaction to structure and change in various social areas. Third, when we analyse gender-inequlities, we must focus on how sexuality, gender, and inequality are interrelated.

著者

沼田 健哉

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.p53-66, 1986-07

著者

本間 栄男

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.63-104, 2015-02-27

---

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) included an evolutionary psychology in his synthetic philosophy. In this paper I treated the development of theory of emotion in his psychology. Spencer had four sources in his theory of emotion: Lamarkian theory of evolution, phrenology, association psychology, and theory of moral sense. Though association psychology which comes from empiricism is opposed to moral sense which is an inherent ability, he was able to dissolve the opposition through the Lamarkian theory of evolution which admits that an individual can hand down the ability he got to the next generation. From phrenology, he socceeded the opinion that psychological functions have their seats only in brain and nerve. Spencer gave a brief account of emotion in his early work (The Principles of Psychology, first edtion, 1855), but in the late 1850s he gradually considered it important. Through his reading Alexander Bain's The Emotion and the Will (1859), emotion occupied an important place in his system. In the second edtion of The Principles of Psychology (2vols. 1870-1872) he discussed the formation of social sentiments which is the base of social morality in his evolutionary way, and made it possible to engage psychology with sociology and ethics.