著者

有賀 秀子 大谷 能子 竹内 真澄

出版者

日本酪農科学会

雑誌

酪農科学・食品の研究 = Japanese Journal of Dairy and Food Science (ISSN:03850218)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.A196-A202, 1990

著者

竹内 真澄

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.87-117, 2016-02-25

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「経済成長」の歴史的起源Historical Origin of `Economic Growth'竹内,真澄TAKEUCHI,Masumiキ-ワ-ド:経済成長,スペンサ-,社会成長,社会有機体,競争的個人主義Keywords : economic growth, Herbert Spencer, social growth,social organic body, competitive individualismThe concept of `Economic Growth' of modern economics was made in around 1950s. But we can trace it back to the concept `Social Growth' in Herbert Spencer. He used it in the first volume of `Principles of Sociology' at 1876. `Social growth' means the process of evolving societies in which massive population compound or recompound from hords to relatively bigger societies. He thought a society as an organism. Therefore he thought an analogy between society and organic body like plant and animal. The idea `growth' comes from the analogy. I analyze the two influencial lines in economic theories. One is the process from Spencer, thorough Carl Menger and Friedrich von Wieser, to Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman. Another is the process of evolutionistic philosophy given by Spencer who directly visited U. S. A. in the end of 19 th century. It seems that even W. W. Rostow accepted the evolutionistic view about national economy from American context after Spencer's visit. We can understand economists in these two lines share an idea that market is an organic body. On the one side market consists of competitive individualism. On the other side market consists of organism. These can be not in contradiction. Originaly this view of market was built by Spencer. We can conclude that the idea of social organic body originaly made in sociology have been penetrated in economic theory after WW II. until today.

著者

竹内 真澄 Masumi TAKEUCHI

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.141-151, 2001-03-15

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The U. S. A has been considered a developed country which advocates liberalism. But, as Noam Chomsky points out, in fact the manipulation of public opinion by the media has been carried out under the pretense of freedom of speech. The task of this paper is to explain how the media of the U. S. has successfully managed to reconcile the manipulation of public opinion with the condition of freedom of speech. I approach the question by considering New York Times reportage on Okinawa from 1995 to 2000. In this period, following the well-known 1995 rape of Japanese schoolgirl by U. S. Marines, the tension between human rights and U. S. world strategy reached crisis level in Okinawa. Correspondingly, the New York Times sought to adopt a position between two. In the first part of this paper, I will analyze reportage on the rape incident, examining the ways in which the New York Times was able to balance out the numerous factors involved so as to come down on the side of existing U. S. polocy.

著者

竹内 真澄

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.139-161, 2021-07-15

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The social contract theory is classified into two types: liberal and democratic. The firsttype is the theory of Hobbes and Locke and is based on the concept of <private man>. Thelatter is Rousseau’ theory based on the concept of <citoyen>. According to Rousseau,<citoyen> is the negation of <private man>.According to Rousseau, citoyen makes a civil society based on general will and not onparticular will. General will prioritizes amour-propre(self-love) over amour de soi(love ofself-interest). Here, Rousseau distinguishes self-preservation from self-interest.Therefore, human beings survive by making social contact. This means that they live inthe society based on public interest and not private interest.Also notable is the theoretical product of self-criticizing in European civilization. Rousseaurefers to the invasion of European people amongthe Caribbeans, wherein he discovered the natural situation of human beings in theCaribbean wherein they live in peace and pity.I examine the historical meaning of the risks pertaining to Rousseau’s theory becausethe Russian revolution seems to imitate the French revolution. Some ideas originate fromthe risks pertaining to Rousseau’ theory.

著者

竹内 真澄

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.23-64, 2021-09-28

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Modern social theory, from Hobbes to Simith, is based on the concept of“private man. ”According to Hegel, private man appears after the decline ofcommunities. It refers to the atomistic type of human being in modernsociety.From the point of view of young Hegel, private man lost the totality, buthe also recognizes the value of private man in history in a definite sense.Then, he establishes the schema, that is to say, community-society-highlevel of community. Correspondingly, human beings move from Individuumvia Einzelne to a high level of Individuum.Hegel examines the experimental thoughts about dialectics in the Jenaerperiod (1801-1807). Through works preceding The Phenomenology of Spirit,including The Spirit of Christianity and its Fate, The Difference betweenFichte’s and Schelling’s Systems of Philosophy, The Critics of ModernNatural Law, and Jenaer Real Philosophy, he analyzes the self-formationfrom Einzelne to general Individuum, which is the main purpose ofphenomenology.I examine that Hegel adds the concept of private man to the context ofdialectics between Individuum and Einzelne. He establishes the base forthe dialectics Allgemeinheit-Besonderheit-Einzelheit.However, he identifies Einzelheit with Individualität at the end, on thesame condition of private property, regardless of categorical distinction ofthe two. This brings about the criticisms of Kierkegaad and Marx.

著者

竹内 真澄 Masumi Takeuchi 桃山学院大学社会学部

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.1-38, 2005-06-15

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In 18th century classic enlightenment thinkers construct the civil society based on private law. Kant is one of the most representative philosopher who developed the civil society theory. In Metaphysik der Siten(1797), he analized the bourgois family that is the main subject of private property. In family, man and woman are connected under marriage law. But both sexes do not have equal status. ‘He is the party of direct, she to obey’. Man as a householder dominates not only woman but also children, apprentice and employee. Recently feminist philosophers have criticized the conservative position of Kant because he is‘custodian of woman’or‘a narrow minded Bourgeois’. But in my view they overlook the relation between ethics and property right. On the one hand Kant formulates the universal freedom,equality and independence among personalities. On the other hand he recognizes the dependent status of woman, children, apprentice and employee. These are in contradiction. Kant strived to reconcile two but failed. I examine his inconsistent explanation. I come to the conclusion that he is so great because he investigated unintentionally the ultimate ground why universal ethics can not be completed in reality. I suggested that a dilemma will be resolved not in the realm of thought but of history.

著者

竹内 真澄 Masumi Takeuchi 桃山学院大学社会学部

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.223-245, 2003-03-20

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In this paper I examine T. Parsons’s theory of family. Especially I analyze his idea about sex role. He wrote it in his book titled ‘Family’ in 1956. This idea has been criticised by many feminist sociologists from the perspective of gender since 1980s. But in my opinion the criticism is not enogh because feminist sociologists do not explain the reason why sex role is built. According to Shinohara Saburou’s idea I use the theory of capitalism with the connection of the theory of surplus population. From his view women are inclind to be excluded from the labour market as housewife. This is the main reason why sex role is made in capitalist society. I make it clear that Parsons and his feminist critics did not theorize the basis of sex role because they neglect the reality of surplus population out of market or family. Then I emphasize the usefuleness of Parsons’s thory of micro-macro link. On the basis of the theory of surplus population of modern capitalism we can expand the possibility of Parsons’s sociology to the direction of transformation of nuclear family in societal level of society

著者

竹内 真澄 Masumi Takeuchi 桃山学院大学社会学部

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.103-120, 2004-02-01

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In prewar and war period a few scholars developed their researches to criticize the policy of government. Tadao Yanaihara was one of the most excellent social scientist among them. He was at the position of Tokyo Imperial University from 1923 to 1937. In his class he teaches the plicy of colonialism. But he wanted to keep the transcendental values of Christianity which was inherited from Kanzo Uchimura. Because of his spiritual attitude, he inevitably had to accept the hard task. I analyzed some aspects of his spiritual moments which helped reconstrucuring of his theory. I also appointed that his skilful efforts to use the same word with two meanings of the state. The dominant class, based on the deception, can not stop giving the opportunity for taking advantage of ambivalent wording. As the result, he could keep his critical position as long as he succeeded to escape from political oppression.

著者

竹内 真澄

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.47-74, 2012-12-21

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Functionalism, a main stream of sociological theory from its birth, faced transitions following its inception in the 19th century to the present time. The historical origin of sociological functionalism can be found in the work of Auguste Comte (1798-1857). How did Comte contribute to the formation of functionalism? This paper qualitatively analyzes Comte's theoretical work in two stages of modernization from simple civil society to industrial capitalism. The modern class is the cooperative relation between entrepreneur and operator, according to Comte's view. Comte used the word "entrepreneur" instead of capitalist, as well as "operator" instead of worker. Thereby, capitalist class domination and exploitation of workers were reduced to spontaneous subordination of operators to entrepreneurs. In addition, Comte rejected the ideal of self-government, the social contract, and autonomy arguing for the spontaneous subordination in modern corporations. He pointed to the subordination deriving particular divisions of labor from general divisions of labor. Thus, the general controls the particular. In this way, he argued that a modern class hierarchy emerged after the French and Industrial Revolutions. This is the very point that I emphasize. By Comte's theoretical construction, the function of exploitation was as mere task of modern organization. As a result, throughout the development of functionalist theory many scholars unconsciously depended on Comte's work. Yet, the performance of functionalism is not sufficient to explain modern society. The following generations of sociologists should discover new theoretical solutions to understand social disintegration outside of modern corporations. Nevertheless, Comte contributed greatly to the formation of main stream sociology.

著者

竹内 真澄

出版者

多文化関係学会

雑誌

多文化関係学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.3-19, 2012

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本研究は、増加する退職後の海外居住を選択した日本人の異文化居住における心理的様相を明らかにすることを目的とする。退職年齢まで異文化接触が比較的少ない自文化内で暮らした後、異文化圏で居住する退職者層はどのような心理的様相を見せるのであろうか。筆者はその概要を知るために、参与観察とタイ王国に居住する退職者層に半構造化面接を行うことにより、質的データを収集した。その結果、自文化からもホスト文化からも適度な距離を置くことにより快適さを保つ「戦略的境界化」が抽出された。この快適さを支える要因として、高齢者特有と考えられるホスト文化に昭和を見出す懐古的心境、人生経験を積んで醸成される寛容性、社会的役割を終えてようやく取り組める自己実現への希求などが明らかになった。尚、先行研究で論じられている「境界化」は、適応の一番低いレベルであり、自文化からもホスト文化からも中途半端な距離に位置しアイデンティティを失うものである、とされているが、本研究協力者たちは境界的な位置を戦略的に選択することにより、社会の干渉や束縛から抜け出し快適さを手にしていることが明らかになった。

著者

竹内 真澄

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.1-28, 1989-03-20

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Habermas is one of the most influential Sociologists in the modern world. In 1981, he published "Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns", which is characterized as a summary of his theory today. In this book, he attempted to put two approaches together. Functionalistic approach and phenomenological approach. But, how relate System and Lifeworld was represented in his works in the 1960's already. In my essay, I think that Habermas had two schemata. One was <Society-State> schema, the other was <System-Life-world> schema. He derived <System-Lifeworld> schema from <Society-State> schema. Actuality of his social theory lies in this point.