著者

高井 昌吏

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.31-71, 2017-10

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In the late 1960 s, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, the former movie actor and TVpersonality, felt challenged by the documentary film "A Dog's Life" (originaltitle: Mondo Cane) produced by Italian film director Gualtiero Jacopetti.While pursuing the 'authenticity' of documentary, Kawaguchi alsoperformed as an actor and was involved in the production of a televisionprogram. The program of Hiroshi Kawaguchi was different from JunichiUshiyama's television documentary "Wonderful World Travel", as theformer tried to represent the 'authenticity' of documentary whileemphasizing the impact of the image, whereas the latter pursued'education' and academics through his program. This is, in a sense, a resultof focusing on creating a program from the perspective of the 'masses'instead of from the perspective of 'modern citizens'. Their directions weredifferent, yet their educational background, parents' occupations andcultural capital were related to each other. In the mid-1980 s, however,"Kawaguchi Hiroshi Adventurer Series" directed by the former actor whoplaced great emphasis on 'authenticity' became viewed as a parody ofadventure and exploration by the audience amid a rumor that the programwas 'staged'. In other words, although Hiroshi Kawaguchi's documentaryprogram began as a pursuit of 'authenticity', it was ironically criticized interms of its 'authenticity' and ridiculed. This was due to changes in theattitudes of TV viewers, especially of the audience of documentary shows.In the meanwhile, Junichi Ushiyama also entered the academic world, suchas the "Visual anthropology", and as a result, his television documentarybecame accepted as an 'educational program'.

著者

阪口 祐介

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.47-68, 2016-02

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Since the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, the negative opinion to nuclear power plant has increased and the political debates over the pros and cons of nuclear energy has been activated. This paper attempts to reveal empirically the social determinants of attitudes towards nuclear energy. We focus on generation, gender, and social stratification as the determinants, and examine for the value mediated mechanism. Previous researches have indicated that women tend to have negative opinion to nuclear power and young people tend to have positive opinion to that. In this paper, we assume that these gender and generation differences are mediated by the values. For example, it is expected that women tend to be egalitarian, and egalitarian tends to have negative opinion to nuclear power. In order to examine the value mediated mechanism concerning generation, gender, and social stratification, we do analysis by using structural equation modeling. The data is "The Public Opinion Survey on Internationalization and Political Participation of Citizens" that was conducted in November 2013 by the nationwide sampling mail survey. The findings reveal that the political distrust and the egalitarianism had a strong influence on the antinuclear orientation. Concerning the value mediated mechanism, we found out that the gender difference was mediated by the political distrust and the egalitarianism. This results means that women tend to be political distrust and egalitarianism, for that reason they tend to have the antinuclear orientation. We also found out that the generation difference was mediated by the political apathy. Concerning social stratification, high income people tend to be antiegalitarianism and for that reason they tend to support for the nuclear power.

著者

沼田 健哉 Kenya Numata

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.p149-186, 1978-03

著者

野尻 亘 Wataru Nojiri

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.63-94[含 英語文要旨], 2011-03

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Strucuturation theory deals with relation between individual action (agency) and social structure. Giddens objects to the lack of temporality in traditional strucuturalism. From the aggregate perspective of how social forms and institutions are produced and reproduced, the lack of a time-space framework has been detrimental to deeper analysis of central problems in social theory and human practice. Structure consists of rules and resources enabling reproduction of activities of next generation. Giddens looks upon structure which is perpetuated and modified as a result of human agency. In time-geography, human agency must be seen contextually as a continuous flow of conduct situated in time and space, yet with the places of activity resulting from institutions (home, work and school etc.) which reflect structure. Time-geography outlines some components of historically specific, non-fragmented contextual theory of human action stressing practical reason and concrete interaction in time and space. This is part of an argument for a reconstructed new regional geography, building on the traditional, but having theoretical and emancipatory aims. The interest of time-geography to theory of structuration is surely evident. Time-geography is concerned with the infrastrucutual constraints that shape the routines of everyday life and shares with structurtation theory, an emphasis upon the significance of practical character of daily activities, in circumstances where individuals are co-present with one another, for constitution of social conduct.

著者

松澤 俊二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.69-86, 2016-02-25

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This paper is intended to study the proletarian tanka which rose during about 5 years from 1928 and declined immediately. Evaluation of proletarian tanka is not high so far. There are two reasons of low evaluation. First, because the tanka have been considered as politics, not Literary work. Second, the representation of tanka is a roar and vilification against the government and the capitalists, and this is because it is not individual, and mannerism and critics thought. However, it must be noted that such evaluation having been made from modern tanka's sense of values which considers that expression of individuality is the most important. Therefore, it is impossible from the sense of values to discuss the proletarian tanka which appeared as an antithesis of a modern tanka from the start. In the light of this fact, It is necessary to reconsider old research of a proletarian tanka and tanka work itself. In this paper, I gave priority to that I took up the expectations of the proletarian poet at that time. For this purpose, I chose "Proletarian Tanka poetics" as a research material. And it was clarified why the rut expression was repeated Tanka work, social circumstances surrounding its Tanka movement, and how was thought to increase the fan proletarian Tanka. In addition the existence of the proletarian tanka confirmed that it becomes a ruler to measure the political character of the modern tanka that attention had not been applied to until now.

著者

宮本 孝二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.59-84, 2004-07

著者

松澤 俊二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.39-59, 2012-03-14

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Traditional Japanese poetry (waka) faced extreme difficulties due to the massive inflow of western thought at the emergence of Imperial Japan in the late nineteenth century. Masakaze Takasaki, a waka poet, who served Emperor Meiji in a governmental capacity, played a crucial role for the continuation of waka during the time of Japan's westernization. How did Japanese traditional literature survive in a time of extraordinary socio-cultural and political transformation? This paper explores the history of Japanese poetry culture and the role of Takasaki in its struggle, renewal, and stabilization since1868. Historical analyses provide an alternative view of the history of poetry in Japan. Takasaki, as a government bureaucrat and social activist, established the ideal waka poetry typology and played an important role in the diffusion process of the renewed traditional culture. His poetry work attempted to turn the attention of Emperor Meiji and political elites in the Imperial Government toward the minds of the people. As a result, waka poetry became an important spiritual and political binding between Emperor Meiji and people of Japan. Thus, by bringing the cultural status of poetry into the political arena, Takasaki contributed to the renewal and continuation of a cultural tradition and literature. In the emergence of Imperial Japan, Masakaze Takasaki gave new value to traditional Japanese poetry, which once thought to be unnecessary in a rapidly modernizing and westernizing society.

著者

橋内 武

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.337-352, 2011-03-28

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Tono-Monogatari, The Legends of Tono, is a collection of 119 folk narratives specific to the remote town of Tono and its neighboring villages of Iwate Prefecture. This paper is an attempt to answer the two questions: 1)How did the humble yet influential publication come about? 2)How did it grow to be a modern classic and to make Tono a pilgrimage site for folklore lovers? Tono-Monogatari is the first Japanese challenge to publish the oral tradition in book form. Actually, there were three people closely linked to this publication. Various forms of narratives were told by Kizen Sasaki, a young country man from Tono to Kunio Yanagita in Tokyo in 1908. These two men met for the first time by the introduction of Yoshu Mizuno, a young thriving writer living at the same boarding house with Sasaki. Mizuno was a ghost story lover, Sasaki was a great folk story teller himself, and Yanagita, public servant and writer, was a very attentive listener eager to dictate what Sasaki told. Then Yanagita travelled to Tono in August, 1909, to observe the setting of stories told. The result is the Tono-Monogatari, first printed and published privately for 350 copies. Thus this little book was known only among the restricted group of literary men and scholars until 1935 when there appeared its second, expanded version with enormous success. However, Tono has been a sleepy country town for a long time until 1970s, when the National Sport Games Soccer Venue and the Annual Convention of Japan Folklore Society were held. Since then there has been built such institutions as Tono City Library, Tono Folk Museum, an outdoor museum called Denshooken, and a folktale theater named Mukashi-banashi-mura. In 2010 Tono celebrated a hundred anniversary of Tono-Monogatari, with such exciting local events as the renewal opening of Tono Folk Museum, a centenary performance of folk drama, and 2010 Tono Seminar focused on this modern classic. Today Tono-Monogatari is still well read and provides the city identity to Tono, which remains to be a destination for Japanese folklore lovers.

著者

軽部 恵子

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.195-198, 2016-02-25

著者

高井 昌吏

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.31-71, 2017-10

著者

鈴木 博信

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.1-16, 1998-03-31

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Western leaders and mass media, including their Japanese counterparts, quick to claim "victory" in the cold war, never took a close look at the "losers". It was assumed that Russians would take to Western forms of economic and polifical development as eagerly as they had bought Western jeans and rock music tapes on the black market. The West's, that is, our biggest mistake was to have expected more than Russia was able to become. We did not fully understand how sick Soviet society was. There was, on top of everything else, no trusted new "elite" to replace the old. A truly non-partisan civil service has always eluded Russian governments. And the so-called democrats or reformers in power are themselves nomenklatura people, their children and their acquaintances. In a word, the system never collapsed after August, 1991, despite the appearance. S. Handelman, Canadian joumalist and author of ≪Comrade Criminal≫, elucidates, in his work, that the bureaucrats and managers of the former regime acquired new capital and political strength by exploiting the legal vacuum left by departing Communist authorities. Thus, a post-Soviet mafiya emerged, in corporating (1)the most entrepreneurial element of the former nomenklatura and (2)the gangster capitalism of the new. The Comrade criminal-the personification of this new force that combines the just mentioned two elements-is now setting the rules of game in Russia. Inspired by Mr. Handelman's sardonic insight, I try to trace here, both on local and national level, though in a very sketchy way, how the nomenklatura suruives. And by drawing this sketch, I want to clarify the essence of the organisation, that had been called the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

著者

飯島 伸子

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.151-174, 1988-03-01

著者

沼田 健哉

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.1-33, 1986-07-20

著者

高坂 健次

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.5-27, 1984-07-10

著者

藤田 博文

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.145-176, 2016-02-25

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This paper aims to characterize the neoliberal rationality that Michel Foucault(1926-84)posed in his 1979 lectures, Naissance de la biopolitique, at the College de France, through analyzing the transformation of his theory of power in the 1970s. The key concept to grasp this transformation is a "formation of truth". To attain this aim, the following three issues have to be examined using Foucault's logic. First, this paper clarifies that the governmental practices are regulated by a truth(a norm: a "normal price" and an average considered as optimal). This truth which makes a division between the normal and the abnormal is formed by the rational behavior of those who are governed. It was this conception that constituted his new theory of power which he developed in 1978 and 1979 lectures at the College de France. Second, this paper specifies that the truth is formed by the "natural mechanism(the spontaneous mechanism)" which function in the market from the eighteenth century. This mechanism functions as a "laissez-faire". This truth formed by the natural mechanism assures liberal rationality. Finally, this paper specifies that the truth is formed by the "competitive structure" which has an internal logic. This truth assures neoliberal rationality. This structure extends the competitive forms over the "society" (a"government of society"). In other words, neoliberal government produces a"society subject to the dynamic of competition". By examining these points, I would like to demonstrate that the "formation of truth" is the most important concept to grasp the transformation of Foucault's theory of power in the 1970s and to comprehend the neoliberal rationality.

著者

宮本 孝二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.1-26, 2015-09

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The works of Emile Durkheim(1858-1917)have exerted an extraordinary influence over the development of modern social theory. This paper, the second one of my project `Giddens and Sociologists', aims to explore how Anthony Giddens, one of most famous sociologists in the contemporary world, grasp the entire structure and possibilities of Durkheim's social theory through studying his works. The main findings are as follows. First, Giddens got reflexivity which is the central concept in his structuration theory through critically studying Durukheim's theory of suicide. Reflexivity is the concept which means an essential quality of human existence as agent and a trait of social structure as condition and outcome of agency. Second, Giddens found that Durkheim's social theory is consistent and systematic by analyzing his main works. Durkheim constructed his social theory by tackling with problems concerning capitalism and nation-state in modernization. Third, Giddens succeeded in breaking through old images of Durkheim and getting clues to the development of Giddens' social theory in possibilities brought up by Durkheim.

著者

松村 昌廣

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.95-110, 2011-03-28

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With President G.W. Bush's strong confidence, Vice President Dick Cheney (2001-2009) exerted dominant influence on the administration's major policy decisions. In conjunction with the litigation of the Government Accounting Office versus Cheney concerning declassification of records of a presidential commission, the National Energy Policy Development, which he chaired, the Office of Vice President claimed that no law and executive directive on declassitication of executive information apply to a vice president; this is on the ground that they do not apply to the legislative branch, and that the vice presidency as Chairman of the Senate is part of the branch. This paper will first analyze the constitutional, statutory and other existing positions and roles of the contemporary U.S. vice presidency, and then examine some major pros and cons of them under separation of powers. Based on the findings, the author will discuss preliminarily about what roles a vice president should play.

著者

松村 昌廣

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.37-51, 1999-01-30

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As a part of my research on "The U. S.-Japan Alliance and Military High Technology", this study will focus on the FSX codevelopment projects in the light of a renewed U. S.-Japan armament game. The analysis will highlight on the U. S. dilemma, between competitive interdependence and techno-nationalism, in deciding a policy toward the techno-industrial Japa-nese power, The work will examine the dynamics of technological dovelopment, with focus on why and how the Bush Administration resorted in vain to both economic statecraft and bargaining approaches, while ignoring the prevailing realities of competitive interdependece in international relations. The analysis will also serve to delineate a series of political constraints imposed by the politics of military and dual-use technologies. (This article was a part of work oringinally presented at the Northeast International Studies Association conference in Philadelphia, November 14-16, 1991)

著者

野々山 久也 Hisaya Nonoyama

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.p61-100, 1984-07

著者

栄 セツコ Setsuko Sakae 桃山学院大学社会学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.127-148, 2006-02

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The present study examined the association between professional behaviors in assessment process and professional activities for discovery of strengths of mentally ill individuals in the psychiatric social workers' practice. As a result, I found that `facilitation of client's self-determination' and `data collection concerning crisis intervention' in assessment practice were strongly associated with `improving client's strengths in an individual level,' `developing a sense of citizen rights in a community level,' `creating network in a community level,' and `developing appropriate environments among a client' in discovery activities. In addition, `observation of group work dynamics' `performing for creating trust with a clients' in assessment practice were associated with `forming mutual support among clients in a group level' in discovery activities.