著者

冨田 洋三

出版者

実践女子大学

雑誌

実践女子大学生活科学部紀要 (ISSN:13413244)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.111-128, 2013-03-10

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Agricultural means of production is land. Therefore, agricultural productivity is relativelylow compared to other industrial productivity. As the economy grows, labor and land willcontinue to flow from agriculture to other industries. If no action is taken, agriculture willdecline, and a food crisis will come. Therefore, agricultural protection policy has been adoptedin many countries. As a result of protectionism, there is an oversupply of agricultural products,and their prices drop. Then, further protection policy is required. Japan is a typical example.As a result, farmland has decreased and workers are aging, and Japan has fallen into a crisis ofagricultural decline.Protection policy aims to raise agricultural productivity. To do so, the area of arable land perhead had to be expanded. But in reality, the agricultural land per head did not expand. Thecause is that the competition has been impeded by the protection policy. From the beginning of2000s, Japan's agricultural policy has changed towards the integration of the farmland topromote competition. Although it is controversial, in order to increase the power of food selfsufficiencyin Japan, we must expand the arable land per farmer to increase agriculturalproductivity.Agricultural means of production is land. Therefore, agricultural productivity is relativelylow compared to other industrial productivity. As the economy grows, labor and land willcontinue to flow from agriculture to other industries. If no action is taken, agriculture willdecline, and a food crisis will come. Therefore, agricultural protection policy has been adoptedin many countries. As a result of protectionism, there is an oversupply of agricultural products,and their prices drop. Then, further protection policy is required. Japan is a typical example.As a result, farmland has decreased and workers are aging, and Japan has fallen into a crisis ofagricultural decline.Protection policy aims to raise agricultural productivity. To do so, the area of arable land perhead had to be expanded. But in reality, the agricultural land per head did not expand. Thecause is that the competition has been impeded by the protection policy. From the beginning of2000s, Japan's agricultural policy has changed towards the integration of the farmland topromote competition. Although it is controversial, in order to increase the power of food selfsufficiencyin Japan, we must expand the arable land per farmer to increase agriculturalproductivity.

著者

須賀 由紀子

出版者

実践女子大学

雑誌

実践女子大学生活科学部紀要 = Bulletin of Jissen Women's University Faculty of Human Life Sciences (ISSN:13413244)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.7-16, 2017-03-10

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The aim of this paper was to assess how to make community places appropriate for the coming super-aged society. The author first examined the concept of a “third place” at which all generations in a local area can share in meaningful conversation. The author then focused on how to find motivation in life for elderly people in multi-generational community settings, particularly with younger people. There were three points in creating such viable community places; wisdom in daily life, activities that motivate elderly people to make a life worth living, and the reading of classics and classical art by several generations. The conclusion was that it was most important that such “third places” have qualified younger people involved in vivid activities with elderly people. Therefore, universities in local areas have the responsibility to educate their students in preparing to meet the challenges of a super-aged society.

著者

乙訓 稔

出版者

実践女子大学

雑誌

実践女子大学生活科学部紀要 (ISSN:13413244)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.13-21, 2010-03-19

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As is generally known, the Japanese modern school system began in 1872, but there are few well-known educators who participated in an elementary education. Masataro Sawayanagi is such an educator ; he is known as a person of practice of the liberal education in educational history in the Taisho era at the Seijo elementary school, but as for his teacher theory, it is not studied so much, and in particular, there has been almost no study of his elementary school teacher theory. Therefore, I have concentrated on his idea of the elementary school teacher and clarified the main intent of his teacher theory and tried to make a comment about the characteristics. At first, he makes much of the role of an educator and a school teacher, and speaks of the basic qualification of the teacher as follows. That is, he says that the teacher needs to acquire learning and morality and states that the teacher must be such a person who feels pleasure in educating the human being, also can give a good example of moral education above all, and those recognizing the nation training in the next era particularly think about him. On the one hand, he had spoken about the treatment of the teacher, because the treatment of the teacher in his times was socially low, so he emphasize that the treatment of the primary school teacher had to raise immediately. But on the other, he had said that the elementary school teacher have the psychic income which can not buy for money. In addition, he says that the primary school teacher is an occupation that is suitable for a woman. Because woman teachers increased drastically in the Taisho era, he said that half the teachers should be woman, but he suggested a salary table for women teachers that was lower than the men teachers. In the trend of thought of the times after World War I and the trend of thought of the democracy of Japanese Taisho period, Sawayanagi's opinion about the woman teacher has the idea of gender equality and independence of the teacher and educational thought. But, seen from today, his outlook on gender shows an inequality male and female division of labor. So to speak, it is a limit caused by the Imperial Rescript on Education system ; however it can be said his opinion about the right of teachers to teach and the equality of the teacher group, and thinking that primary school teaching is a suitable occupation for the women are opinions of the universality beyond the situation of the times.

著者

山田 茂 田中 涼子 大橋 文 岩田 華苗

出版者

実践女子大学

雑誌

実践女子大学生活科学部紀要 = Bulletin of Jissen Women's University Faculty of Human Life Sciences (ISSN:13413244)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.31-35, 2017-03-10

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In this experiment, we investigated the effects of mechanical stimulation and caffeine on lipolysis in the adipocyte culture cell. Caffeine (0μg/mℓ, 50μg/mℓ, 100μg/mℓ) which promotes lipolysis, was added to the culture medium (10%FBS, DMEM) respectively. Adipocytes underwent repeated mechanical irritation by Flexer cell strain unit to observe the effect on the lipolysis of mechanical stimulation. We measured glycerol in a culture medium to confirm the lipolysis. Adipocyte were stained for lipolysis responses by Oil Red O. The effect of caffeine on lipolysis was slightly observed, but a significant effect statistically was not observed. On the other hand, mechanical stimulation increased lipolysis in the adipocyte culture cells. Influences of a combination of mechanical stimulation and caffeine on lipolysis were examined. The results of these experiments, the effect of mechanical stimulation on the lipolysis was outstanding, but was scarcely effected by caffeine. That is, direct mechanical stimulation was effective in increasing the burning of fat. Further research is required on the mechanisms of mechanical stimulation to promote lipolysis in adipose cells.

著者

山田 茂 大橋 文 尾関 彩

出版者

実践女子大学

雑誌

実践女子大学生活科学部紀要 (ISSN:13413244)

巻号頁・発行日

no.50, pp.157-161, 2013-03

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In this study we have investigated the relationship between hypertrophy of skeletal muscle byexercise and fasting to examine the relationship between exercise and nutrition. The animalused in the experiment were retired female mice. Exercise was carried out by tenotomymethod. Groups were divided into four groups with five animals in each group. After theseventh day, groups of mice that ate a diet were fed for 6 days were bled under anesthesia, andwere sacrificed. Each plantaris muscle and the soleus muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, heart wereremoved; after that, each weight was measured by the electromagnetic scale. The no-foodgroup began fasting the day after the start of resistance training. After five days, mice weresacrificed in a similar manner; the weight of the organs was measured in a similar manner. Inthis experiment, the following findings were revealed. Muscle weight increased by resistancetraining without the influence of the presence or absence of the meal. Hypertrophy rate waslower in plantaris muscle compared with the soleus muscle. When the meal has been ingested,resistance exercise has been found to affect the heart weight. Regardless of diet, exerciseresistance is the average value; statistical difference was not observed. When resistanceexercise was performed, the weight of kidney in diet group showed lower values compared tothe no food group. Further, even if resistance exercise was not performed, the food groupshowed a statistically significantly lower value compared to the no food group. The weight ofthe spleen, regardless of the presence or absence of the resistance exercise, showed a low valuewithout meals. The weight of liver was not observed the effect of the resistance exercise andof the diet.In this study we have investigated the relationship between hypertrophy of skeletal muscle byexercise and fasting to examine the relationship between exercise and nutrition. The animalused in the experiment were retired female mice. Exercise was carried out by tenotomymethod. Groups were divided into four groups with five animals in each group. After theseventh day, groups of mice that ate a diet were fed for 6 days were bled under anesthesia, andwere sacrificed. Each plantaris muscle and the soleus muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, heart wereremoved; after that, each weight was measured by the electromagnetic scale. The no-foodgroup began fasting the day after the start of resistance training. After five days, mice weresacrificed in a similar manner; the weight of the organs was measured in a similar manner. Inthis experiment, the following findings were revealed. Muscle weight increased by resistancetraining without the influence of the presence or absence of the meal. Hypertrophy rate waslower in plantaris muscle compared with the soleus muscle. When the meal has been ingested,resistance exercise has been found to affect the heart weight. Regardless of diet, exerciseresistance is the average value; statistical difference was not observed. When resistanceexercise was performed, the weight of kidney in diet group showed lower values compared tothe no food group. Further, even if resistance exercise was not performed, the food groupshowed a statistically significantly lower value compared to the no food group. The weight ofthe spleen, regardless of the presence or absence of the resistance exercise, showed a low valuewithout meals. The weight of liver was not observed the effect of the resistance exercise andof the diet.

著者

阿部 真紀 小針 清子 秋田 修

出版者

実践女子大学

雑誌

実践女子大学生活科学部紀要 (ISSN:13413244)

巻号頁・発行日

no.50, pp.171-176, 2013-03

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Many kinds of salted-koji( rice-koji soaked in salted water) for pickle preparation have cometo be sold in market recently. We assayed salt and alcohol concentrations of five commercialsalted-koji. Salt concentrations were 10.2% to 13.2% and alcohol concentrations distributedfrom 2.2% to 5.7%.In addition we assayed germination ability of koji-mold (Aspergillus oryzae) and enzymeactivities remaining in five commercial salted-koji and homemade salted-koji. Homemadesalted-koji maintained the germination ability, but no commercial salted-koji showed thegermination ability.Most of the saccharifying enzyme activities of commercial salted-koji were lower than theactivities of homemade salted-koji. On the other hand, commercial salted-koji E and D had thehighest acid protease and neutral protease activities respectively in all samples. We examinedthe effect of pasteurization and ethanol on enzyme activities by using homemade salted-koji.Many kinds of salted-koji( rice-koji soaked in salted water) for pickle preparation have cometo be sold in market recently. We assayed salt and alcohol concentrations of five commercialsalted-koji. Salt concentrations were 10.2% to 13.2% and alcohol concentrations distributedfrom 2.2% to 5.7%.In addition we assayed germination ability of koji-mold (Aspergillus oryzae) and enzymeactivities remaining in five commercial salted-koji and homemade salted-koji. Homemadesalted-koji maintained the germination ability, but no commercial salted-koji showed thegermination ability.Most of the saccharifying enzyme activities of commercial salted-koji were lower than theactivities of homemade salted-koji. On the other hand, commercial salted-koji E and D had thehighest acid protease and neutral protease activities respectively in all samples. We examinedthe effect of pasteurization and ethanol on enzyme activities by using homemade salted-koji.

著者

田中 恭子 佐藤 好美 塚本 真弓 垣本 由紀子

出版者

実践女子大学

雑誌

実践女子大学生活科学部紀要 (ISSN:13413244)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.114-118, 2007-03-29

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This study investigated the problems concerning the usability of washbowls. The questionnaires distributed before the experiment revealed frequent complaints by users that washbowls were narrow and that there was excessive splashing. The experiment was conducted to confirm the usability and splashing as a function of bowl size using three females subjects (21 to 23 years of age). Four washbowl sizes were selected from the results of the questionnaires : 34cm wide and 24cm long, 39cm wide and 28cm long, 50cm wide and 33.5cm long, and 65cm wide and 37cm long. Using these sizes and two shapes (elliptical and square), the splashing area during face washing was measured as an index of usability. Four sizes and two shapes were made clipping the shape out of the filter papers. The area of splashing for each size and shape was calculated from the weight of the splashing area traced and cut from non-woven fabric. As a result, the 39cm wide and 28cm long washbowl was most popular and had the widest splashing area. Washbowls over 50cm wide exhibited less splashing area. The splashing area did not differ significantly between 50cm wide and 65cm wide washbowls, or between elliptical and square shapes. The experiment demonstrated that washbowls should be at least 50cm wide.

著者

織田 佐知子 佐藤 浩美 数野 千恵子

出版者

実践女子大学

雑誌

実践女子大学生活科学部紀要 (ISSN:13413244)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.13-18, 2011-03-10

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It is said that the sense used most when the person judges deliciousness is sight. In this study, food was illuminated with a different lighting, and a comparative study was made of the effects of each lighting on deliciousness. The lights were used three type of compact fluorescent lamps(cool white lamp(A), daylight lamp(B), warm white lamp(C)) and incandescent lamp(D). The subject of food were hot food/ (hashed potato) and fresh food (fruit). The fruits basket included an apple (red), a green grape (green), a banana (yellow), and a purple grape. That was the basic color of the food. These were set up in white boxes, and the way of seeing it was investigated. Moreover, a photograph was taken when food was illuminated with each lamp; it was measured with the colorimetry meter, and the relation to each item was examined. The lightest evaluation was incandescent lamp(D) when people look at hashed potato, and cool white lamp(A) when people look at the fruits. With cool white lamps(A), the evaluation was different according to the color and the question item as a basic color of food.

著者

城島 栄一郎 末木 妙子 馬場 奈保子

出版者

実践女子大学

雑誌

実践女子大学生活科学部紀要 (ISSN:13413244)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.126-131, 2007-03-29

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According to a questionnaire survey, around 2% of female students use parasols. They use parasols not only for sunshades but also for the psychological effects of fashion and coolness. The parasols reduce the strength of ultraviolet rays by 75-95%, and lower the head temperature by more than 10℃. In addition, they reduce the dazzle by 83-97% , except for white and yellow parasols. In this investigation, the white and light colors are preferred rather than dark colors as parasols, but it was clarified experimentally that the effects of the sunshade were higher in the dark color parasols.

著者

須賀 由紀子

出版者

実践女子大学

雑誌

実践女子大学生活科学部紀要 (ISSN:13413244)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.101-113, 2007-03-29

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この研究の目的は、現代の成熟社会にふさわしい生活文化を築くための教養教育のあり方について考察することにある。著者は、はじめに、西洋の伝統の教養教育の意味について捉える。そこでは、古典と教養が密接に結びついていることを確認する。その上で、教養教育の教材として、ダンテ『神曲』と紫式部『源氏物語』という二つの偉大な古典をとりあげ、次の観点からその価値を考察する。1)古典は、人間の本質とともに、文化の伝統を踏んだ母語の大切さについて教えてくれるものである、2)古典の中の言葉と芸術作品の間には深い関わりがある、3)古典の言葉は、現代の暮らしの創造にインスピレーションを与えてくれる力を持つ。最後に、著者は、日本の伝統における、ある教育スタイルについて取り上げる。それは、日本人の根源的な魂を孕む優れた古典の物語や和歌を語ることによって高貴な子女の心を育むという方法である。結論は、古典をいかに魅力的に生き生きと伝え、分かちあうかを工夫することが非常に重要だということである。現代の技術革新が生み出したマルチメディアやインターネットを活用した教材などは、そのために有効な手だてとなるであろう。

著者

秋山 博介

出版者

実践女子大学

雑誌

実践女子大学生活科学部紀要 (ISSN:13413244)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.1-14, 2007-03-29

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近年子どもの人口が減少しているのにもかかわらず、不登校の人数は増加している。しかも長期に渡って「ひきこもり」や「不登校」を続けている学生が増加傾向を示している。ここで危惧されるのは、長期にわたる社会や人との断絶がその後の生活に負の影響を及ぼすことが少なくないことである。このような影響を考えて支援者は援助していかないと結果として不登校→ひきこもり→フリーター→ニートへと変化する可能性がある。そこでこの解決策として(1)きちんと現実原則をふまえられるように指導すること、(2)充分に習得できなかった発達課題をもう一度補って社会化していく必要がある。以上の点において考えていくことが大切であることを言及した。