著者

ALZATE Juliana Buritica

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.133-157, 2015

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この論文は、フェミニスト障害学を通して、身体肯定と自己肯定の関連における相互信頼(interdependence)の問題について論じる。著者は「倫理の想像力」の概念に目を向けつつ、障害のある身体の経験に対して関心を持っており、このアプローチが、身体を恥じることから身体を肯定することへの文化的態度の変化という提案して大きく寄与することを論じる。 相互依存に対する肯定的な視点は、身体についての肯定的なイメージと自己肯定のより高い感覚を明るみに出す。相互依存の概念は次の三つのセクションで論じる。第一のセクションでは、間主観性の概念について明らかにし、身体と自己の間に生じる断裂を修復することに焦点を当てる。第二のセクションでは互恵関係とケアの概念について論じ、自立という理想に挑む。第三のセクションでは、自らの身体を肯定することおよび自尊心の観念と照らし合わせ、相互依存の概念について論じる。 相互依存は、障害者にも健常者にも影響を与えるもので、自立と自己充足の神話を解体する鍵となる語である。フェミニズムの障害学的視点からすると、我々は自由のしるしとしての自立の概念について再検討することが推奨される。相互依存は、自らの身体を肯定することと自尊心に対する一つのアプローチとして考えられる。相互依存を受け入れることは自分の弱さを受け入れることである。 身体障害者の経験から得られる重要な教訓とは、自己受容、ケア、そして他者の受容という三者の関係性や、身体は決して単独で存在しないという事実を含んでいる。つまり、相互に信頼しあうこととは、我々が関わりあう主体としての他者のことを慮るよう我々に促すものである。他者と関わりあうという行為は、団結と互恵モデルにとって決定的なものである。ゆえに、相互依存は我々を身体肯定と自己肯定に近づける。

著者

藤高 和輝

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.12, pp.183-204, 2017-03-31

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Gender performativity is the most famous and influential theory in Judith Butler. It questioned the sex/ gender distinction which some feminists took for granted at that time when Gender Trouble (1990) was published. This distinction regarded sex as the natural category on the one hand, gender as the cultural expression of sex on the other hand. It means naturalizing the dualistic representation of gender. On the contrary, Butler's performative theory suggested that sex is not a natural category, but is a fiction which is constructed by repeating gender performances. Through denaturalizing gender, her theory criticizes the representation of gender/ sexual minorities as "unnatural" and "abnormal," and seeks to theorize the way to make their survival possible. This paper examines how gender performativity was theorized from the 1980s to Gender Trouble. Interestingly, her performative theory cannot be reduced to speech act theory, but it was also formed in relation to other theories; feminist/ queer theory and performance theory. Indeed, in her article "Performative Act and Gender Constitution" (1988) in which she referred to "performative" at first, Butler started from Simone de Beauvoir's text, The Second Sex, and then reread Beauvoir's idea of "gender as act" as "social performance" in performance theory. Moreover, she extended Beauvoir's argument of denaturalizing sex, referring to Gayle Rubin's study of kinship, Monique Wittig's theory of sex, and Esther Newton's analysis of Drag Queen. Thus, her performative theory is found not only in the context of speech act theory, but also in contexts of feminist/ queer theory and performance theory. From this genealogical perspective, this article seeks to rethink gender performativity.

著者

羽生 有希

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.11, pp.149-174, 2016

著者

藤高 和輝

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU = ジェンダー&セクシュアリティ : 国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センタージャーナル (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.12, pp.183-204, 2017

著者

松浦 優

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.115-137, 2020-03-31

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Judith Butler’s theory of melancholy gender echoes some findings inasexuality studies; however, it does not consider asexual agency. Thus, thisarticle aims to review Butler’s literature from the standpoint of asexualitystudies. I argue that Freudian theory denies the possibility of asexualitybecause of its hypothesis of primary narcissism. Similar to melancholia,primary narcissism has the “trace” of the object. However, Butler overlooksthe significant difference between melancholia and primary narcissism. Unlikemelancholia, primary narcissism is not marked by the experience of selfberatement;thus, it does not contain any affects that can be converted topolitical expression. In the system of compulsory sexuality, asexuality can besituated in a similar position. Based on the above points, I refer to theprohibition of homosexuality in melancholia as “foreclosure” and the denialof asexuality in primary narcissism as “erasure.” In this way, Butler’sframework is extended in order to theorize the possibility of resistance inasexuality.

著者

松浦 優

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.115-137, 2020-03-31

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Judith Butler's theory of melancholy gender echoes some findings inasexuality studies; however, it does not consider asexual agency. Thus, thisarticle aims to review Butler's literature from the standpoint of asexualitystudies. I argue that Freudian theory denies the possibility of asexualitybecause of its hypothesis of primary narcissism. Similar to melancholia,primary narcissism has the "trace" of the object. However, Butler overlooksthe significant difference between melancholia and primary narcissism. Unlikemelancholia, primary narcissism is not marked by the experience of selfberatement;thus, it does not contain any affects that can be converted topolitical expression. In the system of compulsory sexuality, asexuality can besituated in a similar position. Based on the above points, I refer to theprohibition of homosexuality in melancholia as "foreclosure" and the denialof asexuality in primary narcissism as "erasure." In this way, Butler'sframework is extended in order to theorize the possibility of resistance inasexuality.

著者

平森 大規

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.91-118, 2015

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This research analyzes the effect of being a sexual and/or genderminority on income, and the effect of discriminatory language andbehavior toward sexual and gender minorities in the workplace onwillingness to continue working. Utilizing the "Survey on LGBT Issues in theWorkplace Environment 2014" conducted by Nijiiro Diversity, a nonprofitorganization, the multiple regression analyses reveal that being a minorityin terms of sexual orientation and being a transgender individual haveeffects on income, without control variables. With control variables, theassociation between income and identifying as lesbian or gay, identifyingas bisexual when gender at birth was male, or being a transgenderindividual whose gender at birth was female became insignificant.However, even after controlling other variables, being a bisexual whosegender at birth was female, being a transgender whose assigned gender atbirth was male, and possessing other sexual orientations had negativeeffects on income. This suggests that economic discrimination againstsexual and gender minorities affects various categories of sexual andgender minorities differently. Further, findings indicate that the existenceof discriminatory language and behavior toward sexual and genderminorities in the workplace has a negative effect on willingness to continueworking. As this paper used a web survey, the conclusions should not beovergeneralized.

著者

南コニー

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.107-116, 2011-03-31

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The "International Women's Day" celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2010. The 2010 International Women's Conference was held in Copenhagen commemorating the day proposed by female activist Clara Zetkin at the International Socialist Conference in 1910. At theconference, feminists and politicians mainly from western countries had panel discussions in which they engaged in a number of debates concerning the necessity and the problems of modern feminism. According to the Gender Gap Report at the 2010 World Economic forum, Northern Europe nations such as Iceland, Finland, Norway and Sweden rank high on the list of countries where the gap between men and women is narrow. Unfortunately, the same report shows that Japan ranked 94th out of 134 countries. These results are calculated by the gender gap index in terms of women's employment opportunities, education, health, and political roles. Japan's particular concern is the lacking of women's participation in the spheres of employment and politics. In order to improve this situation, this report intends to highlight Northern European countries' past efforts and their current attitudes in the field of gender equality. On the other hand, the 2010 Corporate Gender Gap Report indicates that only 4% of CEOs in Japan are female, a fact that is caused by lack examples of women in positions of power, the cultural background of the male hegemony, and a shortage of networks and employee training. Moreover, there are many cases in which women leave their jobs when they marry or have children. It is therefore becoming more difficult for them to advance in society or to climb to managerial post. Japan faces a large number of challenges in terms of gender issues, which cannot be separated from the traditional Japanese understanding of hierarchy, family and image of women in the public sphere. This report is aiming at opening new perspectives on gender equality in Japan by introducing current views proposed by female activists from around the world at the 2010 International Women's Conference.

著者

羽生 有希

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.11, pp.149-174, 2016-03-31

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Resonating with early queer theory's motifs such as appropriation, LeeEdelman's No Future or its central theme, queer negativity, has received notonly applause but also fair criticism, and thereby occupied one of the centralpositions in recent queer theory. In response to such criticism, Edelmanclarifies that the negativity he proposes should not be equated with thesimple negation of particular political positions, and its refusal of “positiveidentity” should rather be directed to the identity principle on which ourwhole society rests. Although such a radical challenge to positive identitycannot be underestimated, we might question whether such a drive-like,amorphous queer resistance tacitly preserves or rehabilitates the positiveidentity it purports to negate. It should also be asked how, while criticizingsuch an insidious risk, we can reframe queer negativity.In order to answer these questions, this paper firstly examines thesimilarities between the argument of queer negativity and that of Frenchfeminist theory, focusing on the concept of improper subject; botharguments, relying on Lacanian psychoanalysis, insist on dis (ap) propriationof identity.After demonstrating their connection, the second section of this paperexplores the criticism offered by Gayatri C. Spivak of such insistence on thedivided subject, and, by doing so, marks the risk that the argument of queernegativity might entail. This section first considers her criticism againstJacqueline Rose. Based on Derridean affirmative deconstruction and hisuse of catachresis, Spivak proposes to understand the subjectivity of thedecentered subject not as a privileged right but as “a bind to be watched”.She also warns against Rose’s reduction of the difference between theontico-epistemological subject and the ethicopolitical subject. Through a reading of such criticism, this paper suggests that an argument like thatof Rose implicitly obliterates the trace of the wholly-other, which is onlynoticeable by attending to the catachresis “woman”, and that it reintroducesthe sovereign subject.The latter part of the second section connects such metaphysicalarguments with the political analysis also made by Spivak. This partexplores the criticism against Foucault / Deleuze, focusing on (A) the statusof the “desire” as catachresis and (B) the inattention to the gap betweendescriptive representation and political representation, which can berespectively compared with (A’) the status of the catachresis “woman” and(B’) the reduction of the difference between the ontico-epistemologicalsubject and the ethicopolitical subject. The inattention to the gap betweenDarstellung and Vertrerung leads to, according to Spivak, the perpetuation ofbourgeois ideology. Functioning with that kind of ideology, the confusion ofthe desire of the empirical instance with that of the transcendental instancerehabilitates the S / subject and implicitly preserves the transparent subjectof the theorists. This paper, based on the similarities between the argumentof queer negativity and that of the French feminist theory demonstratedearlier, lastly directs the criticism on French theory offered by Spivak to theargument of queer negativity. It concludes that queer negativity is to be“watched” in order to affirm the radical negativity of the other.

著者

堀 真悟

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.33-60, 2015

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The objective of this paper is to critically examine the problemssurrounding a constructionism of social problems, which is rooted in theconcept of claim-making activity, by returning to its original model. The concept of claim-making analyzes the activities of people whoconstruct social problems, the idea for which was taken from the surge ofminorities who came out in the 1960s and 70s. However, theconstructionism of social problems has an underlying methodologicalproblem, as it ignores its pair concept: that of the closet. Until now, themagnetic field of epistemological power that is able to understand people's activities in advance–what Eve Sedgwick termed "the epistemology ofthe closet" ̶has been overlooked. When researchers use the concept ofclaim-making, they make the activities of people both divisible andcomprehensible, which in turn makes Erving Goffman's "encounter"possible. Yet, at the same time, it is an act of power that involves theremoval of things that are not understandable, and through this,researchers obtain a kind of self-contained pleasure through theirdiscovery of "truth." The key to overcoming such problems inherent in the constructionism ofsocial problems lies within the experiences traditionally discarded as being"incomprehensible." Third World feminist scholar Mari Oka recalled suchexperiences as being a type of "missed encounter." Through conducting aceaseless dialogue with the experience of "missed encounters," which arerecursive in nature like trauma, one can re-imagine/re-create the realityone has safely inhabited until the present. In fact, this may be the onlysignificant task permitted by a constructionism of social problems.

著者

田島 悠来 タジマ ユキ Yuki TAJIMA

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.8, pp.53-81, 2013

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Using men's studies,this paper will examine the images and reception of"Johnny's"in "myojo" magazine(Shuueisha).At the same time,it willdeepen the understnading of its conception through interviews with theeditor.Magazines from November 2002-October 2012,including thefront cover,reader's page and colored photographs,will be analyzed.Theresearcn focuses on finding a connection between Johnny's and thereaders,and how the relationships between Johnny's stars are depicted.Especially regarding the latter point,this essay argues that there is a connecion to the theories of Eve Sedgewick on"homosocial,homophobia,and misogyny"(1985-2001). The above leads to the conclusion that,in Myojo,Johnny's arerepresented as tne readers'love interests,so the magazine functions asthe site of a pseudo-romance between the readers and the entertainers.In addition,it seems clear that this is the editor's purpose.In themagazine,while excluding women and emphasizing the bond betweenJohnny's members,homosociality is highlighted,and further,assosiatedwith homosexuality in both discourse and symbolism.Conversely,Johnny's express their manliness through their rivalries and their highlevel of athletic ability,which constitutes an opposing image to that ofhomosexuality.In conclusion,although the magazine depictshomosocial relationships between Johnny"s members without homophobia,there is no connection to Sedgewick's theories because these relationshipsare created by a female perspective,are about aheterosexual love imagined by the editors,and occur in the limited spaceof"readers will outgrow the material sooner or later."

著者

プラガットウティサーン チュティア

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.29-50, 2005

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性的虐待が文学研究で取り上げられるようになったのは最近の現象である。しかし,性的虐待の物語の稀少さはタイ社会で性的虐待がほとんど起きていないことを意味するものではない。性的虐待の語りの最も重要なテーマの一つは,虐待の体験者たちが見せる,自らの物語を語ることへの欲望と,その物語を語り得ないことに対する無念さとの狭間の緊張である。性的虐待の問題は,それを表現する媒体としてだけでなく,虐待の意味性を構築し挑戦する役割を果たすものとしての言語の問題と切り離すことはできないのだ。重要になるのは,語りと事実の間の呼応関係ではなく,ある歴史的状況のもとに物語が生産され消費される,その文化的枠組みの中に虐待の語りを位置付け考えることだろう。文化的現象としての性的虐待の語りの登場は,体験者の声と支配的言説の間に緊張を生み出し,そこにおいて私たちは体験者の役割と支配的文化における治癒力を考察することができる。この研究では,性的暴力がタイ社会で声を奪われていた理由を,SEA 賞の受賞者であるアンチャンの最新小説であるOn the Mouth of the World(2003)におけるレイプの表象を通じて考えたい。この小説は性の問題を正面から取り上げた数少ない文学作品の一つである。前書きの中で作者は執筆意図をタイ社会に置いてタブーとされてきた性の問題に光を当てることだと明言している。この小説は,アンという名の女性の物語が男性のナレーターのジョンによって語られる。ジョンによれば,アンは上流家庭に生まれた若く美しい,性的魅力のある女性である。彼女は反伝統主義者であり,ジョンを含む数え切れないほどの男性と遊びまわり関係を持つことで性差の既成概念を超越している。物語の転換点は彼女が妊娠に気付いた時点である。自分が父親かもしれないと考えたジョンは,彼女を助けようと考え結婚して家族を持とうと彼女に申し出る。しかし,彼女はその申し出を断り,代わりに子供時代に体験し現在のセックスに対する中毒を招くこととなった,義父や祖母付の運転手,自分の教師との性体験を告白する。アンの語りを聞いたジョンは彼女から離れる決意をする。彼は自分の語りを,おそらく変質的な性的欲望によって引き起こされたであろう彼女の悲劇的な死の報告と,ニーという女性との結婚から生まれた女の子をアンと名づけたことで締めくくる。この小説はタイ社会における性的虐待の典型的な受容と理解を表現した模範的なテクストとして読み解くことができる。アンについての物語であるが,彼女の物語の書き手となり自らの視点から彼女を解釈し評価するのは,男性の語り手であるジョンである。彼の語りにおいてジョンはアンを善良な少女か悪い少女のどちらかとして捉え,彼女のセクシュアリティに対する不安と,それを従属させたいという自らの欲望をその2 項対立に反映させる。自らの物語を語ることを押し通し父権的社会からは容認されていない役割を身に着けることで,アンは困難な状況にある女性を助け出す英雄というジョンのロマン主義的概念を打ち壊し,彼の物語が直線的な語りと整った結末を達成することを妨げる。アンの死は,既存文化の語りに自らの物語をはめ込むことを拒否する女性への父権の暴力を象徴していると言えるだろう。フェミニスト批評がもたらした解釈戦略によって,アンの物語を読み直し,男性的な語りの中に埋め込まれた女性のプロットを再発見することが可能になった。知識生産の状況に注目することによって女性の物語を発掘することができるのだ。奇妙に近しさのある虐待体験の世界から響くアンの声は,変質的な性的嗜好を持つ堕落した少女というよりは,無力で怯えた性暴力の被害者の物語を語る。この小説における真の悲劇は,アンの語りを読み理解することができず,結果として彼女を救うことに失敗するジョンにある。性にまつわる物語を語ることは簡単ではなく,リスクと期待が共に伴う。明白にレイプの証言であるアンのジョンに対する告白は,彼女が自分自身を誘惑の対象ではなく誘惑者であると主張する,ねじれた結末がある。一般的には物語の虚構性の証明と見なされるこのような矛盾は,被害者が自らの体験に意味性を与えようとする苦悩を表わしているのだ。ここに見られるのは,体験を乗り越え生き残るための被害者の関与と戦略だけではなく,虐待側が無垢を主張し虐待された側が恥と罪悪感を背負うというレイプの神話を被害者自身が内在化するという,複雑な過程である。つまり,学者や専門家が沈黙の打破を抵抗の現われとして称揚するのに対し,アンの告白から浮かび上がることは,レイプの言葉と男女間関係性の支配的構造が女性の抵抗を通じて自らを語り続けているということである。

著者

菊地 夏野

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.11, pp.9-29, 2016-03-31

著者

大木 清香

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

ジェンダー&セクシュアリティ (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.6, pp.5-23, 2011

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This paper aims to discuss the works of Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud dealing withhysteria in which the predominant analytical methods of psychoanalysis of the twentiethcentury are established. It is important to focus on the fact that this therapeutic relationship isbetween a male analyst and a female patient in discussing hysteria because the gender aspectwill be investigated here from a feminist perspective. A joint work of Breuer and Freud, Studies on Hysteria (1895), and Freud's Fragment of anAnalysis of a Case of Hysteria (1905) which is also known as Dora will be examined in thiscontext. Gender studies regard hysteria, specifically in Freud'ian psychoanalysis, as beingtypically a female condition. There was a 21 year old woman named Anna O. who underwent psychological treatment with Breuer. From this "talking cure", language became an importantmedium for analyzing the unconscious. As another example, Dora was 18 years old when shewent to Freud's clinic. A psychological model of hysteria is developed by Freud primarily fromhis masculine perspective, though many patients are female. Thus Freud interprets Dora's symptoms mainly from a male point of view and wrote about it in his Fragment of an Analysisof a Case of Hysteria. The development of an identity for the patient Dora becomes problematicin the end. It ought to be asked why the sexual distinction drives the analyst's power over thefemale patient. This paper investigates a possible reason for such differentiation in the function of "libido" and the difference forms of "expression" in language between man and woman; analyst andpatient. As a theoretical basis, Luce Irigaray's This Sex Which Is Not One (1977) will be used. Lastly, the problem of gender and hysteria discourse is discussed using the case of an Austrianauthor, Ingeborg Bachmann, who wrote a fragmented novel called The Book of Franza (1965/66). The novel shows an example of how the relationship between man and woman,analyst and patient, can be tied to power.

著者

福田 和子

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.141-144, 2020-03-31

著者

黄 馨儀

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

ジェンダー&セクシュアリティ (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.61-94, 2010

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There is abundant research on the way women' s images have been portrayed intelevision dramas with regard to the issue of women and the media, but yet few of these studies focus on _asadora_, the early morning television series on NHK in Japan. This series has played a major role in shaping the image of Japanese women to the present day, portraying the life of a woman as she grows from being a daughter, a wife to a mother. By identifying the components and characteristics of _asadora_, this paper will explain not only how this genre started but reconfirm its content and the heroine's image. The paper will also focus on the turnabout of _asadora_, and discuss if and how it is related to female viewers. Based on previous research, asadora was initially intended as a literary program, but it seems that its content was changed after the highly popular _Ohanahan_ series was broadcast in 1966. In this paper, I clarified the changing form by revisiting the television drama andarticles from selected 60's magazines. In conclusion, the reason of the conversion isstrongly linked to the fact that the majority of the audience is female. The _Ohanahan_ series in 1966 had a tremendous response from female viewers, most of whom were housewives. This was largely due to the social background of the 1960's. The division of labor that resulted from this period of high economic growth in Japan gave rise to increasing numbers of "modern housewives." _Asadora_ has since shifted its theme to the 'biography of a woman' , in particular constructing the typical _asadora_ heroine: the cheerful and reliable mother who always sacrifices herself for the family. This kind heroine and the similar story lines became the paradigm of _asadora_ as known by the general public today. The conversion is an extremely important clue when contemplating the later works of _asadora_.

著者

田中 麻子

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.91-112, 2014-03-31

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Pubic hair removal has become very normative in recent years, especiallyfor young women in western countries. It has also influenced contemporaryJapanese women in their twenties and thirties. On one hand,“Hygienina,” which is derived from “Hygiene(originally meanscleanliness)”, has been a focal point of cleanliness and fashion in Japan. Onthe other hand, many Japanese women are hesitant to remove all of theirpubic hair because of the stereotype that they are forced to remove it.Further, removal of all of the hair is seen as lewd and instigates socialprejudice. My research was investigated Japanese women’s experiences ofpubic hair removal and social awareness about female genitals and pubichair removal in Japan. I interviewed 65 women who have removed theirpubic hair, and found that the half of interviewees had experiences ofremoving all of their pubic hair, and hair removals were performed for thesake of cleanliness and not for reasons related to sexual activities. I alsoconcluded that in comparison with western countries, Japan has a strongsocial norm not to remove all pubic hair and sexual prejudice againstpeople who deviate from that norm. Furthermore, my research clarifiedthat these women are not only overwhelmed by social norms, but they arealso actively engaged in trying to change social awareness. They are alsobuilding self-esteem through enjoyment of pubic hair removal experience.

著者

アムール=マヤール オリビエ

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.29-47, 2018-03-31

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ヴァンパイアについての最近の映画やテレビドラマシリーズの中には、社会的-政治的観点から、特に2 つほど注目に価するものがある。ギレルモ・デル・トロ (Guillermo del TORO ) によって制作された、アメリカのテレビドラマシリーズ『ストレイン (The Strain)』(2014) と、ジョン・ローガン (JohnLOGAN) のイギリスのテレビドラマシリーズ『ペニー・ドレッドフル (PennyDreadful)』(2014) は、ロマンティックな要素と性的な含意がすべて奪い去られた、まったく新しいヴァンパイアのイメージを描いている。『ストレイン』と『ペニー・ドレッドフル』、どちらのケースにおいても、ヴァンパイアはもはや、19世紀のブラム・ストーカー(『ドラキュラ』)、あるいは20世紀初頭のムルナウ(『ノスフェラトゥ』)によって描かれた、彼らの祖先のように、ユダヤ人共同体の暗喩的な表象としては描かれていないことは明らかである。実際には彼らは今では、イスラム原理主義者という侵略者のステレオタイプとして描かれている。これらのドラマのどちらにも、政治的・経済的衰退の中で構築されたスケープゴートの同じような輪郭を見ることができる。 本稿では、初めにある1つの共同体(ユダヤ人)から別の共同体(擬似ムスリム)への、固定観念の転換を示す。 次に、ある1つのスケープゴートの姿が別のものへと変わることについて、イスラム原理主義者のメタファーとしてのヴァンパイアを描こうとして過去から取り入れた、特徴的な姿を強調するために、本稿では2つのテレビドラマシリーズを別々に提示する。 最後に、どのようにして宗教的な差別が、何らかの形で、ジェンダー/LGBTQ差別と常に強く結びつけられているかを強調するために、(筆者がこのように呼んでいる)「マイノリティ・ポリシー」の問題に焦点をあてる。

著者

En-Yi TING Grace

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.67-81, 2020-03-31

著者

FOTACHE Ioana

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.11, pp.175-204, 2016-03-31

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本稿は草食男子と無性愛の共通する特徴を説明するものである。無性愛は少しずつ性的指向として西洋の言説の中で受け入れられ始めている。他方、草食男子は日本のメディアにおいて注目を集めている。筆者は草食性に関する先行研究を見直し、無性愛の特徴と比較することで、草食男子と無性愛に共通の基盤を見出すことが出来ると考えている。それを明らかにすることで、無性愛と同様に草食性が異性愛中心言説に対して抵抗的なアイデンティティ・ポリティックスとなる可能性を秘めていることを提示出来るのだ。現在の強制的異性愛中心主義の社会は、ジュディス・バトラー(1999)が定義した「異性愛的マトリックス」によって保たれている。このマトリックスはジェンダー・セックス・欲求の相関関係によって成立するが、草食男子や無性愛者はこの相関関係から「欲求」を欠落させている。このことから、彼らは既存の支配的マトリックスを破壊し、男らしさの言説を再定義する可能性を持つと考えられる。すでに、先行研究では、無性愛が自然な行動異で、性愛中心主義に対して抵抗出来る可能性を持つと論じられている。しかし、無性愛と草食性の共通性は未だ考察されていない。その結果、草食性は異性愛中心主義に抵抗する可能性を持った性的志向としてではなく、日本社会への社会経済的反応として研究されてきた。草食男子のインタビューによると、彼らは根本的にセックス、または恋愛に興味がないことが明らかとなっている。これは無性愛者の定義そのものである。無性愛者コミュニティの「傘」の下に彼らの居場所を見出すことで、草食男子は自らのセクシュアリティや行動をより理解出来るようになると考える。