著者

佐藤 知己

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター = Center for Northern Humanities, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北方人文研究 (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.205-211, 2012-03-31

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1. Introduction 2. Dialects of the Ainu language 3. The structure of the Ainu language 4. The historical relationships between Ainu and neighboring languages 5. Conclusion

著者

山田 幸子

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター

雑誌

北方人文研究 (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.51-70, 2017-03-10

著者

津曲 敏郎 Kanchuga Aleksandr Aleksandrovich

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター = Center for Northern Humanities, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北方人文研究 (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.75-93, 2011-03

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ここに紹介するのは、A.カンチュガ氏によるウデヘ語自伝テキスト第2巻に収められた民話(nima ku)の1篇である。原著者自身によるロシア字表記と録音をもとに、ローマ字音韻表記にあらため、文法分析と英訳を加えた。話のあらすじは次のとおり:ソロモという若者が嫁をもらったが、この嫁の正体はキツネで、あるとき夫を槍で刺し殺し、棺に入れて川に流す。棺は途中二度にわたり、下流に住む女の岸に流れ着くが、いずれもかかわりを嫌った女たちによって流れに押し戻されてしまう。三度目にたどり着いた岸で、タウシマという女に引き上げられるが、棺の中には髪の毛と小指しか残っていなかった。彼女はみずからシャーマンの儀式を行って、三日後に若者の身体と命を取り戻す。二人は一緒に暮らし始め、やがて結婚して、ソロモの両親のいる故郷の上流に向かって漕ぎ出す。途中で例の二人の女のもとに寄るが、事情を知って悔んだ女たちはそれぞれ首をくくってしまう。故郷の近くでもとの妻であるキツネに出会い、彼女がソロモの幸せを願いながら両親の面倒を見ていたことを知る。タウシマとともに両親のもとに帰り、四人で暮らし始める。ソロモとタウシマは長生きしてたくさんの子どもに恵まれた。

著者

蔡 熙鏡

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター = Center for Northern Humanities, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北方人文研究 = Journal of the Center for Northern Humanities (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.129-135, 2013-03-31

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This folktale was told by Mrs. Valentina Nikolaevna Sachgun who was born in the village Ygbo (Nogliki District) in 1935. The folktale was recorded in February 27, 2011 during my fieldwork in the village of Nogliki. Then I transcribed the folktale with the help of Mrs. Galina Ivanova Paklina, another speaker of the East-Sakhalin Dialect of Nivkh, in September 14, 2012. Caror and Rabbit In the old days, People took some of rabbit skins and brought it with them when they go to Pot for hunting. When they were in Pot, ducks appeared at night and were fluttering over them and making noise while crying. They made a fire, when my friend had been making a fire they (the ducks) were fluttering over them. The ducks came down with the wings and hit on the ice of the ground and then they changed into a person. They (the ducks) changed into a person, the Caror. Then those people who are the people of water said. It is said that they have long legs and the body is short. Then, asked to my friend. “What kinds of flesh of animals do you eat in your village?” My friend answered. “We eat only the animals bouncing far away”. (and then) he took the rabbit skin on the hand and showed it to them. At the sight of the skin of a rabbit, all of the Caror jumped on the water and changed into the birds, and they flew away. In the old days, Caror is said to have lived in the water but in the land. When they killed the rabbits and were eating them, other rabbits gathered and drove out Caror. The rabbits drove out Caror into the water. That’s why Caror hate rabbits. It is said that they fear even rabbit skins because they fear rabbits. The end, the end

著者

津曲 敏郎

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター = Center for Northern Humanities, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北方人文研究 (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.45-57, 2010-03

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In the historical sites of the Okhotsk culture in Hokkaido, some artifacts made of walrus tusk have been found. The fact tells us that there was the walrus tusk trade between Chukchi-Kamchatka and southern area including Sakhalin and Hokkaido. Actually, the trade extended to China, and continued from the Middle Ages until the early 20th century. The present paper is an attempt to trace the route of the journey of walrus linguistically. As a tentative result, a Chukchi word for 'walrus' was borrowed by Even with changing the meaning into 'tusk', and then it spread to most of the Tungusic languages. The Uilta word for 'walrus', which may be a doublet of the word for 'tusk', was possibly introduced into Nivkh and Sakhalin Ainu. Then the Nivkh form for 'walrus' was brought into other Amur Tungusic. Though much more evidence is needed for our discussion, it may hopefully exemplify that linguistic data, as well as archeological materials, may serve as a powerful tool to trace the spread of culture.北海道のオホーツク文化の遺跡からセイウチの牙製とみられる彫像が出土しているが、このことからセイウチの棲息地であるチュクチ・カムチャツカ地域との間に、かつてセイウチの牙の交易ルートがあったことが想定されている。人とモノの流れがあったところに、ことばの行き来もまたあったはずである。特にセイウチのような棲息域の限られた動物であれば、交易品として珍重されたその牙とともに、セイウチや牙を表わす単語もまた北から南へと伝えられたに違いない。本稿はセイウチの旅を言語学的に跡付ける試みである。出発点としてチュクチ語の「セイウチ」をあらわす語が、隣接するエウェン語に「牙」の意味で取り入れられたことを想定する。この語はエウェンキー語を経て、アムール流域のツングース諸語に広がった。これがサハリンのウイルタ語に再び「セイウチ」を表わす語として入り、そこからニブフ語とサハリン・アイヌ語にも伝わったと考えられる。ニブフ語の「セイウチ」はさらにアムール流域のツングース諸語の「セイウチ」の直接の語源となっている。このように、特にサハリン・アムール地域の言語間の関係はなかなかに複雑であり、これをもってセイウチをめぐる語の借用関係が解明されたとは言えない。本稿では、文化の伝播を考える上で言語的データが重要な意味をもつことを例証し、あわせてそうした言語が失われつつある現実にも注意を喚起する。

著者

井上 紘一

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター

雑誌

北方人文研究 (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.8, pp.101-123, 2015-03

著者

永山 ゆかり

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター

雑誌

北方人文研究 (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.95-108, 2014-03

著者

周 菲菲

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター = Center for Northern Humanities, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北方人文研究 = Journal of the Center for Northern Humanities (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.29-46, 2013-03-31

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This article deals with the destination image of Otaru, which has several sides and is changing because of the visiting of Chinese tourists. Tourism is planned on the destination image, and is centered on the consumption of the image. Tourists confirm and renew the image on the trip, and finally, will create new image which would affect the tourists’ image reflectively. Internet has especially great influence to the destination image during the process nowadays. Aiming to clarify the destination image of Otaru, the writer uses the actor-network theory and finds Chinese tourists consuming different images from China. The writer will show how the images are consumed and re-produced in tourism examining three cases. Moreover, as seeing new sides of the images, we will figure out the consumption of the destination image works as a network which links the people, things and informations around.

著者

今村 信隆

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター = Center for Northern Humanities, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北方人文研究 = Journal of the Center for Northern Humanities (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.1-27, 2013-03-31

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It is often said that since the modern art theories and oil paintings had been introduced into Japan in the beginning of the Meiji era, animal paintings by Japanese oil painters have been relatively rare. From the 1930s to the early 1940s, however, animal subjects in Japanese oil paintings have exceptionally increased both in quality and quantity. Mainly discussing this period, the argument of this paper shows that for some oil painters who were born in Hokkaido, animal subjects were one of the chief ways to meet the requirement of “local color”. IGUSHI Kaichi (1911-1955), born in the north-east part of Hokkaido prefecture, often painted animals of his homeland. Some of his works in the 1930s, paintings of seals or foxes, were interpreted by his contemporaries as a typical representation of his homeland, and the painter himself referred to his own ambition to depict some “local color”. KUNIMATSU Noboru (1907-1994), one of the most famous animal painters in Hokkaido, also has included animals such as birds and dogs in his works since the 1930s. OGAWARA Shu (1911-2002) started his career as a surrealist. But in the early 1940s, as his style was shifted to more north conscious one, he depicted some animals. In order to paint wild cranes from life, UENOYAMA Kiyotsugu (1889-1960) explored frozen fields in the east coast of Hokkaido from the mid 1930s onward. His Japanese crane paintings show disconnection from traditional crane subjects in Japanese-style paintings. Hokkaido prefecture, the northernmost part of Japan, has not only the unique fauna but also some prominent painters who have frequently depicted animal subjects.

著者

白 尚燁

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター = Center for Northern Humanities, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北方人文研究 = Journal of the Center for Northern Humanities (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.103-119, 2013-03-31

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Most of the Tungusic languages have two forms (inclusive/exclusive) in the first plural pronoun, depending on whether it includes the addressee or not. It is possible to divide the previous works on the morphological analysis of Tungusic inclusive forms into the following two ways: 1) Tungusic inclusive consists of the first and second person pronoun, 2) it is composed of the first person pronoun with plural suffix in it. Reexamining these two studies above, this paper aims to clarify the morphological structure of inclusive in Tungusic by focusing on inclusive forms in the personal pronoun, declension and personal suffix. In conclusion, it is presumed to be difficult to determine how to reconstruct the base element of Old Tungusic inclusive forms since there is no solid phonological correspondence to prove it at the present stage. However, the chance that Tungusic inclusive has the plural suffix in it is considered to be high like some previous works mentioned. In addition, there have been some previous studies on inclusive or inclusive-like function with plural suffix in other Altaic (Mongolic, Turkic). Therefore, there may be a possibility in composing inclusive or inclusive-like function of using the plural element in the Altaic languages.

著者

山越 康裕

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター = Center for Northern Humanities, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北方人文研究 (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.95-111, 2012-03-31

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This paper aims to examine the function of “participles” (also known as “verbal nouns”) in Shinekhen Buryat, which belongs to the Mongolic language family. In the Altaic linguistics, verbal inflections are classified into three inflectional categories. 1) Finite forms (including indicatives and optatives); 2) converbs; and 3) participles. However, some “participles” seem to be less inflectional than the other “prototypical participles.” Therefore, by using Malchukov’s (2006) functional hierarchy of recategorization, we examine the situation of the decategorization (deverbalization) and recategorization (nominalization) of each of the “participles.” Furthermore, we will see that it is very difficult to classify some inflectional forms into “participles” or “converbs,” since such forms have both participial (modifying nouns) and converbial functions (modifying verbs). In conclusion, I will suggest the following two points: a) We can recognize some of the “participles,” which are more deverbalized than the “prototypical participles,” as the deverbal nominals rather than verbal inflections. b) In Shinekhen Buryat, we can not simply classify all the inflectional forms into three categories (finite forms, converbs, and participles). It does not seem to be suitable to classify non-finite forms into participles and converbs. We should reconsider the verbal inflections of the Altaic languages in a new framework.

著者

山田 祥子

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター = Center for Northern Humanities, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北方人文研究 (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.179-191, 2012-03-31

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This paper intends to introduce Professor Jiro Ikegami’s contributions to the study on the Uilta language. The contents are as below: 1. The Uilta and studies on their language 1.1 About the Uilta people 1.2 Some studies on the Uilta language (before Prof. Ikegami) 2. Prof. Ikegami’s study 2.1 On Hokkaido (1949~) 2.2 On Sakhalin (1990~) 3. Contributions from Prof. Ikegami’s study 3.1 For the native community on Sakhalin 3.2 For the younger generation of researchers

著者

佐藤 知己

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター

雑誌

北方人文研究 (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.55-68, 2008-03-31

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It is known that Ainu has two types of compound noun constructions: the “modifying construction” and the “pseudo-modifying construction”. However, the term “modifying construction” from the outset contradicts the so-called “syntactic atomicity”of words, one of the most basic principles of word formation in general linguistic terms. Here, I suggest that among the compound nouns with the modifying construction, some are compound nouns exceptional in their construction, formed, as it were, directly from phrases (i.e. “phrase-word” by Bloomfield), while others are words containing a kind of verbal noun converted from the corresponding intransitive verb, formed, in turn, through “object-incorporation”. This assumption is supported by the fact that the number of compound nouns with the modifying construction is not so large in the lexicon as a whole (so, exceptional and marginal)and also supported by the fact that examples of the compound nouns with the modifying constituent “subject+transitive verb” are extremely few: the pattern “subject+transitive verb”is usually not possible as an intransitive verb with noun incorporation in Ainu, and therefore cannot be used as a verbal noun of the first member of a compound noun.