著者

吉田 豊

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.165-176, 1988 (Released:2010-03-12)

被引用文献数

2

著者

岡田 明憲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.66-77, 1985 (Released:2010-03-12)

著者

谷一 尚

出版者

The Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.124-137, 1997

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During the years 1995-1996, the Yuangzhou Archaeological Excavations in China, funded by Japan Ministry of Education Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research, was a Joint Project by Japan and China.<br>During 1995, we discovered the Tomb of Shi Daoluo who lived during Tang dynasty, and was buried in 658 A. D. A Byzantine gold coin (Justin II, 565-578 A. D.) was discovered.<br>During 1996, the tomb of the Northern Zhou dynasty prime minister Tian Hong was discovered, who died and was buried in 575 A. D.<br>Five Byzantine gold coins: one Leo I, the Thracian (457-474 A. D.) coin, one Justin I (518-527 A. D.) coin, two Justinian I, co-regent (527 A. D.) coins, and one Justinian I, the Great (527-565 A. D.) coin were found.<br>This thesis 1) describes in detail and lists Byzantine gold coins excavated in China from 1914 to the present, including the coins from the Tomb of Shi Daoluo and from the Tomb of Tian Hong, 2) considers the background of cultural and economic relations between China and the West.

著者

宮岡 孝尚

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.144-161, 2003-09-30 (Released:2010-03-12)

被引用文献数

1 1

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As nationalism was one of the most important aspects of Kemalism, the early Turkish Republic showed no interest in the areas and peoples beyond her border. Atatürk suppressed the activities of those advocating Pan Turkism and had them purged, but after his death, Ismet Inönü recognized their rights and the movement rose again.During the final years of the First World War, Nuri Pasha, who was one of the younger brothers of Enver Pasha, and his uncle Halil Pasha advanced towards the Caucasus region with an army. After the war they stayed in Berlin. After returning to Turkey, Nuri established a weapon factory. Many people visited him because of the nostalgia they felt for his brother Enver Pasha. During the republican era, there were many generals and officers within the Turkish Armed Forces who admired Enver Pasha, and the relatives of generals monopolized the weapon industry.Hüseyin Hüsnü Emir Erkilet fought together with German colleagues during the First World War and retired as a major general in 1932. As for the reason for his retiring at such a young age, a famous story has it that it was because he gave the map of the fortified zone of Çanakkale to the Germans, but the real reason was his intimate relationship with the Freedom Party.In 1925, Nuri and Erkilet secretly assembled with friends who had fought in Caucasus, in 1940 Erkilet, Halil and their families vacationed together, and after 1941 they often held meetings concerned with the Turkic peoples living in the Soviet Union.It was thought that Erkilet was pro-German, though in his articles in the ‘Cumhuriyet’ newspaper he seemed to be neutral. However, after the start of the Nazi-Soviet War, he was active against not only the Soviet Union but also the Russians.In September 1941 Nuri visited Berlin, and proposed to persons of authority in the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs that the Turkic peoples found their own states and organize the Muslim corps to support the German forces. Moreover, he stated that a Pan Turkist cabinet would be formed in Turkey and most of the officers would support it, and he mentioned the name of General Kazim Orbay, his brotherin-law who commanded the 3rd Army, as a person who would play an important role in the Pan Turkism movement.Hitler personally invited the two retired generals Erkilet and Ali Ihsan Sabis to the eastern front, and so they applied for the necessary visas for leaving the country. However the Turkish government intervened and replaced Sabis with General Ali Fuat Erden. In this way, the Turkish government turned the personal invitation into an official one.In 1944, after the advance of the Red Army towards Eastern Europe, the Turkish government arrested the Pan Turkists and began the trial so-called “Racism and Pan Turkism Trial.” They were convicted on the pretext of having cooperated with the Germans. However since Nuri and Erkilet were prominent persons under the patronage of the Turkish Armed Forces, they were neither arrested nor indicted even though they had close German ties.General Erden, who was promoted to chief judge of the Supreme Court-Martial, dismissed the verdict of the “Racism and Pan-Turkism Trial.” As the reason for this dismissal, it was thought that he believed that it was not necessary for Turkey to demonstrate any sympathy for the Soviet Union. However, at the same time, there were conflicts between Inonu and the Turkish Armed Forces as is shown by the contraversy over Fevzi Çakmak's pension and Orbay's resignation. After the war, the explosion in Nuri's factory and his death gave rise to active discussions in the Turkish National Assembly. This also proves that there were many opponents to Inönu.

著者

岩見 隆

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.78-89, 1985 (Released:2010-03-12)

著者

小山 雅人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.145-157, 1985-09-30 (Released:2010-03-12)

著者

和田 浩一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.141-156, 2018-03-31 (Released:2021-04-01)

参考文献数

48

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Settlement burials existed in dynastic Egypt, like in other agricultural societies throughout the world. Since the ancient Egyptians thought that the dead should be separated from the living, it is important to consider the meaning of this. This paper carries out a comprehensive study of settlement burials in dynastic Egypt. Although both children and adults were buried within settlements, the interments of the latter always pre- or post-date the period of occupancy of the settlement. It is therefore possible to say that the separation of the dead and the living was carried out for adult burials. For analysis in this study, settlement burials are divided into three types based on the age of the deceased and the simultaneity of burial and settlement: (Type 1) child burials contemporary with a settlement, (Type 2) pre- or post-dated settlement burials only children were interred, and (Type 3) pre- or post-dated settlement burials where children and adults were mixed. The age distributions for Type 1 and 2 are somewhat different: the former type is exclusively of children under six months old, while the latter also includes children of up to two years. This tendency suggests that “true” settlement burial in dynastic Egypt may have been a burial custom only for fetuses and very young infants, and that nursing children were at least buried in settlements, even if in houses already abandoned. Except for the age distribution, the difference between Type 1 and 2 is obscure. Since some Type 2 burials were found in the same space as Type 1, these might share the perceptions of the place as a burial site. Other Type 2 burials seem to follow the idea of separation of the dead from the living. The variety of child settlement burials suggests that the ancient Egyptians treated the young dead as having a different kind of existence from the adult dead.

著者

杉村 貞臣

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.67-76, 1976-09-30 (Released:2010-03-12)

著者

小板橋 又久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.16-32, 1996 (Released:2010-03-12)

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This paper deals with RS 15. 30+15. 49+17. 389 (H. 6) excavated in Ras Shamra, from a cultural historical point of view.We can see that the Hurrianized Akkadian terms, together with the numerals of H. 6 are related to a type of musical instruction. We know many terms for musical instructions in ancient Near Eastern texts for example, in the Convers Tablet and in the headings of the Book of Pslam. We have also identified the cheironomy in the reliefs of ancient Egypt. The musical instruction of H. 6 is very unique, because it is the letter notation which shows how to sing a song in detail. The terms and the writing system of H. 6 indicate that the notation of this text was influenced by Mesopotamian culture. This notation might have been brought from Mesopotamia to Ugarit by the Hurrians. And it is characteristic that this Hurrian system of musical notation was used in the kingdom of Ugarit.We can identify the designation for the genre of the song (nid qabli) in the colophon of the H. 6 text. This term is related to a type of mode. The mode of H. 6 can be interpreted by means of the Babylonian tuning text (U. 7/80). This tuning text may indicate that the ancient Babylonians had a heptatonic system in making use of the fourth and fifth. This heptatonic system of using the fourth and fifth is well known in Greek musical theory. We can see that the nid qabli mode in the H. 6 text is related to the Lydian one. Therefore, the musical life of Ugarit suggests a linkage between Babylonian and Greek musical life.

著者

塩尻 和子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.307-313, 2007 (Released:2010-03-12)

著者

渡辺 金一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2-3, pp.187-198,233, 1966 (Released:2010-03-12)

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Prof. F. Babinger a publié tout récemment une lettre italienne conservée dans les Archives du Topkapi Serayi d'Istanbul: F. Babinger, Lorenzo de' Medici e la Corte ottomana. Archivio storico italiano. Anno CXXI. Fase. 439. 1963. p. 305-361. C'est une lettre de Pagolo da Colle, “espion” de Laurent le Magnifique auprès de la cour ottomane, et adressée le 26 août 1483 au sultan Bayazid II. Il y fait un rapport sur des resultats de sa mission qu'il s'est chargeé de la part du sultan de visiter son frère Gjem et de s'informer de la vie que celui-ci menait sous la surveillance des chevaliers de Rhodes en Savoie.Ce rapport, en la traduisant en japonais, représente aux orientalistes de noire pays un aspect très intéressant dans l'histoire des relations diplomatiques qui s'est dèroulèe dans la Mèditerranèe orientale durant le XVe siècle.

著者

石丸 由美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.110-124, 1991 (Released:2010-03-12)

著者

津村 眞輝子

出版者

The Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.40-69, 2006

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This article discusses the meaning of the "score mark" left on the Sasanian and Arab-Sasanian silver coins discovered in 1959 at Wuqia in the Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous Region of northwest China.<br>The Wuqia hoard was studied by Chinese and Japanese researchers, including the present author, and the results were published in 2003. The hoard consists of 918 Sasanian and Arab-Sasanian silver drachms with dates between A. D. 588 and 679.<br>During our study of those coins, a number of discoveries were made. One of them was the presence of "score marks" in the margin of 84 coins. By comparing the "score marks" with other characteristics of the coins, the mark was determined to be related to the "countermark". A "countermark" is a stamp or mark impressed on a coin to verify its use by another government, or to indicate revaluation. Similar sets of "score marks" and "countermarks" also appear on other Sasanian silver coins stored in private and public collections.<br>Thus, the author concludes that the "score mark" was probably used to test the quality of the silver before striking a specific "countermark".

著者

前嶋 信次

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.97-126,206, 1973-10-20 (Released:2010-03-12)

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The famous translation of the Arabian Nights' Entertainments by Sir Richard F. Burton (1821-96) was first published in 1885 in 10 volumes, and 6 volumes of the supplemental Nights were published from 1886 to 1888. It won a great success, and even in these days many people believe it as the most excellent and the most reliable translation of the 1001 Nights. Especially in Japan, it is so popular that at least three times it was retranslated into Japanese by various translators who were the admirers of R. Burton. But in many countries, Burton's translation has been criticized or defended by not a few scholars. Already in 1906, Thomas Wright demonstrated in his “Life of R. Burton, ” that his translation of the 1001 Nights is whole appropriation of that of John Payne. Payne's translation is the first complete English version of the Nights and no one denies its excellence But, his translation had been speedily forgotten by the public, and the swashbuckling plagiarist got the honor, wealth and popularity. Moreover, in the so-called Burton-Payne Controversy, the defenders of R. Burton seem more numerous than those of J. Payne. It was to my heart's content that Mia 1. Gerhardt developped a very sharp defense for the part of the latter in 1963 in her “The Art of Story-Telling.” However the author argued that the poems in the 1001 Nights were almost all translated by R. Burton independently and these are in general better than the renderings of J. Payne. I would not agree with this opinion, because I think that the translation of the poems by R. Burton also seem to be the appropriation of those of Payne and sometimes of Henry Torrens. In this essay, I would like to prove it. Next, why the painstaking work of J. Payne was soon forgotten, and survived the quite contrary one? The final aim of this essay is to find out some answer to this guestion.

著者

津村 眞輝子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.40-69, 2006 (Released:2010-03-12)

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This article discusses the meaning of the “score mark” left on the Sasanian and Arab-Sasanian silver coins discovered in 1959 at Wuqia in the Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous Region of northwest China.The Wuqia hoard was studied by Chinese and Japanese researchers, including the present author, and the results were published in 2003. The hoard consists of 918 Sasanian and Arab-Sasanian silver drachms with dates between A. D. 588 and 679.During our study of those coins, a number of discoveries were made. One of them was the presence of “score marks” in the margin of 84 coins. By comparing the “score marks” with other characteristics of the coins, the mark was determined to be related to the “countermark”. A “countermark” is a stamp or mark impressed on a coin to verify its use by another government, or to indicate revaluation. Similar sets of “score marks” and “countermarks” also appear on other Sasanian silver coins stored in private and public collections.Thus, the author concludes that the “score mark” was probably used to test the quality of the silver before striking a specific “countermark”.

著者

藤井 守男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.108-126, 1994 (Released:2010-03-12)

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The mystical speech in its proper sense is created only through real, profound mystical experiences which mystics with innate unyielding character have in a dynamic tention between God and themselves. Under the social oppression in the Iranian cultural environment were Persian mystics obliged to interprete their unconventional speech into metaphor without any social contexts.The present paper examines the significant properties of the metaphorical expressions found in a Persian metaphysical poem, Golshan-e raz, composed by an Azerbaijan mystical philosopher Mahmud-e Shabestari (d. 1320).In the historical perspective of Persian literature, it can be said that this work does not only present the doctrine of the Unity of Being in a poetical manner, but also shows the malamatiye tendency, especially in its intentional usage of a series of blasphemous words (e. g., kofr, bot, kharabat, etc. ) of anti-Divine Law (shar'). Those ideas and expressions have widely been disseminated by certain malamatiye mystic groups in some Persian mystical poems since the 12th century.In this paper, from the standpoint of intellectual history, special attention is paid to the analysis of the paradoxical system of opposites seen in this work that Shabestari deliberately inherited from a Persian mystic, 'Ein al-Qozat-e Hamadani (d. 1131), who had articulated this paradoxical, dialectical discourse in an attractive way in his Tamhidat.

著者

高橋 亮介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.148-159, 2004-09-30 (Released:2010-03-12)

参考文献数

35

著者

前田 徹

出版者

The Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.119-126, 2000

被引用文献数

1

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In this brief paper, I will examine the lines 100-115 of "Gilgamesh and Agga." I agree that, in this part of the text, the speaker was Gilgamesh and he was addressing Agga. However, I do not agree with the interpretation that Gilgamesh was expressing his gratitude for the mercy Agga had shown him, since we have no evidence to prove this situation. I offer an alternative interpretation for this part of the text; Gilgamesh allowed Agga to be an official in the army under his command, since Agga had no status and no privileges after he had been defeated in battle and had been abandoned by his own army. Gilgamesh released Agga. Agga served as his general and representative of Gilgamesh's rule over Kish.

著者

三笠宮 崇仁

出版者

The Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.1-14, 2000

著者

古林 清一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.1-16, 1991-09-30 (Released:2010-03-12)

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Rashid Rida (1865-1935) is famous as a leader of Salafiyya Movement and the editor of his journal, al-Manar. In this paper, I have attempted to elucidate his view on jama'a. Ride expected Muslim's group called jama'a as true leaders of Islamic Community (umma). Jama'a is defined by him as ulu al-amr (possesors of authority), ahl al-hall wa'l-'aqd (electors of caliph) and ahl al-ijma' al-muta' (people whose consensus is considered as compulsive to umma).Then I examined Ride's efforts to form organizations for his Islamic Reform Movement. These efforts are represented in his plans for Jam'iyya al-da'wa wa'l-irshad (Society of Propaganda and Guidance) and Hizb al-islah al-islami al-mu'tadil (Moderate Islamic Reform Party).