著者

松下 智子

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

九州大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13453904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.101-110, 2008

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It is said that even if people have negative experience, they can overcome it and also find a positive meaning in it. But, this changing process and details of positive meaning have not been proved. This study had interview with 23 undergraduates, who interpreted their negative experience positively. Results were led from qualitative analysis about coping with negative experience, chance of overcoming, present state, details of positive meaning. In practical, people coped with their situation by themselves or with help of other people, and considering negative experience to mental food is typical. In overcoming process, later positive experiences were important, and positive meaning became bigger relatively little by little. The coping process led to details of positive meaning including their own growth and new human relations.

著者

田谷 修一郎

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

九州大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13453904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.105-116, 2004-03-31

被引用文献数

1

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Prolonged inspection of a stimulus in a 3-D space produces an aftereffect in the depth dimension. This paper has two aims: (1) to review the previous studies on the depth aftereffects focusing on the level at which adaptation occurs, and (2) to propose a new model of the depth aftereffects. Conventionally, the depth aftereffects have been explained by adaptation of the lower level mechanisms specialized to each depth cue (e.g. ,binocular disparity or monocular depth cue) . However, recent studies suggest that the depth aftereffects are due to adaptation of the higher level mechanisms sensitive to 3-D shape rather than that of the lower level mechanisms. Author proposes a new model integrating both the conventional- and the recent theories.

著者

浅田 由美子

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

九州大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13453904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.153-161, 2004-03-31

被引用文献数

1

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The aim of this study is to review the literature about laughter and smile in clinical situation and to examine its effects and practice further. Many literatures showed people feel the effects of laughter. Statistical analysis showed the effects of mental health both in the pleasure smile and the forced smile. On the other hand, opinion was divided on actual handling of laughter and smile in clinical situation. It was because laughter and smile aroused only in the "here and now" relationship and it cari t be seen. It was considered laughter and smile have the elements of "the ambivalence" between death and reborn, satisfaction and release, affirmation and denial etc., "the bridging elements", and "the third position" and these elements are also important in the psychotherapy situation. Thus, the laughter and smile is necessary to be understood by considering it in clinical situation. And it provided useful perspective for the therapists to consider how the therapist catch and accept the meaning of laughter and smile.

著者

中島 俊思

出版者

九州大学大学院人間環境学研究院

雑誌

九州大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13453904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.207-216, 2009

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The development of children with NICU hospitalization experience, especially of low- birth-weight infants, is said to be at high-risk because of their mothers' psychological characteristics, as well as the vulnerabilities caused by their own immaturity. This study examined the psychological characteristics of mothers with children experienced NICU hospitalization, at one month after giving birth. "Self-esteem" and "postnatal depression" with which have been proved to affect later development were used as index of infant-mother relationships in "Motherhood Attachment Inventory", egarding "Self Insufficiency", NICU-group significantly showed lower score for items related to desire of closeness, such as physical contact through holding pr eye-contact. On the other hand, NICU-group showed lower score for items of "I know my baby needs me", "I know my baby's temperament", "I know what my baby wants". The results of this study suggested difficulties in early construction on infant-mother relationship in NICU-group and a thus the importance of support for fostering both mothers and children eith NICU hospitalization experience is reconsidered.

著者

野島 一彦 桂木 彩 篠原 光代 二ノ宮 英義 原田 絵美子 吉田 眞美 李 暁霞

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

九州大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13453904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.175-183, 2007

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This paper is a trial of the facilitator training for structured encounter group by using "Collaborative Method". Six facilitators facilitated a structured encounter group (8 sessions, 90 minutes, every week) with an experienced facilitator, and the "collaborative method" and "theme decided method" were introduced to the group. The group structure and the group process of this group were narrated. As the results, three points were discussed as below; (1) Characteristics and significance of the "Collaborative Method", (2) Characteristics and significance of the "theme decided method", (3) Acquisition of the facilitation technique. It was concluded that "Collaborative Method" is useful as facilitator training for structured encounter group.

著者

杉本 浩利

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

九州大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13453904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.67-78, 2000-03-10

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本稿は,対人恐怖心性の高低による個人空間の諸側面の差異を調べ,その様相より対人恐怖心性各下位尺度について考察を試みるものである。個人空間については,その定義にみられる"領域"と"距離"の概念を取り出すために投影法的方法が用いられた。対象は大学の講義等を利用して募集した男性39名,女性62名(19-39歳)である。分析1として他者の面識度水準(どういう相手がどういう風に振舞っている状況か)によって投影法的個人空間検査に表れる各側面の変化について検討した。さらに,その変化が対人恐怖心性各下位尺度の高低によりどう異なってくるかを,分析2として検封した。その結果より,それぞれの対人恐怖心性下位尺度について考察を加えた。特に,<集団に溶けこめない悩み>や<自分や他人が気になる悩み>の高い者は,対人場面における対人距離と心理的距離にズレがある可能性が示唆され,<自分を統制できない悩み>は対人場面において「高次の間人性」(山根,1987)の発揮に関わる因子であることが示唆された。

著者

鉄 拳

出版者

九州大学大学院人間環境学研究院

雑誌

九州大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13453904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.69-77, 2011

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This paper examined regional characteristic of stress in junior high school students from Okinawa and Fukuoka. The results showed that the frequency and strength of stressor in Fukuoka is higher than Okinawa. And stress response for students in Fukuoka is higher than for those in Okinawa. It was showed a higher stress reacton in Fukuoka, and students of this population seem to receive more social support. It is thought that it is because they have more experience receiving stressors. There is no difference in the factor concerning to "Relation between parents" in both regions, but Fukuoka shows a higher level in the factors related to "friends", "teacher", and "studies". There was no difference in the support from "teacher" and "friend" in both regions. Finally, in Fukuoka it was found higher the level of the "support from parents", and there was no difference in the support from "teacher" and "friends".

著者

野島 一彦

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

九州大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13453904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.11-19, 2000-03-10

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エンカウンター・グループという用語は,1970年代の米国では,(1)潜在能力啓発運動全体,(2)スモールーインテンシブ・グループ,(3)ベーシック・エンカウンター・グルーブ,という3つの意味で使用されている。しかし日本では1970年代から,(1)ベーシック・エンカウンター・グループ,(2)構成的エンカウンター・グループ(構成的グループ・エンカウンター),という意味で使用されている。本校では,日本におけるエンカウンター・グループの実践と研究の展開について述べる。日本へのベーシック・エンカウンター・グループの導入は,1969年に,Rogers,C.R.のもとで2年間学んだ畠瀬稔によって行われた。最初の実践は,1970年に京都で行われた。以後,畠瀬を中心とする人間関係研究会,村山正治を中心とする福岡人間関係研究会等がその実践と研究を今日に至るまで継続している。その対象は,一般人,中学生,高校生,予備校生,大学生,看護学生,保母,教師,養護教諭,家族,不登校の子の親,看護婦,電話相談員,企業人,カウンセラー等,多様である。野島ら(1991)は,精神分裂病者を対象として,ベーシック・エンカウンター・グループ的集団精神療法を実施している。研究発表は,1971年の畠瀬,野島による日本心理学会での最初の発表以来,着々と続けられている。研究の主な領域は,(1)プロセス研究,(2)効果研究,(3)ファシリテーター研究,(4)適用である。研究の展望は,村山ら(1979),小谷ら(1982),野島(1983),茂田ら(1983),村山ら(1987),中栄治(1989),坂中正義ら(1994),林もも子(1997),野島(1997)等で行われている。構成的エンカウンター・グループは,1970年代半ばから日本の各地でいろいろな人達によって,様々な形態で行われるようになった。構成的エンカウンター・グループは,主に教育の領域で実践が盛んに行われている。日本の学校で大きな問題になっているいじめ,不登校等の予防のために,また学級集団づくりや仲間づくりのために導入が行われている。鍋田(1991)は,思春期の対人恐怖症や登校拒否児への治療として構成的エンカウンター・グループを用いて効果をあげている。研究発表は,1978年の国分康孝と菅沼憲治による日本相談学会での発表以来,着々と続けられてきている。研究の主な領域は,(1)プロセス研究,(2)効果研究,(3)エクササイズ・プログラム研究,(3)適用である。研究展望は,野島(1992)によって行われている。米国でのエンカウンター・グループの実践は,1960年代から1970年代にかけて盛んに行われたが,その後は衰退し,研究発表も最近では見られなくなっている。しかし,日本ではこの30年間続いてきたし,現在でも盛んである。そして,今後もさらに盛んになっていくことが予測される。

著者

鉄 拳

出版者

九州大学大学院人間環境学研究院

雑誌

九州大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13453904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.63-69, 2010

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This paper examined regional characteristics of stress in junior school students in Yun-Nan and Iner Mongolia The result showed that the frequency and strength of stressor in Yun-Nan is higher than Inner Mongolia. Social support for students in Inner Mongolia's is higher than those for Yun-Nan. However, there is no significant difference in stress response between students in Yun-Nan and Inner Mongolia. It is considered that students in Yun-Nan managed stress better and less likely to show stress response. Also, they received more social support from friends, comparing to students in Inner Mongolia. Furthermore, comparison between subscales of the questionnaire, differences in expression of stress reaction were found between students in the two provinces. Since the present results were based on questionnaire investigation, interview study is necessary in the future, in order to understand the student's situation and compare with the quantitative data. Also further study in different regions to understand regional characteristic is necessary.

著者

板東 充彦

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

九州大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13453904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.107-118, 2005

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Support for the socially withdrawn requires not only strong commitment from family, but also the discovery of a support method that the individual can make use of. It is also considered important for such individuals to have group experience at transitional facilities before they return to society. With an easy-to-use support method in mind, this paper reviewed the literature related to the application of the group approach for support of "hikikomori" (the socially withdrawn) and attempted to further conceptualize the issue. As a result, seven group approaches, namely "group psychotherapy," "day care," "ibasho (place of belonging)," "self-help group," "hospital treatment," "overnight facilities," and "support group," were conceptualized. Characterization was performed from the three viewpoints of the supporter (specialist - non specialist,) the framework (medical - community mental health,) and the support structure (comprehensive - hard - soft - free.) In order to offer effective support that is also easy to make use of by the socially withdrawn, it was proposed that specialists work in the area of community mental health. Recovery from a state of social withdrawal was understood as a process in which a person rediscovers his/her place, and the group approach was realized as a way to determine how to offer support for such recovery.

著者

板東 充彦

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

九州大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13453904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.185-193, 2007

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The purpose of this research is to clarify psychological conditions of the social withdrawal and draw up the guideline of initial treatment of them. The books and theses written and narrated by the social withdrawal were used as the materials to understand their actually feeling as psychological conditions. Three clinical psychologists analyzed 350 cards by using KJ method and abstracted the results as 82 small groups, 18 inside groups, and 4 large groups. Then, the four large groups "Social maladjustment", "Shutting away", "Loss of autonomous", and "Disappearance of future" were shown as the center of a figure with the flow of time. According to the results, the following points as the supporting guideline toward the social withdrawal are shown as below: (1) Soft attitudes and words bearing in mind. (2) Rapport established from the tiny contacts. (3) Hope and self-esteem are supported. Moreover, it showed that the significance those who have the various background and problems understood as "Social withdrawal" collectively.

著者

田中 浩司

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

九州大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13453904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.139-146, 2000-03-10

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本研究は,鬼ごっこにおける役割取得の困難性について検討したものである。幼稚園の3歳児・4歳児・5歳児クラスの子ども達を被験児とし,1)ルール理解課題2)身体を用いず情動を活性化させない場面としての「人形での鬼ごっこ課題」3)身体を用い情動を活性化させる場面としての「身体を用いた鬼ごっこ課題」の3課題を行った。子ども達の行動は(1)追いかける(2)逃げるの成功・失敗及び,(3)逃げるときに追う(4)追うときに逃げる(5)逃げるときにタッチするの失敗行動に分類された。結果は,ルール理解ができていない場合,役割取得が完全にはできない傾向が見られた。また,情動が活性化される実際の鬼ごっこ場面において,役割取得が困難になる場合があるものの,そこに発達的特徴は見出せなかった。

著者

金子 周平

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

九州大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13453904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.243-250, 2003-03-31

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This research examined the change in Positive Illusion (PI; Taylor & Brown, 1988) by the experience of unconditional regard. An unconditional regard was given to the Subjects (N=46) through the Assumed Writing method (Fukushima & Ushiku, 1995). and the change in "PI Inventory (PII)" measured before and after the experiment was examined. The PII is composed of 5 factors "Unrealistic Positive View of the Self", "Expectation of the Others Evaluation", "Illusion of Control", "Interpersonal Optimism", and "Unrealistic Optimism". The High and the Low group were specified by the self-esteem score, and a 2 (H・L) ×2 (pre-post) ANOVA (each of the PI's 5 factors) was done. A significant interaction in "Unrealistic Positive View of the Self"and a main effect of the experiment in "Interpersonal Optimism" and "Unrealistic Optimism" was confirmed. It was clarified that the influence that the experience of unconditional regard produced on PI was not the same. Moreover, the validity of the Assumed Writing Method as the experiment technique was considered.