著者
角田 由美子 石川 亜沙美
出版者
昭和女子大学
雑誌
學苑 (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.809, pp.A117-A123, 2008-03

In order to clarify actual conditions of shoe noise, 380 female students were surveyed by means of a questionnaire with regard to shoe design and noise. 1) In summer, sandals were frequently worn, among which mules were worn the most. The top piece was worn away by 5% within 2 weeks, and by 20% within a month. The top-pieces of pencil heels tended to be worn away immediately after the shoes were worn. 2) Seventy percent of respondents felt their shoe noise was disturbing, particularly when they wore mules with pencil heels. Shoe noise usually occurred when the wearer descended stairs made of concrete or other hard materials. Survey results clarified that shoe noise largely depended on shoe design, or was related to top-piece wear. 3) Sixty-five percent of respondents answered that they found the footsteps of other people disturbing. The type of the noise they found disturbing was noise that resounded in their heads. 4) Seventy percent of respondents continued to wear noise-making shoes. Among them, 70% took some measures to prevent noise from occurring, such as changing their way of walking, while 30% did not do anything to prevent noise.
著者
大野 英士
出版者
昭和女子大学
雑誌
學苑 (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.821, pp.A1-A20, 2009-03-01
著者
大橋 きょう子
出版者
昭和女子大学
雑誌
學苑 (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.815, pp.84-97, 2008-09

食用油脂が日常の食生活に普及し始め,油脂調理が家庭に定着する兆しが見えたと考えられる明治時代末期から大正時代末期までの19年間における食用油脂を用いた調理について,当時の婦人雑誌のひとつである『婦人之友』を調査対象として,食用油脂の種類および油脂調理の実態を調査し,特徴を明らかにした。日本料理は胡麻油を用いて揚げる調理が,支那料理では胡麻油およびラードを用いて妙める調理が多かった。日本料理および支那料理は,油脂を単独で使用する場合が多く,油脂の種類および油脂を用いた調理法としては,炒める,揚げる,焼く調理に限られていた。これに対して西洋料理は,炒める,揚げる,焼く(焼き付ける),煮る(煮込む),加熱用ソース,製菓材料,非加熱ソース,風味付けなどにバターをはじめとした食用油脂を使用し,しかもひとつの料理に複数の油脂を用いていた。特に西洋料理におけるバターの使用頻度は他の食用油脂に比べて最も多く,その調理方法および利用範囲も他の油脂類に比べて広いことが認められた。西洋料理同様に和洋折衷料理においても油脂を複数用いた調理が多く,調理法も多種多様であった。西洋料理の普及とともに,和洋折衷料理が誕生し定着した経緯の中で,油脂を用いた調理は増加傾向を示し,油脂の調理法は多様化したことが明らかとなった。明治時代以来,ひたすら西洋料理に目を向けその普及に努めてきた社会の風潮は,婦人雑誌の料理記事にも表れていたことを認めた。明治から大正時代にかけての油脂調理の大半は,西洋料理および和洋折衷料理であり,油脂を多量に使用する支那料理が一般家庭で日常的に調理できるには至っていなかったことが分かった。
著者
由比 ヨシ子 浅沼 アサ子 伊東 清枝
出版者
昭和女子大学
雑誌
學苑 (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.770, pp.74-80, 2004-12-01

本報では,食品,調理,献立作成,食品の分量知識について調査AとBの比較を行った。1)食品の利用法に関しては,小学校5年〜中学校3年に至るまで,伝統的な食品の正答率はAが高くBでは低かった。逆に比較的新しい食品であるバターやハム,ソーセージ等に関しては,Bが高くAが低下傾向を示した。しかし,伝統的な食品であっても,家庭科の調理実習教材として取り上げられている"にぼし,かつおぶし,とうふ"についてはA・B間の有意差もなく正答率もかなり高かった。加工食品の原料に関しては,利用法と同様に伝統的な食品の正答率はAが高く,Bでは特に"にぼし,きなこ,しん粉,やきふ"が低かった。にぼしは,利用法の設問で高い正答率を示したが,その原料に関しては小学校5年〜中学校3年に至るまで理解度に変化は見られず平均5%前後であった。またハムやソーセージ,バターについてはやはりBが高い傾向を示した。2)調理では,まず青菜のひたしの作り方を見ると,正答率は全体に低く,A・B間の有意差も見られず,中学校3年で約50%程度である。また,その他の野菜を見ると,更に低く中学校3年女子ですら40%に満たない状況であり,調理法の知識に関しては高いとはいえない。3)献立作成に関しては,みそ汁の実と昼食の弁当のおかずを選択するものである。みそ汁の実については中学校全段階において,Bが圧倒的に高く,献立作成と栄養素の働きを結びつけた指導の成果がうかがえた。昼食の弁当のおかずに関しては,調査当時状況の中では設問自体が適切ではなかったようである。4)食品の分量に関する知識は,A・Bとも正答率は低く,それぞれにマイナス要因が考えられた。つまりAでは,計量単位の不統一と計量指導が不十分であった。Bでは計量指導後の応用や活用の機会が不足していることが上げられる。特にBにおいては,中学校3年になっても50%の正答率も得られない状況から,まず食生活の指導の課題でもある"なにをどれだけ食べたらよいか"の具体化のためにも指導法の研究が必要であったであろう。
著者
高木 佳子
出版者
昭和女子大学
雑誌
學苑 (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.783, pp.81-92, 2006-01-01
著者
高木 佳子
出版者
昭和女子大学
雑誌
學苑 (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.771, pp.84-93, 2005-01-01
著者
久下 裕利
出版者
昭和女子大学
雑誌
學苑 (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.891, pp.17-30, 2015-01-01
著者
吉田 昌志
出版者
昭和女子大学
雑誌
學苑 (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.683, pp.48-58, 1997-01-01
著者
ケビン ライアン
出版者
昭和女子大学
雑誌
學苑 (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.858, pp.65-77, 2012-04-01

AbstractMethodology is dead. Long live methodologies. As language teachers take an a la carte approach to classroom methodologies, we enjoy freedom-with a bewildering amount of alternatives-to improve the classroom experience and more seamlessly wed it to experience outside the classroom. We look at one combination of theories, methods, and tools to facilitate a university classroom of language majors with laptops and wireless Internet connections.Borrowing bits from Massively Online Open Courses (MOOCs), Constructionism, Social Learning (Vygotsky), Problem Posing, Krashen, Tolstoy, Roger Schank, Task and Project Based Learning (TBL and PBL), Thornbury and Meddings' Dogme (Teaching Unplugged), Ubiquitous Learning, Gamification (i.e. OnePlusMe), and Peer Teaching, we set about creating a semester-long experience (including vacations) that transcends the classroom.This style is similar to a workshop, is designed for intermediate language learners and above, starts with specifics and moves to general, is Flipped (content outside, activities inside), and focuses on developing autonomy. It uses Moodle, Google Docs, feedback mechanisms, along with many web-based materials. It balances cooperation and competition with peer evaluation and small group work.
著者
川原 奈津子 佐野 武仁 山口 温
出版者
昭和女子大学
雑誌
學苑 (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.766, pp.85-92, 2004-07-01

When young, one of the authors heard someone say 'In fact there's little difference between the refreshing waterfall sound and the traffic noise on roads.' So-called good sounds include insects' chirping, tinkles of the wind-bell and piano tunes. Bad ones include noises of trams or machinery. What makes the difference between a 'good sound' and a 'bad sound'? This paper intended to visually compare the frequencies of various sounds using Windows Media Player. The results obtained were as follows. 1. So-called good sounds generally had sharp fluctuations in their frequency ranges as shown on attached graphs. 2. So-called bad sounds had less sharp fluctuations in their frequency ranges, hence did not show a clear sound. 3. However, the fluctuations of the waterfall sound and the fluctuations of the traffic noise of the road were not very different, which suggests for some sounds the existence of other factors such as listeners' psychology; memories of the past, the milieu and connotations.
著者
佐藤 道子
出版者
昭和女子大学
雑誌
學苑 (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.763, pp.74-83, 2004-04-01

In my previous article (Gakuen 736, Nov. 2001), the role of Byron Bunch was discussed. He looks like a very ordinary, diligent, rather timid man without a hint of attractive youth, and seems to be just a good-natured man. But the truth is that he plays a very important role in this novel as a man who leads the next generation. In other words, Faulkner suggests that Byron will make a new home with Lena Grove and bring up Lena's and Lucas Burch's baby as a foster father. He is supposed to be a warmhearted and open-minded foster father, who is quite different from Joe Christmas's foster father, Simon McEachern. Unlike McEachern, Byron has no such religious prejudice and so he will never have control over the life of his foster child. In this paper, Byron's role in the work will be discussed further. For this purpose, I will consider the matter of the establishment of ego and self-realization in Byron.
著者
ライアン ケビン
出版者
昭和女子大学
雑誌
學苑 (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.882, pp.32-43, 2014-04-01

In an effort to develop autonomous language learning as students end their tertiary education and set off into the world, a classroom approach uses Project Based Learning, small group work, a Learning Management System, information technology, and the Open Badges system. This case study covers 3 classes over one semester, with an explanation and rationale for this approach. Student feedback is summarized and a look at adapting this approach more widely is discussed. EFL class sessions require deft management to maintain a successful learning environment. Project Based Learning allows for more student talking time as well as more autonomous learning. Adding freedom of choice during each classroom session allows students to take responsibility for their own learning. This is all made possible with use of technology to access materials not available in a normal classroom situation. Adding Badges as a mechanism that both evaluates and motivates leads to an increase of both autonomy and interaction within the classroom situation. This paper focuses on a case of three different classes, and their reaction to a system designed to require students a more active and autonomous role in their language acquisition.
著者
志摩 園子
出版者
昭和女子大学
雑誌
學苑 (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.772, pp.89-96, 2005-02-01

This article is the writer's attempt to examine Japanese source materials relating to the diplomatic relations between Japan and Latvia in the period between the two World Wars. This paper, the first part of my work, begins with the Japanese government's approach toward the Latvian affairs at the time of Latvia's emergence as a nation state. The Estonian struggle for independence will also be examined under the new light of sources from the Diplomatic Record Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. The most interesting materials on Latvian affairs are included in such files as "The State of Russian Affairs at the Time of the Russian Revolutions and the Wars in Europe", "Secession and Incorporation of Various Countries", "The State of Internal Affairs in Various Countries: Latvia", "The Establishment of Japanese Diplomatic Agencies Abroad" and "Riga Joho (Riga Intelligence)", etc.. These documents reveal three features which characterize the Japanese government's position toward Latvia in the period leading to its independence. First, Japan's policy toward Latvia followed that of the Great Powers. Second, the Japanese government also had an interest in Latvia's economy. Third, the Japanese had very little information , about Latvia and other Baltic States.