著者

茂住 実男

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.4-24, 1969-10-10 (Released:2017-06-01)

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The English Teacing in our country was started in 1809. It was the event of the English warship, the Phaeton that was one of the effective causes of starting the English training. Because, for lack of mutual understanding caused by language difficulty, the happening of the Phaeton developed the serious menace, and BAKUFU (the Tokugawa Shognate) keenly felt the necessity of English Conversation and ordered to train it. For the national security the English training was begun. It was the English teaching for negotiations and conservative one for interpreters of Dutch, and was trained through a Dutchman, J. C. Blomhoff and books Written in Dutch. In 1848, by an American, Maconald, taught English through Hearing and Speaking, the umpractical Dutch English was improved and turned into the practical American English. This English training (through Hearing and Speaking) was still more extended and deepened by missionaries such J. C. Hepburn and S. R. Brown. And it developed into the English teaching by Oral Work. Attaching great importance to Hearing and Speaking, missionaries systematically taught English itself in EIGO-JUKU. On the other hand, another pattern of the English Teaching, namely, the germ of EIGAKU appeared. This germ rapidly developed as a result of the conclusion of ths treaties with America and England. In other words, having enterd into diplomatic relations with those two countries, and knowing our country as a backward one, BAKUFU and most clans (e. g., the SAGA clan, the SATSUMA clan.) postively promoted the English teaching and tried to improve the cultural backwardness. Their aim was to adopt and assimilate the Westero scientific knowledge and technology, such as military science, engineering, mathematics, chemistry and so on. Such English teaching, therefore, made light of Hearing, Speaking and Writing, and much of Reading. And it was carried out in SHIRABESHO, KAISEIJO -and HANGAKU, or EIGAKU-JUKU such as KEIO-GIJUKU,KOGYOKU-JUKU and so on. The English Teaching in our country, as is stated above, had been divided into two, "the EIGO-JUKU-English teaching" and "the EIGAKU-JUKU-English teaching." before the promulgation of GAKUSEI. And having been shown in Fukuzawa's view of the Western learning, our country made efforts to improve her backwardness and aim at her prosperity by adopting and assimilating rapidly the Western scientific knowledge and technology. As the result such a view of the Western learning, "the EIGAKU-JUKU-English teaching" which made much of only Reading rapidly developed [into the main current of The English Teaching in our country.

著者

滝澤 佳奈枝

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, pp.189-190, 2020

著者

斉藤 仁一朗

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, pp.174-176, 2020

著者

大戸 安弘

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.4-25, 1981-10-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

著者

山本 一生

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, pp.60-72, 2019

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<p>This paper clarifies the actual state of compulsory education during Chinese collaboration with Japan by analyzing the attributes of students who attended public elementary schools in Qingdao during the period of occupied northern China (1937-1945). The target of analysis includes student records from public elementary schools in the Archives of Qingdao. These materials were used to analyze in concrete detail differences in the attributes between students in industrial areas and fishing villages in the period of occupied northern China. This evaluation reveals a stratified structure involving fishing regions where local private education was subsumed by public education versus industrial regions where children moved between public elementary schools, as well as boys who were expected versus girls who were not expected to attend elementary school until graduation.</p>

著者

池田 裕子

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, pp.058-070, 2016 (Released:2017-04-03)

参考文献数

36

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This paper analyzes agricultural education in Karafuto through an examination of the reorganization of the Karafuto Prefecture Colonial School established in 1934.This colonial school was the first prefectural school to offer vocational education. It was modeled on the private educational institution run by Yokoo Sosaburo, the first minister of Agriculture and Forestry in Karafuto. The purpose of this school was to provide an education to nurture middle-class farmers; hence it focused on the teaching of practical skills in agriculture in the subarctic zone as well as preparing students mentally for the region’s harsh labor conditions.In the first year, it fulfilled the minimum quota of students but in the following years it did not succeed in doing so. The two main reasons are: 1) the overemphasis on the teaching of practical skills, a fact that made it difficult to educate farmer leaders; and 2) Karafuto agriculture did not receive sufficient government subsidies to withstand the harsh labor conditions. IN an attempt to change this situation, Karafuto Prefecture promoted this school to an ‘official’ vocational school in 1939. With this reorganization, the school’s purpose shifted from its initial role of promoting social mobility through the teaching of practical agricultural skills to training middle-class farmers to be farmer leaders.The colonial school was established as an institution that, different from the modern schools that focused on the teaching of theoretical knowledge, prioritized the teaching of practical skills in agriculture; nevertheless it is possible to say that this type of ‘special’ vocational school was not perceived as providing a more attractive education than ‘official’ vocational schools.

著者

別府 昭郎

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.123-127, 2012-10-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

著者

上田 誠二

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, pp.46-59, 2019 (Released:2020-04-01)

参考文献数

12

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This paper traces changes experienced by youth in Tsurukawa Village in Minami-Tama County, Tokyo Prefecture, who faced modernization as a result of mass socialization in the 1920s and 1930s. Tsurukawa Village experienced drastic changes from being an isolated farming village to a farming village adjacent to the expanding Tokyo metropolitan area. This paper focuses on how local young men reconstructed the vision of their village through their elementary school alumni magazine as a tool of public opinion formation.The youth sought for a vision of their village in the alumni magazines that could not be sufficiently covered by state logic, while making efforts to coordinate school education with societal education. Their efforts are worthy of attention because they proposed rational farming to attract urban residents to become loyal customers when Tsurukawa Railway Station was constructed as part of the Odakyu Line which opened in April 1927, and a proposed flexible citizen model (farmer) who attached importance on dialogue, discussion and public opinion. This paper reveals the process of “establishing an official ego” by young farmers in the suburbs of the metropolitan area who wavered between their adoration of the decadent urban modernist culture and the backlash against it. The final issue of the alumni magazine published in December 1937 following the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, showed practical farming of shiitake mushrooms cultivation during the agricultural off-season, but also included “Guidelines for National Spiritual Mobilization.” The “Guidelines” clearly urged youth to strengthen their spirit on the “home front.” The alumni magazine’s strong coordination with Tsurukawa Elementary School was initially intended to explore the future vision of the village and support revitalization of the community by positioning the school as a center of the community. In reality, however, during wartime, these efforts ended up becoming a double-edged sword that eventually allowed state logic to subvert their future vision of the village.

著者

井澤 直也

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.178-181, 2010-10-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

著者

米田 俊彦

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.54-75, 1985-10-10 (Released:2017-06-01)

著者

宮崎 聖子

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.110-122, 2007-10-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

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Young men's leagues ("Seinen-dan") created by the Japanese government for the Han people in Taiwan (hereafter called Taiwanese) seem to have played a significant role in ultimately mobilizing the Taiwanese as soldiers. In previous studies I have illustrated that Taiwanese young men's leagues, that until the first half of the 1930s had been closely organized with the communities called gaisho (administrative units equivalent to towns and villages in Japan) and served as institutions for training elites. The leagues were transformed in the late 1930s into organizations used to impose military training on young people who recently graduated from elementary schools, in order to implement the three major policies of colonial Taiwan, namely "Japanization, " "industrialization, " and "southward expansion." This paper explores the system of young men's leagues in Taiwan between 1940 and 1943 when the mobilization of youth was one of the most important goals of the Office of the Governor-General of Taiwan. Around this period, the establishment of youth schools ("Seinen Gakko") for Taiwanese students was promoted and the special Army volunteer program began in earnest in 1942. By examining young men's leagues in relation to these systems, I attempt to explain the social meaning of young men's leagues within the context of colonial Taiwan, referring to Taiwan Kyoiku (the journal published by the Taiwan Education Society), magazines published for indoctrination, the official gazette published by the Taiwanese Government-General, and Kobun Ruijyu owned by the National Archives of Japan, among others. The analysis of these materials uncovered the following historical facts. In all-out war, a number of youth-oriented programs were introduced in Taiwan between 1940 and 1943, including the national elementary school system ("Kokumin Gakko") in April 1941, the special Army volunteer system in April 1942, and the compulsory education system for elementary schools and the spread of youth schools throughout Taiwan in April 1943. In this climate, young men's leagues in Taiwan underwent two major changes. In December 1941, they were reorganized as Taiwanese Youth Leagues ("Taiwan Seishonen-dan") and young men's leagues emerged as organizations closely aligned with national elementary schools while simultaneously reinforcing their identity as organizations of so-called "working youth" who chose not to go on to secondary schools and higher schools. Thus, as the governing body of working youth, young men's leagues encouraged working youth to enlist under the special volunteer system and promoted Japanization. In April 1943, as the effort to upgrade youth schools for Taiwanese began throughout Taiwan, young men's leagues were reorganized as one of the groups under the umbrella of Komin Hokokai, thereby establishing their position as an organization to bring all working youth in the community under control. In sum, it can be argued that young men's leagues, much like school education, played a central role in the indoctrination (or education) of youth in colonial Taiwan.

著者

小林 仁美

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.53-69, 1990

著者

小林 仁美

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.53-69, 1990-10-27 (Released:2017-06-01)

著者

馬越 徹

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.169-173, 1983

著者

田甫 桂三

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.29-45, 1973-10-05 (Released:2017-06-01)

著者

齋木 喜美子

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, pp.137-140, 2015

著者

前田 一男

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.53-81, 1982-09-26 (Released:2017-06-01)

被引用文献数

1

著者

菅原 亮芳

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.79-111, 1987-10-02 (Released:2017-06-01)

著者

藤井 康子

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.61-71, 2005-10-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

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This paper attempts to show the interaction between civilian claims for educational opportunity and education policymakers in Taiwan, using the 1920s movement to establish a Commercial College in Tainan. The predecessor of this school was the Junior College of Commerce, established for indigenous Taiwanese under the colonial policy of segregated education between the Japanese and Taiwanese. After abolishing segregated education in post-primary education facilities in 1922, Taiwanese were admitted to middle schools and higher educational facilities, and cooperation was established between the Japanese and Taiwanese. At the same time, under 1922 educational revisions, the Government-General ordered the Junior College of Commerce to be closed down. Students of the school petitioned to establish a higher education school of commerce. The petition drive expanded into a movement generally supported by Japanese and Taiwanese volunteers residing in Tainan. This movement arose under the reign of the 10th Governor-General Izawa Takio. Governor-General Izawa gave much consideration to the interaction between ruler and subject as he drew up a new policy. The Commercial College in Tainan was successfully established in 1926. However, Izawa's policy underwent gradual changes after he resigned to take up the office of Mayor of Tokyo. The new governor promised to establish a Technical College instead of closing the Commercial College in Tainan. This indicates the complex political situation of colonial Taiwan in the 1920s. The governors could not completely disregard the inhabitant's demands, although it was quite easy for the governors to change policy as they saw fit, since an appropriate government assembly did not exist to handle the indigenous population's claims. Some Japanese who once participated in the movement to establisha Commercial College in Tainan agreed with the governor's decision to establish a new Technical College in place of the Commercial College in Tainan. Such a policy clearly reveals the fickle nature of Japanese colonial educational policy.

著者

入江 友佳子

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.69-81, 2010-10-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

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This paper examines the medical mission activities of Severance Hospital in 1910s Korea, with particular attention to the roles of "Bible Women." This analysis reveals the way new knowledge regarding childbirth and childcare was disseminated. Previous research focuses on public health services for mothers and children carried out by mission hospitals since the 1920s. The public health services were important in the process of propagating the concept of "scientific" childbirth and childcare, which considered quantitative markers in children's health, such as height, weight, and mental development. This paper analyzes the activities of the mission in the 1910s to show how it became the basis for expansion of medical mission efforts in the following decade. The Severance Hospital was the only mission hospital that had a research department and has led the way in medical activities since its foundation in 1904 Seoul to the present. What should not be overlooked when evaluating the Severance Hospital's activities was the existence of Korean women who worked as "Bible Women." Instead of male doctors, who could not approach Korean women, and a scarcity of female nurses, Bible Women passed on their new knowledge to Korean women. By focusing on the Bible Women who bridged the gap between Westerners and Korean women, I discuss the acceptance of and fixation on new knowledge regarding childbirth and childcare. This paper first analyzes reports of the Korea Medical Missionary Association and "The Korea Mission Field" as historical documents. When the medical system of the Government-General was being revamped in the mid-1910s, social services were established. The Bible Women were a necessary component in the promotion of social services. Second, this paper analyzes the health awareness activities by Bible Women. From the description of their home visits, Korean people's attitudes and feelings toward children are apparent. Bible Women helped Korean women realize the value of hospitals and afforded them an opportunity to obtain new knowledge. However, they sometimes separated children from their families and had to confront other Korean women who resisted breaking from tradition. Third, an analysis of "Korean Child Mortality," a report on the investigation and research on infant mortality, reveals the cultural differences between Western doctors who headed health research and investigations, and Bible Women who interviewed Korean women, as well as errors and vagueness that arose due to differing opinions regarding investigation efforts, and the modification of data on Korean childcare in order to promote a western style childcare. In the late 1920s, health awareness activists took advantage of the results of the investigation to advocate the expansion of social services. Health awareness activities were connected with the investigation and research, so as to better promote social services. Bible Women occasionally confronted, differed in opinion, and compromised with Western male doctors and female nurses as well as Korean women. Bible Women served important functions in health awareness activities and in health investigation and research. Due to the activities of the Bible Women in the 1910s, the foundations of expansive social services in the 1920s were established.