著者

水野 杏一

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.3, pp.109, 2011 (Released:2012-10-19)

著者

並松 茂樹 杉崎 祐一 土屋 眞一

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.4, pp.178-184, 2010 (Released:2010-11-09)

参考文献数

15

---

Current antigen retrieval techniques include the use of citrate buffer, Tris-HCl containing 5% urea, and EDTA solutions combined with heating in a microwave oven or autoclave. These methods must be adjusted for a given tissue or antigen. To improve the efficiency of antigen retrieval for immunohistochemical staining, we developed a new method using citraconic anhydride. We describe this new antigen retrieval method using 0.05% citraconic anhydride solution of pH 7.4 and heat. This antigen retrieval method produced satisfactory staining results for a wide variety of antigens.

著者

三上 俊夫

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.168-173, 2012 (Released:2012-05-30)

参考文献数

28

---

Regular exercise plays an important role in preventing metabolic diseases, the impairment of cognitive function, and the onset of depression. Regular exercise enhances adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and the exercise-derived prevention of cognitive deficits and depression is closely related to adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Both blood-derived factors and brain-derived factors are thought to contribute to the exercise-induced enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Blood-derived factors include insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) . Exercise increases the transport of these substances from the blood to the brain and increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In contrast the exercise-induced enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis can be blocked by inhibiting the binding of IGF-1 or VEGF to its receptor. On the other hand, brain-derived factors include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or Wnt3. In particular, BDNF plays a wide range of roles in neuronal development and survival, and the exercise-induced enhancement of hippocampal BDNF contributes to the increase in hippocampal neurogenesis. Aging and chronic stress impairs cognitive function, whereas regular exercise prevents age- or stress-induced impairment of cognitive function, the improvement of which is attributed to the action of IGF-1 or BDNF. In addition, the preventive effect of exercise on the onset of depression is also dependent on the improvement of hippocampal neurogenesis via BDNF or VEGF. These findings demonstrate that regular exercise helps maintain cognitive function and prevents depression in the elderly and the stressed; however, the mechanism of the exercise-induced improvement of cognition or depression remains unclear. Clarifying the mechanism via neuroscientific and molecular biological studies is needed to promote the usefulness of exercise for preventing cognitive deficits and depression.

著者

金涌 佳雅

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.100-112, 2018-06-15 (Released:2018-08-08)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

4

---

Koritsu-shi (solitary death) refers to cases of death in which the deceased was living in a one-person household. In Japan, koritsu-shi cases have received significant attention as a major social problem because the aging population has led to an increase in single-person households. However, because the definition of koritsu-shi is unclear and carrying out a national level survey of households where the occupant has died is difficult, the actual situation surrounding koritsu-shi has not been elucidated. As koritsu-shi is legally treated as an unnatural death, statistics on koritsu-shi have been reported in many areas (Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe) under the medical examiner system. Of these areas, statistics from the Tokyo ward area have revealed the most information and show that the proportion of unnatural deaths involving koritsu-shi has been increasing year after year, with 36% of cases being koritsu-shi in 2016. Each year showed that koritsu-shi was higher in men than women. Although the deceased were predominantly male in cases of middle-aged koritsu-shi, both sexes are affected more evenly in single-elderly cases. However, the overall incidence was higher in men when the numbers of middle aged and elderly people are tallied against the higher numbers of elderly women. In men, the characteristic cause of death is chronic alcoholic liver injury with other cases mostly being categorized as unknown due to postmortem damage. Even within the densely populated Tokyo ward area, spatial clustering was detected with regard to the incidence of koritsu-shi per ward. There are many points that are consistent between reports of koritsu-shi in the Tokyo ward area and other areas. However, it is not easy to compare results among different regions due to the unclear definition of koritsu-shi and insufficient bias exclusion. Koritsu-shi cases are expected to increase in Japan in the future. Future efforts should focus on finding the deceased as soon as possible after death, or even pursuing the possibility of preventing koritsu-shi in cases when an individual living in a one-person household suddenly collapses at home. In addition, to reduce the effect of loneliness and social isolation among those living in single-person households to improve health outcomes, it is important that medicine and public health efforts address the problem of koritsu-shi.

著者

清水 一雄

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.90-100, 2014 (Released:2014-05-08)

著者

戸田 茂樹 喜多村 孝幸

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.44-45, 2007 (Released:2007-03-23)

参考文献数

5

著者

木村 真人

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.12-16, 2005 (Released:2005-06-24)

参考文献数

18

---

The association between cerebrovascular diseases and depression has been recognized for many years. Studies have found much information about the pathogenesis and treatment of post-stroke depression in the West since the 1970s. On the other hand, the concept of vascular depression was introduced in 1997, as the prevalence of silent cerebral infarctions detected by MRI scans in patients with late-onset depression is higher than that in non-depressed patients. This paper gives an outline of the clinical findings about vascular depression including post-stroke depression.

著者

角田 陽平 大角 真 鈴木 俊治

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.10-14, 2023-02-20 (Released:2023-03-11)

参考文献数

12

著者

横堀 將司 藤倉 輝道

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.129-134, 2022-04-25 (Released:2022-05-12)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1

著者

進士 誠一 横堀 將司 清水 哲也 神田 知洋 林 光希 安康 勝喜 吉田 寛

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.98-104, 2022-02-20 (Released:2022-03-15)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2

---

During their clinical clerkships (CCs) in surgery, medical students are generally introduced to such areas as surgical indications, surgical techniques, and perioperative management through rounds and practical skills training on wards and in operating rooms. Given the technological advances made in virtual reality (VR) over recent years and its increasing use in education and corporate training, we decided to try using VR for the benefit of students on surgical CCs. To this end, we developed what we termed a "VR surgery tour" in the field of gastrointestinal surgery, which involved students using VR goggles to view edited 3D images. We then asked 26 fifth- and sixth-year medical students at Nippon Medical School assigned to CCs in gastrointestinal surgery between November 2020 and September 2021 to evaluate the VR surgery tour via a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included questions using a five-point Likert scale and space for free comments. Our results showed that all respondents felt satisfied with the VR surgery tour, with 96% of them indicating it was a viable alternative to clinical training; moreover, about 90% of the students found it useful as a teaching aid for pre-learning and requested that VR teaching materials be made available in other fields as well. We concluded that our VR surgery tour is a valuable supplement to practical training in gastrointestinal surgery and that it increases medical students' motivation to learn. We believe VR is an effective teaching aid and that there will be increasing demand for its use in various education and training programs.

著者

倉品 隆平

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.7-9, 2023-02-20 (Released:2023-03-11)

著者

田尻 孝

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.70-71, 2012 (Released:2012-10-26)

著者

三石 剛

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.4, pp.170-178, 2007 (Released:2007-11-15)

参考文献数

29

---

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) represent a family of diverse DNA viruses consisting of more than 100 types and have been extensively studied as an etiological factor in benign and malignant tumors. In malignant epithelial lesions, the mechanism by which two E6 and E7 proteins of the high risk HPV types, HPV 16 and 18 interact with cellular factors in deregulating the normal growth of the cells, has been well described by many authors. The E6 and E7 proteins are consistently expressed in HPV-associated malignant tumor and E6 binding to the p53 gene mediated by the E6-associated protein ligase turned out to be important. In contrast important function of E7 was demonstrated by its binding to pRb and Rb-related proteins. The bindings under phosphorylation of these proteins was degradated by ubiquination and transcription factors of the E2F regulated cell proliferation. Overall HPV 16 DNA is able to induced modifications in the host cells and immortalizing epithelial cells by stimulating human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) protein. High risk E6 proteins directly interacts with c-myc and c-myc/E6 complex activates hTERT protein expression. The various methods for detection or cloning of HPV DNA are summarized in this manuscript. PCR method has been become an established technique for detecting a large number of HPV DNAs. In particular PCR-RFLP is a simple and useful method for identifying the specific HPV types. However many modifications of the methods have been developed. Recently clinical trials are being conducted to test the preventive efficacy of HPV vaccines, directed against HPV 16 and 18 in Japan. In the future the therapeutic efficacy of HPV vaccines are required to prevent cervical cancer and other HPV associated cutaneous carcinomas.

著者

大野 曜吉

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.65-70, 2019-04-15 (Released:2019-05-29)

著者

臼田 実男

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.4, pp.412-415, 2022-12-25 (Released:2023-02-08)

参考文献数

4

著者

神田 奈緒子

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.227, 2021-10-30 (Released:2021-11-27)

著者

儀我 真理子

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.115-119, 2014 (Released:2014-05-08)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

---

In this paper we describe statistical test. This is the most important statistical field for examining the mean, variance and other characteristics of population by using sample. First, we propose a null hypothesis, for example, that the population mean is a certain value. With statistical analysis, if we conclude that the null hypothesis is to be rejected, we judge that the hypothesis is probably not true. When we conclude that the null hypothesis is to be accepted, we can only say that we cannot reject it. In this paper, we also describe a test of independence. This is a method of testing, for example, whether we can recognize a difference in the numbers of male and female patients with certain diseases. The main method of testing for independence is not applicable to small samples, for which other methods must be used.

著者

二宮 宣文 久野 将宗

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.Suppl.1, pp.S57-S61, 2011 (Released:2011-12-07)

著者

村田 朗

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.96-101, 2007 (Released:2007-05-14)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

3 4

---

Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is defined as sleep disordered breathing (SDB) with at least five episodes of apnea or hypopnea per hour of sleep combined with symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness. With prevalence of only 4% in men and 2% in women older than 30 years, SAS is not a rare disease and is increasing with the rate of obesity. It is thought that SAS is caused by narrowing of the upper respiratory tract due to enlargement of the surrounding soft tissue and the structures of the chin and face. Patients with SAS have many difficulties, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, a decline in daily activities, traffic accidents, hypertension, arrhythmia, and automatic nerve and endocrine system disorders. Consequently, SAS causes arteriosclerosis and final outcomes such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Most patients with SAS are unaware of the severity of their disorder and seek medical attention only after a family member points out the snoring with apnea. It is important to remember that SAS is likely to trigger life-threatening disorders during sleep. Therefore, if symptoms, such as excessive sleepiness during daytime hours and snoring with apnea develop, a respiratory specialist should be consulted and continuous positive airway pressure therapy should be performed.

著者

森田 明夫

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.137-145, 2023-04-20 (Released:2023-05-27)