著者

宮本 孝二 Kouji Miyamoto

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.38, pp.73-101, 2010-03-25

---

This paper aims to show how Anthony Giddens, who is one of the most famous sociologists in modern sociology, has coped with problems in constructing the sociology of the body. First, it is showed that he elaborated `body' as a theoretical concept and discussed theoretical points concerning it in the structuration theory (his general social theory). Second, through investigating his theory of modern societies, we find various aspects of body problems in high modernity, problems of body regimes and of the reproduction of the body. Third, by analyzing the contents of his textbook Sociology, which has been revised six times, we show details and particulars in the process in which he has constructed the sociology of the body.

著者

高田 里惠子 Rieko Takada

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.33, pp.167-187, 2007-06-08

著者

軽部 恵子 Keiko Karube

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.495-511, 2009-03-10

著者

山本 順一

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = Human sciences review, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.45, pp.71-88, 2014-03-28

---

In recent years, the Japanese academic world has been at a loss to cope with duplicate publications in scholarly journals. This article shows the backgrounds that may tend to produce to duplicate publications, and the present situations that scientific societies in Japan are wrestling with. Second, the author considers the conceptual structure of duplicate publications, and their legal meaning relating to copyright. Third, this paper tells R&D institutions how to prevent the duplication of publications by hired researchers. Finally, the author presents concrete examples relating to duplicate publications, and indicates which cases fall into the category of improper publications.

著者

佐々木 英哲 Eitetsu SASAKI 桃山学院大学文学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.22, pp.1-16, 2001-12-10

---

Sacvan Bercovitch has clarified in The Rites of Assent that, in stark contrast to European individualism, which is likely to confront society, paradoxically, American individualism has had a share in consensus building and contributed to the Americanization of society. This process is called the American Way. Hester's struggle to multiply the meaning of the letter A in The Scarlet Letter (1850) -from the initial Adultery to Angel and Admirable-does not interfere with the American Way. On the supposition that the nineteenth-century domesticity and gender ideology has stealthily slipped into the seventeenth-century setting of the story, I investigate how Chillingworth the cuckold and Dimmesdale the paramour contribute together to the American Way. Chillingworth is denied the privileges, first, of creating an affectionate, patriarchic family, as evaluated in nineteenth-century America, second, of occupying a patriarchic position, and third, of establishing a male patriarchal gender identity (which he becomes obsessed with retrieving). He becomes all the more sensitive to his own impotency and Abject physique when he sees Pearl, the child of Hester and Dimmesdale. As a "living hieroglyphic," not the Alphabet of the letter A that could be decoded, Pearl is a mere infant-an infant whose etymology is 'incapable of speech'; not the suitable object to be appropriated by the learned man in a prerogative position like Chillingworth, the manipulator of the Language/Logos in the so-called Symbolic of Lacanian psychoanalysis. The author lets the revengeful Chillingworth misuse the nineteenth-century domestic ideology that warned of the threat of that nameless horror represented by the bachelor, i. e., homosexual sex. Chillingworth gains support from this ideology, pretends to be a pious Christian, and takes advantage of the historical fact that the New England colonists were prone to compare men of political power to biblical figures. (For example, Winthrop the first Governor was compared to Moses and Nehemiah, and Cotton the minister was compared to Abraham, Joshuah, and John.) By actually living with minister Dimmesdale on the pretext of treating his psychosomatic condition, Chillingworth creates the sacrosanct family, insinuates domestic ideology, behaves within Dimmesdale's psyche as a sacred father, or punishing super-ego, and thus preys on Dimmesdale with the Oedipal sense of guilt. Psychologically, the old physician confronts the minister as if he were blaming the latter for committing a deed likely to rouse the homophobic, i. e., forming an immature umbilical relation with Hester, mother-goddess-like self-willed woman. To prevent the patriarchy he stands on from backsliding into the pre-Oedipal Eros, and to prevent the basis of patriarchy, i. e., the compulsory heterosexuality, from breaking down, Chillingworth acts as the Law enforcing/castrating father. However, the tactics Chillingworth employs are not flawless in terms of the gender stability he has to maintain. In his observing eyes, Dimmesdale appears to reside in an enviable patriarchic family-the family composed of the minister, Hester, and Pearl, the family exclusive of outsiders. According to Freud's theory of narcissism, Dimmesdale is, first, the model the physician wants to imitate, second, his opponent/persecutor, and third, his homosexual lover. This means that the male gender-apparently based on Emersonian self-reliant man-becomes destabilized, and that the more closely Chillingworth approaches his former state of patriarch, the more difficult it becomes for him to reach his ultimate goal of regaining his masculinity, the gender identity supposedly established on the compulsory heterosexual norm. The author detected the common anxiety shared by the intelligent men of the seventeenth century like Chillingworth and the men of power of the nineteenth century like Hawthorne: the former were fearful of the antinomians who, like Hester, claimed thorough individualism and direct communication with God, and the latter were cautious against those who were influenced by the effect of revolutions in European countries around 1848, and those who imbibed radical concepts of freedom, including proto-feminism and the dismantling of the family. The author lets Chillingworth protect the patriarchy and its foundation of the heterosexual norm and sexism-in a paradoxical way-by robbing him of heterosexuality, letting him remain a bachelor, and uniting him homosexually with Dimmesdale. Chillingworth's homosexual stance is not in conflict with the American Way, i. e., with the cause of preserving the androcentric society, because the heterosexual and the homosexual alike are prone to strive to maintain patriarchy. Punishing and loving the minister, and thus paradoxically placing himself in the American Way, i. e., the patriarchal consensus, Chillingworth barely finds his raison d'etre by forging the Oedipal space of the pseudo-patriarchal-family together with the minister.

著者

梅山 秀幸 Hideyuki Umeyama

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.37, pp.5-34, 2009-10-20

---

Dojoji is the famous temple for the wicked love story of Anchin and Kiyohime. But there is also an another legend of Kaminaga-hime (Princess Long Hair) which tells of the origin of the temple.There once was a fisherman's daughter who had beautiful long hair by grace of Kannon figure to which she always prayed. One day a bird brought some of her hairs to the imperial palace. Discovering the hairs, the emperor ordered his servants to find the owner of the hairs in order to marry her. Brought to the palace and made a favorite of the emperor, the fisherman's daughter although was sad because she had abandoned the Kannon figure. Dojoji was built by the emperor who sympathized with her anxiety for the Kannon figure.On the discovery of the golden hairs brought by a bird, King Mark had Iseult brought from Ireland by Tristan to his palace.The story of Kaminaga-hime is a Japanese variation of "Tristan and Iseult" . Kaminaga-hime is not an isolated case; it seems that we can find many similar stories in Japan. Here we point out, probably for the first time, the cycle of "Tristan and Iseult" in Japan.

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.35, pp.491-500, 2008-07-07

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.35, pp.491-500, 2008-07-07

著者

赤瀬 雅子 Masako AKASE 桃山学院大学文学部

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.21, pp.49-59, 2001-07-10

著者

深見 純生

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = Human sciences review, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.43, pp.145-170, 2012-11-21

著者

深見 純生

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = Human sciences review, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.44, pp.273-295, 2013-03-29

---

This is a biographical sketchi of Li Ye-si (a scholar with pseudonym Li Gao-tang in Zhe-jiang Yinxian1622-1680) : A chronological description of Li Ye-si's life-time history, his works and several movements of the related persons with him.

著者

高橋 ひとみ 衞藤 隆 Hitomi Takahashi Takashi Eto 桃山学院大学法学部 東京大学教育学研究科

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.37, pp.35-61, 2009-10-20

---

In February 2009, we tested the far-vision visual acuity and near-vision visual acuity of school children at "A" elementary school, a municipal school. The purpose of the test was to examine whether the present far visual acuity test could also identify the children whose near visual acuity is bad. Based on the past study, we set the standard of near visual acuity at 0.8. We recommended that children whose near visual acuity was under0.8 see an ophthalmologist. There were many children whose far visual acuity was under 1.0, more than half of all children, especially in the upper grades. This result shows that there is concern with the control of children's eyesight after the test.On the other hand, more than ten percent of the children of each grade scored less than 0.8 in uncorrected vision. We found children who have trouble seeing near objects who are overlooked in the present far visual acuity test. We have to check children's near visual acuity in order to find children who have trouble with near visual acuity.

著者

清水 真一

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = Human sciences review, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.45, pp.265-279, 2014-03-28

著者

浜根 知恵 大野 順子

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = Human sciences review, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.43, pp.121-143, 2012-11-21

---

The pioneering activities on the Hojyo Dunes, Tottori Prefecture, came about due to the abundant cultivation of cotton and colza that took place during the Edo period. This changed to the cultivation of mulberry with the advent of the Meiji period because of the importation of cotton from foreign countries. This Dune area was irrigated using a small artificial pond known as the beach well and it was used to draw up subterranean water it came to be called the "Wife-killer beach well" because of the intense labor it required. In the 1950's the government provided this area with irrigation facilities. With these government sponsored policies and advances in farming technologies it became possible to cultivate items such as grapes, tomatoes, melons, eddo potatoes and leeks that could be used to make monetary profit in the market in addition to more traditional crops of sweet potatoes, shallots and watermelons. Farming in this desert area, which demanded that fields be treated with artificial measures due the lack of water created a state of affairs where there had to be a switchover to growing crops that were profitable and in demand in the marketplace along with the implementation of modern irrigation techniques. This resulted in advancing cooperation simultaneous with the development of large scale management that exceeded the range of the then existent traditional community. And thus, with the introduction of modern irrigation facilities along with the elimination of excessive labor connected with the Wife-killer beach well, we also see the development of communal farming and the sharing of production and distribution activities in the area and other areas as well as the advancement of usage regulations involving water used for agricultural purposes. With this, there also rapidly came into existence, a large-scale form of agricultural management concerned with the renting and leasing of land.

著者

小林 信彦 Nouhiko Kobayashi 桃山学院大学文学部

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.28, pp.19-62, 2004-12-10

著者

軽部 恵子 Keiko Karube 桃山学院大学法学部

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.39, pp.57-93, 2010-12-15

著者

小林 信彦 Nobuhiko Kobayashi 桃山学院大学文学部(元)

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.33, pp.1-47, 2007-06-08

---

According to the Buddhist tradition, a buddha called Bhaisajyaguru has resolved that he would make everyone a buddha. But the world where people live is full of obstacles to their progress toward buddhahood. He devotes himself to remove such obstacles as sicknesses, famines, disasters, wars, and wicked governments. Thus he works hard to help people prepare for the ultimate goal. Among the manifold activities of Bhaisajyaguru, the Chinese are interested only in medicine. Called Yaoshi (藥師) in Chinese, this fo (佛) is worshipped as the almighty physician in China. Unlike Bhaisajyaguru, Yaoshi is capable of preventing the sick from dying and he is even able to revive the dead. It is just like the Chinese, who yearn for eternal life, to expect him to carry out the function of resuscitation. It is most characteristic of the Japanese Yakusi (藥師) to hold a medicine pot in the palm of his left hand. As the most reliable physician, he shares a basic function with his Chinese counterpart. Making a sharp contrast with Yaoshi, however, Yakusi does not demand repentance. The Japanese implore him for relief without repenting, and their wishes are granted at once. Since the mythological age, the Japanese have worshipped Ohonamuti (大己貴) and Sukunahikona (少彦名) , who are kami (神) competent in medicine. Like other kami, they do not care whether their devotees feel repentant, and they grant wishes if only implored. Naturalized in Japan, Yakusi is identified with them. Fostered in Japanese culture, he is a Japanese object of worship, quite independent of Yaoshi.

著者

小林 信彦 Nobuhiko Kobayashi 桃山学院大学文学部(元)

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.32, pp.1-51, 2006-11-30

---

In ancient Japan, the government ordered priests to perform kekwa 悔過 when a drought occurred or an emperor fell into a critical condition. Although the Chinese word hu-gu 悔過 meant repentance for an error," no participant in this Japanese rite repented. The Japanese conceived the idea of this rite on their own in accordance with their cultural tradition, borrowing only its name from Chinese. Chinese emperors of the sixth century took upon themselves wrongs done by their subjects and repented on behalf of them before the image of Yosh 藥師 the f 佛(buddha). By repenting so, they intended to nullify the wrongs so that disasters that might result would also be nullified: The emperors wished to prevent disasters from happening to their subjects. It took seven days at a minimum and one year at a maximum for the repenting emperors to satisfy Yosh and to be freed from the assumed sins. On the other hand,the Japanese performed their kekwa without repenting. They intended to mitigate disasters which had already happened, not to prevent those which were to happen in the future. And their wishes were granted at once. Chinese Yosh was naturalized in Japan to become Yakushi and joined the pantheon of Japanese kami 神, who had the habit of not demanding repentance from human beings and of being quick to respond to their wishes. The Japanese flattered the kami called Yakushi in order to stop present disasters immediately.

著者

藤間 真 志保田 務 谷本 達哉 西岡 清統 Makoto Toma Tsutomu Shihota Tatsuya Tanimoto Kiyonori Nishioka 桃山学院大学経済学部 桃山学院大学経営学部 羽衣国際大学・羽衣学園短期大学 大阪市立大学大学院創造都市研究科

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.28, pp.121-139, 2004-12-10

著者

高田 里惠子 Rieko Takada 桃山学院大学経営学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.34, pp.61-85, 2007-12-07