著者
中島 利幸
出版者
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.7, pp.502-507, 1960-07-20 (Released:2011-10-21)

エチレンは製油所の副生ガス中には少量しかふくまれていないため, その大量製造には特にこの目的のために炭化水素を熱分解しなければならない。エチレン製造の原料はエタン, あるいはプロパンのようなLPGと石油留分あるいは原油のような液状炭化水素とに大別されるが, 日本, 英国, ヨーロッパなどでは主に石油留分, 特にナフサが原料として使用されている。製造方法は, ナフサを約30lb/in2g, 700~800℃ の所定条件で分解したのち, 分解ガスはアセチレン, 炭酸ガス, 硫化水素などの不純物が除去されるよう精製され, ついで蒸留により各留分に分別される。製造工程は分解工程, 予備蒸留工程, 分解ガスの精製工程, 低温蒸留工程および高温蒸留工程にわかれており, 低温蒸留工程では0℃ 以下の低温および高圧で蒸留をおこなうため, 分解ガス中の水分の除去装置および大規模の冷凍装置が必要とされる。製造工程からでる製品としては, 主製品のエチレンのほか, 水素のメタンの混合物である副生ガス, エタン, プロピレン, ブタジエンを相当量ふくんだC4留分, ペンタン留分, ベンゾール, トルオールキシロールなどを多量ふくんだ高オクタン価の分解ガソリンおよび重油がある。

1 0 0 0 OA 原油の脱塩

著者
広瀬 富雄
出版者
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.4, pp.201-210, 1967-04-20 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
19

There are some refineries equiped with a desalter which removes impurities contained in crude oil and reduces fouling and corrosion in refinery equipment.This article is based on the literatures, home and abroad, and summaries what impurities are contained in crude oil, what benefits can be gained by eliminating these, Particularly putting emphasis on the relation between the corrosion and desalting, what theories of desalting are, and what financial sawings are expected from desalting.Desalting is said to be good for reduction of fouling problem on equipments, but this is not always the case with prevention of corrosion. There is no agreed opinion about its effectiveness, for it depends on what type of crude oil is processed and what type of plants are installed in the refinery. Therefore, budget justification for desalting is the problem for each refinery to decide under consideration of its refinery situations.If, in the near future, desulfurization plant of residuum is forced to be installed from view point of air pollution, the two-stage desalting might be closed up.
著者
高野 明信
出版者
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.11, pp.1001-1007, 1990-11-20 (Released:2011-02-23)
参考文献数
5

Petroleum refineries discharge industrial waste such as waste oils, sludge, waste acids, waste alkalis and etc. However, thanks to the adoption of reuti-lization and recycling activities, petroleum refineries discharge only 329 thousand to 594 thousand tons of industrial waste per year and the ratio of discharged industrial waste from petroleum refineries have dropped to about 0.1 to 0.2 percent of all discharged industrial waste. Therefore, petroleum refineries haven't particular problems on industrial waste treatment.
著者
横堀 進
出版者
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.3, pp.131-137, 1955-03-20 (Released:2011-10-21)
参考文献数
6

筆者は日本国鉄とドイツ連邦との交換研究員の一員として, 1953年12月から1954年6月まで約6ケ月の間ドイツ連邦鉄道に関し調査研究を行つてきた。その中の燃料事情につき次の諸項目にわけその概要を報告する。すなわち,(1) 西ドイツ連邦の出炭量と連邦鉄道の石炭消費量,(2) ドイツにおける石炭の分類,(3) ドイツ炭の性質,(4) 機関車用炭,(5) 煉炭,(6) 熱管理,(7) 一般用炭につき記述べる。
著者
岩間 彬 青柳 鐘一郎 木村 元雄 井原 博之
出版者
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.2, pp.79-95, 1972-02-20 (Released:2011-02-23)
参考文献数
31

From a view point of safety measure against the fire hazard involved with aircraft crash or ditch and singular hydrodynamical fluid motions in space flight and refueling with liquid rocket tankage, feasibility of gelled hydrocarbon fuels and propellants is discussed. It is concluded that O/W (oil-in-water) type gelled hydrocarbons are most promising as the safety fuels, resulting from a comparison in the rheological and combustion properties with the other gelled fuels; slurry, scaffold and thickened (highly viscous) ones. Physical properties and flammability of very high internal phase ratio gelled JP-4 and kerosene, ranged 96 to 99 vol% fuel content, and of N2H4/JP-4 gelled propellant developed by ISAS, Univ. of Tokyo and Mitsubishi Oil Company are described.
著者
増田 正美
出版者
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.11, pp.986-992, 1989-11-20 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
19

Antimatter possesses a highly condensed energy and the mass is completely converted to the energy by an annihilation reaction with matter. It has been considered as a science fiction that the space mission using such great amount of energy to other stars within the working lifetime of the crew.The p-p annihilation engine has been studied mainly in Europe and U.S.A.The reactor size is not so different from the main engine of Space-shuttle. At the present moment the antiproton is produced with use of a huge accelerator. In future, however, the optimization of production facilities enables the economical use of antiproton for a space vehicle. Nevertheless only a milligram of antiproton has energy of several-ten times as much as the conventional fuel.
著者
森川 清
出版者
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.12, pp.658-662, 1953-12-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

1952年の東北地区 (満洲) の諸工業復興は, 満洲国時代の最高生産量に比し, 重工業128%, 軽工業150%といわれるが, その真偽を筆者が復興の直接指導にあたつた石油工業について詳細に検討した結果, 充分信じうるものである。復興経過における技術員, 資材, 資金の調達, 計画, 人的構成, 教育などの面の特長をあげ, 將来の中国工業の注目すべきことを説く。
著者
藤元 薫
出版者
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.1, pp.2-12, 1987-01-20 (Released:2011-02-23)
参考文献数
10

A synthetic fuel plant which was built at Motunui (North Island, New Zealand) has began the commercial operation on March 1986 . The plant which has been constructed and operated by NZSFC (New Zealand Synthetic Fuels Corporation), produces 570, 000 tons of gasoline a year from 1 billion cubic meter of natural gas.The process for producing gasoline from natural gas is as follows:1. Natural gas is introduced with a pipe line from Maui which is one of the world largest off-shore gas field.2. The natural gas is converted to methanol with two trains of conventional ICI methanol syn thesis process.3. Crude methanol from the methanol plants is converted to gasoline with MTG (Methanol to Gasoline) process.The MTG process, which is developed by Mobil Oil Corporation (USA), convert methanol to hydrocarbon mixture composed of the aromatic-rich hydrocarbon mixture at around 400°C and under pressure, using a special zeolite (ZSM-5) developed by Mobil Corporation . The process gives gasoline (97 RON) with about 85% selectivity accompanied by small amount of LPG (Liquified petroleum Gas). The product gasoline is supplied to other petroleum refinery as a gasoline base oil.The conversion efficiency (energy base) of natural gas to synthetic fuel is estimated to be 56% (gasoline plus LPG) or 50% (gasoline only). The construction cost of the plant is estimated to be US $ 1, 218 million (on July 1985). The production cost of gasoline will be 56 (NZ¢/l) 2 in 1987 and 20 NZ¢/ l in 2000 .The operation of the huge synthetic fuel plant will result in the self supply level of the trans portation fuels as high as 54% in 1987 and also result in the crude oil import of 1, 640 thousand tons which is only 38% of that in 1973.
著者
飯田 弘文
出版者
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.9, pp.644-651, 1963-09-20 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
11

The auther have investigated the influence of the initial mixture tempe-rature on the burning velocities of Town Gas, Methane, Propane and Butane-Air Mixtures.The result showed that the maximum burning velocities of these fuel gas, (Sb) max.(cm./sec.) are proportional to the 1.5-1.7 th power of the absolute initial mixture tempearture Ti°K.i.e.(Sb) max=aTi1.5-1.5.Therfore, where high-speed combustion is requrired, an apreciable gain in rate of heat production J (kcal/mm2.sec.) can be had by increasing the initial mixture temper-ature.For instance, In the case of Town Gas, if the lenght of the inner cone of the flame are constant, Jmax for the initial mixture temperature of 373°K, 473°K and 573°K are respectively 1.4, 2.1 and 3.1 times larger than that for the room temperature.
著者
山本 健一
出版者
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.6, pp.449-457, 1965-06-20 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
5

In these days when it seems as if the steam engine of the 19 th century and the reciprocating type internal combustion engine have been developed to their peaks in all aspects, development of revolutionary engines based on principles entirely different from those of the conventional engines are being carried out actively?-aiming at an engine to be handed over to the next century.The following is a description of the NSU-Wankel rotary piston engine, which is said to be taking the lead in the development for industrialization among the various types of rotary piston engines, outlining the progress of development, principle, structure, and function of this distinctive engine.
著者
田野 辺親人
出版者
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.4, pp.213-223, 1957-05-20 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
4

内燃機関潤滑油の優劣の判定は究極的には実車による評価にまたねばならないが, その前段階として実験室的に篩分け評価を行うことが, 手間および経費を省くために必要である。その篩分け試験として純実験室的なIndiana Stirring試験法, Sohio試験法, Sand Cbro-matograph試験法があり, また試験エンジンによるものとしては, ローソンエンジン試験が慣用されている。筆者は前記種実験室評価法とローソンエンジン試験との相関について研究し相当によし相関性を認め, さらに国鉄各地方における各種実車による試験結果とも比較して, それらの間の関連について検討した。純実験室酌評価法と実用試験の結果の間には明確な関係があるとはいえないようで, またローソンエンジン試験はregular油とHeavy duty油の差はつかみうるが, 同一級のものの判定は困難で統一した試験法の確立がのぞまれる。
著者
西村 弘行
出版者
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.3, pp.171-181, 1980-03-20 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
9

As a result of decreasing supplies of f ossil hydrocarbons it has become recessary to reexamine other sources of raw materials f or possible conversion into hydro-carbons. In connection with the utilization of solar energy for renewable resources, the auther has been concerned with the lipid analysis of photosynthesizing plants such as rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), some dif ferent species of Euphorbia and other latex-bearing plants which grow naturally in tropical and temperate regions. The results have indicated that Euphorbia plants, e. g. E. tirucalli and E. lathyris contain a large amount of lipids such as triglycerides and steroidal triterpenes (about 1 to 2%w/w of the fresh plant). However, since Euphorbia plants have co-carcinogenic and toxic substances, e. g. diterpene esters, the industrial production of these oil might give rise to environmental problems such as air pollution.It is well known that Eucalyptus plants (some 600 species) also produce amount terpeoidal hydrocarbons. The most fascinating Eucalyptus plants which contain a large of oils have been explored. As the result, E. radiata, which is one of good canditotal. dates was discovered in Australia. It consists of 4.2% volatile and 4.5% non-volatile in total. Namely, about 95l or 8.7% (w/w) of ether-acetone soluble oil is gotten from one ton of the fresh juvenile E. radiata. The utilization of residue which contains cellulose and lignins is also very important. The microbiological biomass conversion of the Eucalyptus residue should be studied.