著者

金﨑 泰英 Kanasaki Yasuhide

出版者

新潟大学大学院現代社会文化研究科

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

no.53, pp.73-90, 2012-03

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The purpose of this study is to conduct a historical investigation to clarify how an ethos in the Japanese student baseball society was established. Most of the previous research focused on the process of how the organization of Japanese student baseball has been constructed. The results from these studies may contribute to the organization of Japanese student baseball society. However, in the process of the establishment of the Japanese student baseball organization, an ethos ingrained in this society in the game of baseball, which was introduced in the 1870's and has become one of the most popular sports in Japan, has involved not only wholesome spirituality, but also unwholesome spirituality. After defeat in World War Ⅱ, the CIE (Civil Information and Education Section ), a 3rd party, considered the reform of the system as most important, in particular to prevent the recurrence of unwholesome spirituality in the management baseball society, and it considered reinforcing "wholesome spirituality. The present study, therefore, argues that the ethos in student baseball society can be classified into three types of spirituality: 1) enduring hard training 2) patriotism in connection to militarism 3) self-purification against the side-effects of excessive popularity in the game of baseball in Japan.

著者

宝 鉄梅

出版者

新潟大学

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.203-214, 2003-07

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"九・一八"事变之后,日本于1932年建立了满洲国,为此中国东北被沦为日本殖民地。日本的野心不仅停止于此,蓄谋进行华北分离政策。日本通过"塘沽协定","梅津・何应钦协定","土肥原・秦德纯协定"侵占了华北大半土地。与此同时,日本关东军也着手内蒙古工作。关东军从蒙古王公贵族之中找到自已的代言人-德王,他们利用德王的建立蒙古国之心切,煽动德王进攻绥远。德王在关东军的唆使下,组织军队,做好了进攻绥远的准备。1936年的11月14日蒙古军进攻红格日图揭示了绥远事件的帷幕。从11月中旬到12月中旬之间,蒙古军进攻绥远数次,都以蒙古军的战败而告终。这就是绥远事件。傅作义领导的绥远军的胜利,很大地鼓舞了中国人民,掀起了全国性的抗日援绥远动。受抗日形势之影响,国民政府以绥远事件为由,停止了中日谈判,并借机在华北调集军队,致使华北中央化。为此,华北逐渐失去了中国于日本之间的缓冲作用。在本文中,首先梳理抗日援绥远动;其次,阐明中日谈判停止的原因;最后总结出华北分离政策失败的原因。

著者

劉 〔ルビン〕

出版者

新潟大学

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.right1-26, 1998-09

著者

李 建仁

出版者

新潟大学

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.127-144, 2002-11

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本稿対中国刑事訴訟的審判前程序進行了概観分析。因偵査階段主要由公安機関負責,起訴審査階段由検察機関負責。加上公・検機関在審判前程序中不受司法審査制約,故審判前程序存在着以下問題 : (1)因公安機関与検察機関在行使強制措施与専門性調査活動的権限時不受司法審査制約,故濫用職権的問題難于解決。(2)在起訴審査程序上,因該程序缺少訴訟特征,且検察機関自身有着偵査機関特性,故検察機関難于持中立的立場進行客観審査。(3)因保障犯罪嫌疑人権利的程序極少,加上犯罪嫌疑人承担着「如実回答」的法律義務,故犯罪嫌疑人的人権得不到充分保障。(4)因拘留,逮捕,起訴審査及補充偵査的期限合計可達到1年2個月以上,加上還可以利用取保候審・監視居住等強制措施控制犯罪嫌疑人,故従国際人権法的角度来看,犯罪嫌疑人受羈押,受控制的期限過長。

著者

邱 艶梅

出版者

新潟大学大学院現代社会文化研究科

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.37-54, 2003-07

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由干歴史性的原因,日本的会計制度由被称為三角形体制的商法会計制度,証券法会計制度及税法会計制度構成,其審計制度則由商法審計制度和証券法審計制度構成。同時作為向投資家対財務報表的信頼性提供保証機能的注册会計師審計制度也分別由商法和証券法加以規范。泡沫経済后大型破産,粉飾决算等問題的出現給注册会計師審計提出了厳峻的課題。如何適応国際化信息化時代的市場経済潮流,提高注册会計師審計質量及效率成了当面刻不容緩亟待解决的問題。多元化的審計制度在其発展階段確有其相互補充相互完善等優越性,但現今己成為提高注册会計師審計質量及效率的障碍,注册会計師審計制度的単一化勢在必行。

著者

孫 暘

出版者

新潟大学大学院現代社会文化研究科

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

no.45, pp.121-134, 2009-07

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妓女, 文学史上不可或缺的角色。 妓女,苦難、悲哀、凄惨的代名詞。但是筆者認為日本作家水上勉在《越前竹人形》、《飢餓海峡》、《雁的寺》《五番町夕霧楼》等作品中塑造的妓女形象却是寛容、慈悲与楽観。同時値得注意的是,水上文学中的妓女与男主人公多数没有性関係。水上如此描写的目的何在?妓女,対於水上而言,是否具有某種特殊的意義?本文以《五番町夕霧楼》的妓女夕子為中心,試図従這些違背常理的描写中,探討水上文学中妓女的佛性,以及妓女在苦難中的自救与他救的偉大的生存方式。従而進一歩考察水上文学的思想根源,即中国禅宗本来無一物思想対水上文学的潜在影響。与此同時,本文試図掲示始終関注貧困、 弱勢群体的水上文学的社会価値

著者

李 頴

出版者

新潟大学大学院現代社会文化研究科

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

no.66, pp.37-54, 2018-03

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China, Japan and South Korea, as neighboring countries in East Asia, have great differences in their attitudes towards history because of the differences in their education of history. Focusing on the Sino- Japanese War of 1894-1895, which decisively influenced the fate of the three countries, this paper makes a contrastive study of the middle school textbooks and teaching practices in the three countries, aiming to reveal the differences and their causes in the three countries. Last, this paper proposes some solutions to the reform of history education.

著者

呉 起

出版者

新潟大学大学院現代社会文化研究科

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

no.66, pp.19-35, 2018-03

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This paper attempts to clarify how Chinese employees were used by Mitsui Bussan in China. Prior to the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Mitsui Bussan mainly conducted business with Chinese merchants through compradors (Maiban). According to the situation of the branches in China, Mitsui Bussan gradually abolished compradors since 1898. Instead, Mitsui Bussan began to employ Chinese as drummers (Paojie) and managers to replace compradors. Since then, Chinese employees had played an important role in currency business, advancing into non-commercial ports and dealing with Chinese boycotts of Japanese products for Mitsui Bussan.

著者

曽 穎

出版者

新潟大学大学院現代社会文化研究科

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

no.43, pp.107-124, 2008-12

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日本于1964年4月28日正式加入经济合作与发展组织OECD。根据有关协定,承诺今后将逐渐取消对保留项目的交易限制,促进资本自由化。并且,日本自1967年6月开始实施资本自由化,其中汽车产业自1971年4月开始实施。从此开放了汽车工业国内投资市场,逐渐取消了对外国投资的限制。本论文通过对60年代后期至70年代初期汽车产业发展的动向及3次资本自由化实施过程中,日本政府采取尽量推迟自由化期限以达到有更多的时间提高汽车产业的竞争力;及日本政府在外资政策上发生的变迁,为了防止外国企业对日本企业的垄断和控制,对外资参与企业的经营・持股比率等进行了严格的规定和限制;特别是国内各汽车企业在此期间通过再编・合并和与国外厂商的资本合作的促进等,扩大了企业的规模,强化了企业的国际竞争力。本篇论文的目的在于阐明日本汽车工业的发展要因是与政府外资政策及各汽车企业自身的努力密切相关的。

著者

正道寺 康子

出版者

新潟大学

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.355-384, 1994-01-20

著者

Tipmart Kham

出版者

新潟大学大学院現代社会文化研究科

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

no.58, pp.35-57, 2014-03

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近年急速に増大した電子商取引は、租税法の分野にも変革を迫っている。その一つが、国際的な電子商取引に対する消費税課税の問題である。従来の取引形態では商品を海外から輸入する際には商社などが通関時に消費税を支払い、買主への販売価格に上乗せする形で消費税が課税されていたが、消費者が電子商取引により海外から直接商品を購入した場合には、この仕組みが事実上機能しない。このことは、インターネット回線を使ってダウンロードする形で購入する場合に特に顕著である。その結果、現在、消費税が海外からの商品購入には課税されず、国内からの商品購入には課される状態になっており、課税の公平や中立の観点から問題である。本論文は、この問題への対処法について、欧州の付加価値税におけるDistant Selling(遠隔地販売制度)や米国の州間販売取引におけるSales Tax(小売税)制度等を参考に、考察したものである。

著者

尹 恵暎

出版者

新潟大学大学院現代社会文化研究科

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

no.22, pp.1-17, 2001-11

著者

富山 栄子

出版者

新潟大学大学院現代社会文化研究

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

no.21, pp.249-265, 2001-08

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Foreign market entry analyses are important research fields not only in international management, but also in international marketing. There are two categories of foreign market entry analyses. One is used to explain entry modes. It includes (1) a 'modes of foreign market entry' model (MFME model) and (2) a 'process of internationalization' model (POI model). The other is used to explain the relationship between entry modes and marketing activities. This is the foreign market entry model created by Professor S. Takeda. In this paper I will examine each model and indicate my framework for analyzing foreign market entry. My conclusion is that an analysis from both the view point of the marketing dimension and the non-marketing dimension will be needed to analyze foreign market entry.

著者

熊沢 由美

出版者

新潟大学大学院現代社会文化研究科

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

no.22, pp.35-49, 2001-11

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The usage of the term "social welfare" started after the World War II in Japan, in article 25 of the Constitution enacted in 1946. The term appeared while the Diet was debating on the bill of the Constitution based on GHQ's draft. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the implication of the term in the Constitution by analysis on the process the Diet and others debated on the bill. As the result of this study, it is clear that the term of "social welfare" in the Constitution doesn't mean concrete policies but an aim of policies. It is a new concept of an aim to make policies under the control of the Welfare Ministry.

著者

斯琴図

出版者

新潟大学大学院現代社会文化研究科

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

no.60, pp.101-116, 2015-03

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Since 1990, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has achieved the highest economic growth in the whole China. From 2003 to 2009, for seven successive years, its real GDP growth rate was ranked at the first place among the 31 Chinese provinces and, except 1991 and 1999 it was with consecutive two digits growth for 19 years until 2011 (figure 1, table 1). The economic gross weight (the GDP total amount) drastically rose too, from the 23rd place to 15th place in a mere four years from 2004 through 2008 (table 2). The real economic growth rate that exceeded the average growth rate of the whole China, continued for 16years until 2011 (figure 1, table 1). This economic (GDP) growth is also called "Inner Mongolia phenomenon". However, in 2005, the growth rate dropped (as the nominal growth rate from its peak of 2008), and it was ranked at the six place with 15% in 2010, and in sixth place with 14.3%, in 2011. In addition, nominal growth rate of 5.28% in 2013 was the worst rate since 1978 (figure 1, table 1). In this paper, from the awareness of contributing factors for Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region economic high-speed growth, we will analyze empirically the factors that influenced to this economic high growth after 1990 and particularly after 2000. As a conclusion of this paper, we can summarize that the main factor that contributed to the high economic growth of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region it was the investment-led growth method in underground mineral resources development-related industry.

著者

関谷 勝

出版者

新潟大学

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.55-71, 2001-08

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The establishment of Medicaid (Title XIX of the Social Security Act) in 1965 is a jointly-funded, state-administered federal program that provides health care to the indigent. Medicaid is a Federal-State matching entitlement program providing medical assistance to low-income persons who are aged, blind, disabled, members of families with dependent children, and certain other pregnant women and children. The federal government then provides a grant of between 50% and 83% of the program's cost. The Medicaid legislation became effective on January 1, 1966. Today, all fifty states have Medicaid programs. The federal government established broad guidelines under which states are allowed to structure Medicaid programs specific to the needs of their citizens. Recipients numbered an estimated 35.2 million in 1995, and the cost has increased to $184.7 billion in 1998. The increasing cost of Medicaid has hit the states even harder than the federal government. On average, states pay 45% of Medicaid's cost. Medicaid dominates most states' health budgets, and is the second largest budget item in many states. Nevertheless, because of an inability to meet certain eligibility criteria, many of the targeted residents are not eligible for Medicaid assistance. Now, more than 40 million of Americans have no health insurance or other coverage and lack the income and resources needed to abtaion health care.

著者

中村 公義

出版者

新潟大学大学院現代社会文化研究科

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

no.29, pp.37-54, 2004-03

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Recently, pupils can't enough express their selves, thinks and hopes at class and it is very difficult to shape their autonomy. Therefore, this study looks at pupil's self-esteem and thinks that difficult conditions to shape pupil's autonomy are due to decline of pupil's self-esteem, and considers the background and clears some tasks of class management to improve it. And as way to brew them , this study considers some tasks of recent class management to propose proper posture of class not as complicated place where human relations are difficult , but as place to shape pupil's self-esteem by making good relationship of between a class teachers and pupils.

著者

Fukushima Masayoshi

出版者

新潟大学大学院現代社会文化研究科

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

no.60, pp.161-168, 2015-03

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本研究は、何故新興企業がライバル企業より利益率を早くそして高くあげることができるのかについて実証するため仮説と検証方法を提案することを目的とする。二つの対立的な概念を用いる。一つ目はレッドクイーン効果(RQE -攻めの競争行動)、二つ目はメールストローム効果(MSE-守りの戦略)である。RQE下でのDCと、MSE下でのDCでは、企業が得られる成果が全く異なることを論じる。DCは、急激な環境変化に対処するために内部と外部のコンピタスを統合、構築、再構成することができる企業の能力(Teece, 2009)をいう。ハイパー・コンペティション下の市場では積極的に攻めることがますます重要になってきている。しかしRQE下での行動は競争圧力を向上させ、競争者の数を増やし、行動のスピードも増すことになり、次第に企業業績に悪影響を及ぼす。利益率を上げるには攻めと守りの両立が解であることを分析し実証を次回の論文で明らかにする。

著者

広田 秀樹 Hirota Hideki

出版者

新潟大学大学院現代社会文化研究科

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

no.60, pp.49-65, 2015-03

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A serious missile crisis occurred in Europe during the late 1970s and 1980s after the Soviet Union deployed very powerful SS-20 intermediate-range nuclear force (INF) missile in 1977. Such bold military behavior on the part of Soviet Union represented the superiority of the leading socialist nation, pitted against the leading capitalist nation of the United States. Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as U.S. president in 1981. In response to this military action of the Soviet Union, his administration adopted a strategy known as "peace through strength". This was a fairly new approach that aimed to solve international political issues and establish world peace by utilizing national strengths, such as military power and technology in addition to economic prosperity. This paper explores the beginning of the missile crisis in Europe, as well as the beginning of the Reagan administration's strategy of "peace through strength".

著者

呉 斌

出版者

新潟大学

雑誌

現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, pp.151-168, 2006-03

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建国以来,中国知识产权法制建设大体可以分为5个时期,以「保障发明权与专利权暂行条例」和「商标注册暂行条例」的制定为代表的第1个时期虽然只存在了很短的一段时间,但从其内容和当时允许私有经济存在的国内环境来看,笔者以为应该予以充分的重视。历经以发明奖励条例为代表的空白期和专利法的制定为代表的形成期之后,从90年代开始中国知识产权建设逐渐走上发展的道路,这个过程应该说是在中美知识产权争端的推动下完成的。现在中国知识产权制度进入不断完善的过程,众所周知,中国知识产权保护还存在相当大的问题,这当然有「有制度乏管理」的原因,但是笔者认为在中国知识产权的发展过程中,法制建设没能很好的与中国实际相结合也有很大的联系。