文献一覧: 科学史研究 (雑誌)

1 0 0 0 OA 紹介

出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.42, no.228, pp.243-254, 2003 (Released:2021-08-12)

2022-09-25 05:55:00
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1 0 0 0 OA ウァレニウス『一般地理学』(1650)と17世紀地球論

著者: 山田俊弘
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.43, no.229, pp.1-12, 2004 (Released:2021-08-12)

This paper, in the first place, aims to make reappraisal to Bernhard Varen's General Geography(1650) from the viewpoint of the interaction of geography with the new science. I especially investigated the role of Descartes' theory and Varen's influence upon Steno. It is certain that Varen was familiar with the texts of Descartes such as Meteorology(1637) and Principles of Philosophy(1644). At the same time, however, he did not entirely adopt Cartesian doctrines but was even critical to the hypothesis of the flux and reflux. Steno, being famous as a founder of modern geology, made transcription from the many chapters of the first part of General Geography in his student years of Copenhagen(Chaos-manuscript, 1659). This shows the Steno's strong interest in the . meteorological and terrestrial phenomena since his early years and suggests high possibility that the Geography of 'Physics and Geography' in his Prodromus(1669, p.5) signified the Varen's General Geography. In this sense, therefore, the book should be reevaluated in the contexts of post-Cartesian theories of the Earth. The Dutch translation(1750) of the Varen's General Geography with numerous Newtonian annotations was introduced by ship to Japan and accepted by the Sendai Clan in 1829. This implies the introduction of the Newtonian theories of the Earth into Japan in the late Edo period, although there has hitherto been no obvious evidence that someone read the book to such an extent to utilize the knowledge. I could also show that the Description of the Realm of Japan(1649) and the General Geography shared the common sources concerning at least to the information of Japan and the Far East.

2022-09-25 05:55:00
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1 0 0 0 OA アジア太平洋戦争期における旧陸軍の航空研究機関への期待

著者: 水沢光
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.43, no.229, pp.22-30, 2004 (Released:2021-08-12)

The research and development of the aeronautical technology was relatively independently pursued by various sectors during the Asia-Pacific War(1931-1945) : Manufacturing companies developed aircraft prototypes based upon the Army and the Navy request. The Army and the Navy undertook research works at their own research institutes. When the Technology Board(Gijutsuin) was established at the beginning of 1942 as a central governmental agency for mobilizing science and technology, aeronautical research was selected as one of the major objectives. This paper shows that aeronautical research conducted in the Aeronautical Institute of Tokyo Imperial University and such institutions under the Technology Board like the National Central Aeronautical Institute was strongly affected by the Army's request to the research institutions outside the Army. The Army consistently insisted that the aeronautical institutions should conduct applied research more. Until 1937 the Army had been critical of the Aeronautical Institute of Tokyo Imperial University as conducting only academic research. The institute then accepted the applied research that the Army outsourced to the institute. In 1941 just before the war broke out the Army required the reform of the research. In the Army's perspective, the institutes outside should develop such new technologies as high altitude flight. The Army tried to bring in the new agendas based upon their survey on German recent research system. The Technology Board made the plan for setting up the new aeronautical institutes including the National Central Aeronautical Institute just to meet the Army's request, and the aeronautical institutes under the board undertook these research agendas in a piecemeal way.

2022-09-25 05:55:00
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1 0 0 0 OA ステーフィンとデカルトを繋ぐベークマン : 流体静力学のパラドクスの起源

著者: 本間栄男
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.43, no.229, pp.31-34, 2004 (Released:2021-08-12)

During the collaboration of Beeckman and Descartes, the young Frenchman wrote a short treatise on the "paradox of hydrostatics " which comes from Simon Stevin's work. It is certain that Beeckman brought forward the paradox before him. In this note I show its origin in Beeckman's Journal. I follow the sequence of references in his text to Stevin's and find the very theorem of "hydrostatical paradox ". I also refer to the importance of hydrostatics for Beeckman, because he thought a hydrostatical pressure model of the gravitation or attraction which is the central problem in his natural philosophy. At the end of their collaboration they thought falling body problem. This problem must give them another problem about the cause of gravitation. I think that in the course of explaining it they came upon the paradox.

2022-09-25 05:55:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 坪井正五郎と日本における人類学研究のはじまり(科学史入門)

著者: 坂野徹
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.43, no.229, pp.35-39, 2004 (Released:2021-08-12)

2022-09-25 05:55:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 戦前の数学科中等教員養成 : 臨時教員養成所数学科の設置をめぐって(科学史入門)

著者: 根生誠
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.43, no.229, pp.40-44, 2004 (Released:2021-08-12)

2022-09-25 05:55:00
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1 0 0 0 OA シンポジウム:日本戦時科学史の現状と課題(2003年度年会報告)

著者: 河村豊田中浩明山口直樹矢島道子常石敬一加藤茂生山崎正勝
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.43, no.229, pp.45-56, 2004 (Released:2021-08-12)

2022-09-25 05:55:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 第50回日本科学史学会年会・総会報告

出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.42, no.227, pp.178-184, 2003 (Released:2021-08-12)

2022-09-25 05:54:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 紹介

出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.42, no.227, pp.185-190, 2003 (Released:2021-08-12)

2022-09-25 05:54:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 1970年代半ば以降の日本の原子力発電開発に対する改良標準化計画の影響

著者: 中瀬哲史
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.42, no.228, pp.193-206, 2003 (Released:2021-08-12)

The purpose of this paper is to explain why the improvement and standardization of light water reactors were pursued in Japan, and to demonstrate what kinds of influences were brought by that. After the first Oil Crisis in 1974, Japanese nuclear power circle wanted to adopt the nuclear power as an alternative to the petrothermal power. However, operations of nuclear power plants in Japan confronted many troubles at that time, thereby lowering the operating rates of nuclear power plants and causing strong opposition among the people living in the vicinity of relevant sites. In 1975, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, together with the Japanese electric power and nuclear industries, embarked on the improvement and standardization of light water reactors in order to regain "reliability " of nuclear power generation. The project succeeded in improving reliability, which consequently increased the share of nuclear power generation and led a steady increase in plant construction. However, the "success " of this improvement and standardization project raised a new issue: An excess confidence in this technological attainment caused, on one hand, reluctance to invest fund for further technological improvement and, on the other, atmosphere not to permit prolongation of inspection period, together with the pressure for cost reduction under the circumstances of liberalization of electric power in progress since mid 1990s.

2022-09-25 05:54:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 『宅間流円理』第二巻の異本に記された著者(松岡龍一)と成立年代

著者: 横塚啓之
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.42, no.228, pp.207-212, 2003 (Released:2021-08-12)

The Takuma School is one of the schools of Japanese traditional mathematics in the Kansai district. Toshikiyo KAMATA (1678-1747) is the head of the third generation of the Takuma School. The Takuma-ryu Enri preserved in the library of the University of Tokyo consists of five volumes and the first two volumes have been thought to be KAMATA'S works. The Takuma-ryu Enri vol. 1 by Toshikiyo KAMATA is especially famous for the calculation of pi. The Takuma-ryu Enri Hijutsu is in the same library and one theory holds that its author is Toshikiyo KAMATA too. The Kohai-mitsujutsu Kigen preserved in the Ogura collection of Waseda University's library is composed of two volumes. The first volume is a variant text of the Takuma-ryu Enri Hijutsu and the second is an alternate version of the Takuma-ryu Enri vol. 2. At the end of the Kohai-mitsujutsu Kigen vol. 2 the description "Yoshikazu MATSUOKA respectfully has written this from 1792 to 1804 " can be found. Yoshikazu MATSUOKA (1737-?) is the head of the fifth generation of the Takuma School. By this fact and other reasons it is probable that the author of the Takuma-ryu Enri vol. 2 and the Takuma-ryu Enri Hijutsu is not Toshikiyo KAMATA but Yoshikazu MATSUOKA.