著者

帆足 図南次

出版者

Historical Society of English Studies in Japan

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.29-39, 1977

著者

菊池 重郎

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1973, no.5, pp.153-168, 1972-04-30 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

11

著者

山下 重一

出版者

Historical Society of English Studies in Japan

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

no.33, pp.57-71, 2000

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The first Japanese translation of "<I>On Liberty</I>" by Keiu Nakamura was published in Shizuoka in 1872, and the first Chinese translation of the same book by Yen Fu was published in Shanghai in 1903. This paper intends to examine reception of Mill's ideas in modern Japan and China by comparing the two translations of chapter III of "<I>On Liberty</I>" on individuality.<BR>Nakamura and Yen Fu had studied in Englan-the former from 1866 to 1868 and the latter from 1877 to 1879-, and both of them endeavoured to introduce Western ideas to their countries. They learnt from the Mill's book the great importance of liberty of thought and action, especially individuality of thought and mode of life. In chapter III of "<I>On Liberty</I>", Mill emphasized individuality of character, and variety of situations as the conditions of individual happiness and social progress and he preferred active and energetic character to passive and indolent one. Their translations of "<I>On Liberty</I>" clearly reflected their deep sympathy with Mill's ideas <I>On Liberty</I>.<BR>While Mill contemplated the liberty of thought, discussion and mode of life in mid-Victorian England, he was anxious about the approaching mass society which would oppress individuality and variety by enforcing conformity of thought and action. Though Nakamura and Yen Fu were living in quite a different atmosphere, they sincerely accepted Mill's principle of liberty.Nakamura who was an eminent thinker of enlightenment in early Meiji Japan and Yen Fu who was a passionate patriot in semi-colonized China, respectively accepted Mill's idea of individuality as a springboard to enlighten their own nations' energy and morality. Their translations of "<I>On Liberty</I>" were the grand monuments of the reception of Western ideas in Japan and China.

著者

石原 千里

出版者

Historical Society of English Studies in Japan

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

no.35, pp.1-15, 2002

被引用文献数

1

---

Nishi is a most reputable family of Japanese-Dutch interpreter at Nagasaki. Kichibe Nishi, the 1st, began his career as interpreter in Portuguese in 1616 and then in Dutch in 1641.<BR>Kichibe Nishi (1811-1854), the 11th, was a chief compiler of <I>Egeresugo Jisho Wage</I>, the second English-Japanese dictionary compiled in Japan, and his son Kichijuro (1835-1891) was also one of the compilers. The dictionary, compiled from 1851 through 1854 but unfinished, was a fruit of the government order in 1850 to study English and Russian languages and to compile an EnglishJapanese dictionary, which was the second in history after the first similar government order in 1809.<BR>In 1853 Japan faced with one of the biggest events in history, the visits of Commodore M. C. Perry and also Admiral E. V. Putyatin with their squadrons, requesting the opening of Japan, and the interpreters were forced to be involved in those events. Major compilers of the dictionary, Kichibe Nishi, Einosuke Moriyama, Eishichiro Narabayashi and Gohachiro Namura, played important parts in them as well. Kichibe Nishi was the chief of the interpreter corps to Admiral E. V. Putyatin. He was used to be assigned tasks to facilitate confidential Dutch-Japanese talks between J. H. <I>Donker Curtius</I>, Superintendent of the Dutch Deshima Factory, and the Governor of Nagasaki over ways to deal with the foreign powers.<BR>Although it was unfortunate that the dictionary was left unfinished under those circumstances, the efforts of the interpreters directed to their study of English were to be highly valued, since many of them made the most of their knowledge of English in their work and in teaching English. Kichibe Nishi, who took charge of their studies of English, was also an excellent teacher of Dutch to many of those interpreters in their childhood. His life, which has little been known, is described in this paper.

著者

櫻井 豪人

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2002, no.34, pp.37-45, 2001 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

16

著者

堀 孝彦

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2004, no.36, pp.73-99, 2003 (Released:2010-05-07)

参考文献数

22

---

Makino Tomitaro (1862-1957) was a well-known scholar of botany and the creator of an original Japanese botanical system. He succeeded in this because he was able to surpass the boundaries of botany, engaging himself in the study of the humanities on the basis of not only botanical works but also of works related to English Studies.A visit last year by Tomoo Endo and me to the Makino Library of the Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden in Kochi and an on-site research of his library and library catalogues enabled us to conclude that Makino Tomitaro was not only a botanist but also a scholar of English Studies. In this case the conventional notion of English Studies should be broadened and redefined as 'humanities', in the sense of the literae humaniores or the 'moral science' of 18th century England and Scotland. Just as the scope of Rangaku or the Study of Western sciences in Japan in the Edo period (through the Dutch language) went beyond Dutch Studies alone, English Studies were not restricted to English philology or English literature but treated by means of the English language all the Western sciences.This shows us once again what remarkable man Makino Tomitaro actually was.

著者

北原 かな子

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.30, pp.61-72, 1997 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

29

---

Arthur Collins Maclay, the son of Rev. Robert Samuel Maclay the founder and first superintendent of the Japan mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church, stayed in Japan from 1873 to 1878 as an English teacher at To-o-gijuku (東奥義塾) of Hirosaki, Kogakuryo (工学寮) of Tokyo, and Chugakko (中学校) of Kyoto. After leaving Japan, he went to America and became alawyer, and a well-known author and lecturer on Japan and the Orient.A Budget of Lettes from Japan, written by Arthur Collins Maclay, was one of his activities to introduce Japanese culture to America. This book which was published in 1886, held public attention and won high praises in over seventy press notices.His writings vividly depict the life of Japanese people in the early Meiji Era as well as his own experiences in Japan. The descriptions of Hirosaki especially show us not only a young foreign teacher's intercultural experience in the province but also many facts which have been unknown so far.Since only a few attempts have hitherto been yet made, the purpose of this paper is to introduce Maclay's writings on Hirosaki with explanations of the circumstance and background of that time and to indicate the significance of his descriptions.

著者

橋本 かほる

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2001, no.33, pp.155-168, 2000 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

28

---

The Nobility of Failure : Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan by Ivan Morris. This book traces a single theme throughout 16 centuries of Japanese civilization and the lives of nine of its heroes.Morris writes the motivation for writing this thesis was as follows.Mishima Yukio once suggested to me that my admiration for the beauty of Japanese Court culture and the tranquil world of Genji might have obscured the harsher, more tragic side of Japan. By concentrating my studies on men of action, whose brief lives were marked by struggle and turmoil, I have perhaps redressed the balance. He dedicated this book to Mishima.The nine tragic heroes dealt with by Morris are Prince Yamato Takeru, Yorozu, Prince Arima, Sugawara Michizane, Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Kusunoki Masashige, Amakusa Shiro, Ooshio Heihachiro, Saigo Takamori. What is the definition of “hero” ? The concept of quality of “makoto” which Japanese heroes have. Hoganbiiki (which literally meant “sympathy with the Lieutenant”). As well I will discuss western viewpoints on “hero”.I have doubts about Ooshio Heihachiro. Could he really have been a Japanese hero? If not, then why did Morris put Ooshio Heihachiro into this book? Here in this thesis, I want to consider the relation between Morris and Mishima from that point.

著者

篠田 左多江

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1995, no.27, pp.151-164, 1994 (Released:2009-10-07)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

---

Joaquin Miller, a well-known poet as the “Byron of Oregon”, lived his final years on the hills above Oakland, California. Many literary figures and artists gathered there, which seemed to be “a mecca for the lovers of art.” Among them was Yone Noguchi, who wrote some volumes of poetry and was praised in the U. S. and England. He returned to Japan as a world-famous poet.At the turn of the century some Japanese young men follwed Noguchi to stay at Miller's heights, since Miller was born to a Quaker family and was not a racist. Some of them hoped to be poets and others, painters.Isen Kanno, who was born in Sanuma, Miyagi Prefecture, and studied theology in Doshisha, came to Oakland in 1903 and became one of Miller's students. While he learned the art of composing poetry, he fell in love with a sculptress, Gertrude F. Boyle, who stayed there to make a bust of Miller's mother. Though the Japanese were then prohibited from marrying the white American women by law, he was married to Gertrude to prove what love could do.He wrote articles for the Japanese immigrants' newspapers and composed poetry. One of his works was Creation Dawn privately published in 1913, which was staged at the Forest Theater in Carmel-by-the-Sea with Mr. and Mrs. Kanno playing parts of hero and heroin. They got a great reputation from both Japanese and Americans by this performance. Isen Kanno must have been happy to be successful, but Fortune didn't keep smiling on him. His happy life was suddenly broken by his wife's love affair with a young art student, Eitaro Ishigaki. This scandal created such a great sensation among the San Franciscans that Gertrude and Ishigaki could stay there no longer and moved to New York. Isen suffered from the betrayal by the two he had believed in. After a month he left Miller's heights and went to Aileton to be a farmer.This is an essay on Isen Kanno's life from his birth to the days he lived in Oakland and San Francisco. The rest of his life will be made clear in the next essay.

著者

今井 一良

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1984, no.16, pp.51-62, 1983

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At the end of the second year of Meiji (1869 A. D.) an English <I>oyatoi</I> came to Nanao, a port town in Kaga, in order to teach English and French at a school there. <BR>The name of the school was Nanao Gogakusho i. e. Nanao Foreign Language School that was established by Kanazawa Clan as the branch school of Chienkan, English language school founded by the clan in Kanazawa.<BR>This Englishman's name has been known as Osborn, but it was not until seven years ago that his first name became known. His full name was Percival Osborn, and at the same time his Japanese wife's name and his career in Japan etc. were proved as the fruit of the late Mr. Tsukahara's and my many years' study.<BR>Percival was born in London on the 16th of September in 1842. His father John Jenks Osborn was an American army officer stationed at Aachen in Germany and he was given an education in Germany and Switzerland besides England. So he learned German and French in addition to English.<BR>In 1867 he landed in Japan via China. When he came to Nanao, his Japanese wife named Seto was pregnant and on the 15th of June in 1870 his son George was born there.<BR>The number of his pupils was about thirty and many among them grew up to make their names immortal. They contributed greatly to the modernization of Japan, and especially following six men are famous : Joji Sakurai ; a doctor of science, Jokichi Takamine; a doctor of pharmacy and science, Isoji Ishiguro; a doctor of engineering, Jintaro Takayama; ditto, Seijiro Hirai; ditto, and Sotokichi Uriu; an admiral.<BR>For about two years from 1871 he had been employed as a teacher of English and French at the school of Okayama Clan.<BR>In Novenber 1872 he was employed in the Kanagawa prefectural government and had filled the post of foreign secretary for nearly seventeen years. Japanese government decorated him with the third order for his sincere service to the local government.<BR>In 1890 he went back to England with his wife and two children. His daughter Agnes was born in Yokohama in 1876.<BR>After he returned to his native country, he lived in comfort and died at Vevey in Switzerland in 1905. Now his granddaughter Margaret is in good health and lives at Uckfield in East Sussex, England.

著者

門田 明

出版者

Historical Society of English Studies in Japan

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.91-100, 1977

著者

今井 一良

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1984, no.16, pp.51-62, 1983 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

17

---

At the end of the second year of Meiji (1869 A. D.) an English oyatoi came to Nanao, a port town in Kaga, in order to teach English and French at a school there. The name of the school was Nanao Gogakusho i. e. Nanao Foreign Language School that was established by Kanazawa Clan as the branch school of Chienkan, English language school founded by the clan in Kanazawa.This Englishman's name has been known as Osborn, but it was not until seven years ago that his first name became known. His full name was Percival Osborn, and at the same time his Japanese wife's name and his career in Japan etc. were proved as the fruit of the late Mr. Tsukahara's and my many years' study.Percival was born in London on the 16th of September in 1842. His father John Jenks Osborn was an American army officer stationed at Aachen in Germany and he was given an education in Germany and Switzerland besides England. So he learned German and French in addition to English.In 1867 he landed in Japan via China. When he came to Nanao, his Japanese wife named Seto was pregnant and on the 15th of June in 1870 his son George was born there.The number of his pupils was about thirty and many among them grew up to make their names immortal. They contributed greatly to the modernization of Japan, and especially following six men are famous : Joji Sakurai ; a doctor of science, Jokichi Takamine; a doctor of pharmacy and science, Isoji Ishiguro; a doctor of engineering, Jintaro Takayama; ditto, Seijiro Hirai; ditto, and Sotokichi Uriu; an admiral.For about two years from 1871 he had been employed as a teacher of English and French at the school of Okayama Clan.In Novenber 1872 he was employed in the Kanagawa prefectural government and had filled the post of foreign secretary for nearly seventeen years. Japanese government decorated him with the third order for his sincere service to the local government.In 1890 he went back to England with his wife and two children. His daughter Agnes was born in Yokohama in 1876.After he returned to his native country, he lived in comfort and died at Vevey in Switzerland in 1905. Now his granddaughter Margaret is in good health and lives at Uckfield in East Sussex, England.

著者

遠藤 智比古

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1989, no.21, pp.169-184, 1988-10-01 (Released:2010-08-10)

参考文献数

26

---

The main theme of this paper is to make clear when and how the names of shichiyo were translated from European languages into Japanese.The writer examined representative Dutch-Japanese dictionaries compiled in the Edo era and important English-Japanese or Japanese-English dictionaries published in the late years of Edo era and in the early years of the Meiji era.In the oldest, extant English-Japanese dictionary ‘_??__??__??__??__??__??__??__??_’ (1811) by Shôei Motoki, we can find the names of shichiyo in the same forms as in the present use. But about 20 years before, Shôei's father Yoshinaga Motoki made an astroromical translation from Dutch, and in his book (1791-1792), we can find shichiyo such as_??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_.It may be said that Yoshinaga Motoki and his son played an important role in the translation of shichiyo.In the process of his translation, he seemed to refer to Latin. How was he able to have a knowledge of Latin? In 1595, Christian missionaries made a Latin-Portuguese-Japanese dictionary in Amakusa. He could consult this dictionary.After presenting a report at the regular monthly meeting in May, 1988, the writer knew that shichiyo appeared as _??__??_, _??_, _??_, _??_, _??_, _??_, _??_ in ‘Midokampakuki’ by Michinaga Fujiwara (998). Why were they in the same order as in the present use?What is the relation between the theory of the five natural elements _??__??__??__??__??_ (i.e. wood, fire, earth, metal and water) and the naming of shichiyo?The writer hopes this paper will help scholars make further studies.

著者

井田 好治

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1986, no.18, pp.85-100, 1985-11-01 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

7

---

The purpose of this paper is to make something unknown known by describing concisely the contents of the above-named Calendar in terms of the teaching of English in the early years of the Meijiera.The description begins with the historical outline of the Tokio Kaisei-Gakko, or Imperial University of Tokio, which derives its origin from the Bakufu institutions for Western learning and studies. The following sections deal with its organization, admission, teachers both oyatoi and Japanese, catalogue and analysis of students enrolled.Much has been written about the curriculum of the General Course, especially about the syllabuses of English Language and Literature, Logic and Rhetoric. English textbooks used in the Course are also mentioned.The final section is given to some illustrations of questions set at the annual examination in July, 1876 by oyatoi professors. Additionally, the books located in the Kaisei-Gakko Library is classified and counted.

著者

関口 英男

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1996, no.28, pp.29-41, 1995 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

5

---

I discovered several old Japanese tombs even in the North East of England. Some were tombs of Japanese students who died accidentally without seeing their homeland again.Bysaku Fukao was one of the unfortunate. He fell from the dock at Middlesbrough and drowned at the age of 18, on 14th November 1873. He was engaged as an articled pupil with Dixon and Company, Shipbuilding firm and studied at Walworth House College, Darlington at the same time. He was buried in Darlington West Cemetry.Katsu Iwamoto was another. His tomb was found in St. John's Church Cemetry in Newcastle. His name was listed in the “List of Students” of Durham University Calendar 1877-78. He was a naval cadet when he was ordered by the Ministry of Imperial Japanese Navy to study gun manufacturing. But unfortunately he contracted tuberculosis and died four months later at the age of 20, on 21st June 1877.With these predecessors' great effort the modern industrial Japan was created.

著者

松野 良寅

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, no.26, pp.103-123, 1993 (Released:2009-10-07)

参考文献数

11

---

German medicine had overwhelming influence by its theoretical study on the medical circles of Japan from the 10th year of Meiji (1877). It was adopted by the Daigaku-tokoO, the predecessor of the medical department of the Tokyo Imperial University, in 1869, when British medicine, whose supeority in practical medicine was shown by William Willis, was being forgotten in the medical circles, and doctors and students were showing a marked trend toward medical research for research's sake.Kanehiro Takagi, who learned British medicine as a Japanese naval surgeon at the attached medical school of St. Thomas's Hospital in London, insisted on having to change such a trend and make more account of medical treatment in order to deliver patients from their illness. He supposed beriberi, which in those days was thought to be caused by germs, would be caused by lack of some nutriments. He buckled himself down to the work of improving meals of the naval men and at last succeeded in protecting them against beriberi. And since 1884 an outbreak of beriberi had never been seen among the Japanese navy.This paper treats from the viewpoint of the English studies in Japan how much British medicine influenced upon Kanehiro Takagi, one of the naval surgeons in the Meiji era, and also how much British pragmatism infiltrated into the Japanese navy. After all Takagi owed a great deal to British medicine based on pragmatism and it can be said that his success in stamping out beriberi among the Japanese navy was a victory of British medicine.

著者

松野 良寅

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1999, no.31, pp.147-166, 1998 (Released:2009-09-16)

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The Russian government sent Nikolai P. Rezanov as the sencond special envoy to Japan in 1804, but, to his great disappointment his offers were refused and the negotiations broke down.His disappointment turned into resentment, until he made up his mind to seek revenge on Japan and ordered his men, Khvostov and Davidov, to make assaults on Japanese bases in Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, in retaliation for Japan's refusal of Russia's requirement for trade.Khvostov assaulted Etorofu Island, plundering the island and setting fire to the guardhouse and the warehouse, and when he left the island, he left a note behind to the Japanese official. By having Doeff, superintendent of Dutch factory, read the note, it was found that the note was a declaration written in Russian and French, showing their motive for their assaults on Japanese bases.After that, another incident happened at Kunashiri Island in 1811. The Diana, a Russian surveying ship, appeared off Kunashiri Island and when the captain V. M. Golovnin and his men were getting to land, Japanese officials played tricks on the Russians and succeeded in capturing them.Golovnin and seven other Russians were transferred to Matsumae and imprisoned there for about two years.During their imprisonment, Golovnin instructed Sadasuke Murakami, Sajaroh Baba, Sanai Adachi and others in Russian. As each student had by nature an aptitude for languages the instruction in Russian by Golovnin was quite successful and it was to take the initiative in studying foreign languages except Dutch in Japan.

著者

森川 隆司

出版者

Historical Society of English Studies in Japan

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

no.11, pp.77-106, 1978

著者

尺 次郎

出版者

Historical Society of English Studies in Japan

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

no.22, pp.169-178, 1989

著者

井田 好治

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1976, no.8, pp.115-136, 1975-09-30 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

16