著者

中村 博一

出版者

文教大学大学院言語文化研究科付属言語文化研究所

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.256-271, 2011-03-01

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Ninja is said to be the ancient warrior originated in Japan. Nowadays its transnational emerging has been seen globally, even in Sokoto, northern Nigeria where I have conducted field research for Nollywood kungfu film since 2001. In this article, I trace some transnational process of ninja representation outside Japan and consider ways to transform global image into a localized ninja/ninjoji of Sokoto.

著者

藤井 仁奈

出版者

文教大学大学院言語文化研究科付属言語文化研究所

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.269-284, 2012-03-01

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Miyoji is a main character of Tempo 12nen no Shakespeare. He is a man of the humblest birth in Edo period; he is a cunning schemer who wants to be in the ruling classes by using words. He idntifies himself as an expert wordsman just like his master who was an expert swordsman. He commits crimes just like as Macbeth: an old which woman makes a prediction about him, which controls him completely. She also tells him that his taboo is one pair of twin women. However, he fervently feels a secret love for them and at last he rapes and kills one and he married the other after killing her husband. This violation of his taboo collapses his identity: he loses his ability to use words and takes his own llife. He can't use any trick or scheme with his wife. He is a defective schemer. This kind of absurdity, which Inoue wanted to write in this play, is put together into Miyoji. I hope to analyse Miyoji's identity as an expert wordsman while showing his contradiction and insanity and suggest the absurdity coming from Inoue's satire on this modern world.

著者

李 永寧

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.136-146, 1997-03-01

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Taking the view that the language a person uses when he or she is angry is a key to understanding that person's value system and true character, I will examine the language of abuse available to the native speaker of Chinese and show its connection to the "Chinese spirit."

著者

アスィエ サベル・モガッダム 鈴木 健司

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.49-59, 2018-03-16

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The translation of Kenji Miyazawa tales which will be published soon in Iran, is the first translation of Kenji's fairy tales in Persian. Due to the differences in grammar and writing between Japanese and Persian, the author has tried to address some of the challenges which are on the way to a good translation of the works of Kenji Miyazawa in Persian language. Among the cases that have been investigated, one can refer to "Comparing the subject in Japanese and Persian sentences, The use of written and spoken language, Onomatopoeia and the local dialect of the Iwate province", which has been frequently used in Kanji's works.

著者

加藤 一郎

出版者

文教大学大学院言語文化研究科付属言語文化研究所

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.141-157, 2001-03-01

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Estas malriĉaj la "vidaj dokumentoj", kiuj prezentas la realecon de la Holokaŭsto. Krome, absolute ne ekzistas "vidaj dokumentoj", kiuj prezentas la proceson de la masaj ekzekutoj en la "gasaj ĉambroj" de la koncentrejoj de Auschwitz, la simbolon de la Holokaŭsto. En tiu situacio publikis la albumo de David Olére, kiu meme estis la prizonulo de Auschwitz kaj tuj post la liberiĝo skizis kelkajn skizojn pri la proceso de la masaj ekzekutoj. Pro tio la ortodoksaj historistoj pri la Holokaŭsto prezentas la skizojn de David Olére kiel "vidajn dokumentojn" de la proceso de la masaj ekzekutoj. Sed, en tiuj skizoj ekzistas multaj eraroj kaj misprezentaĵoj.

著者

八代 隆政

出版者

文教大学大学院言語文化研究科付属言語文化研究所

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.88-114, 2000-03-01

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Given transitive and intransitive sentence constructions, there are ideally two types of languages; nominative-accusative languages and ergative-absolutive languages. In a nominative-accusative language like Latin, the subject of an intransitive verb is functionally identified in some manner with the subject of a transitive verb, and two are referred to as nominative case. In an ergative-absolutive language, commonly termed merely 'ergative language', there is a functional identity between the subject of an intransitive and the object of a transitive; these two are termed absolutives or absolutive case. The subject of a transitive verb, called the ergative case or ergative, is distinct.A good number of ergative languages, which are generally referred to as split ergative languages, assign varying case-marking patterns on the basis of tense or aspect. For example, Urdu, Hindi and Punjabi show the ergative-absolutive patterning only in the perfect aspect. Pashto accepts the nominative-accusative construction in the non-past tense and the ergative-absolutive construction in the past tense.This paper is devoted to a consideration of the split ergative phenomenon in Urdu and Pashto. The first two sections show certain general characteristics that have been noted in ergative and split ergative languages. Section 3 covers some matters related to the ergativity of these two languages ranging from morphological to syntactic. Section 4 examines the particular features in Urdu's perfect aspect of the case-marking pattern based on the semantics of the verb, with volitional verbs requiring the ergative-absolutive pattern and non-volitional verbs being of the nominative-accusative pattern.

著者

白鳥 克弥

出版者

文教大学大学院言語文化研究科付属言語文化研究所

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.192-172, 2010-03-01

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Science Fiction novels have a lot of War novels. Particularly famous works are Robert A. Heinlein's "Starship troopers" and Joe Haldeman's "THE FOREVER WAR". "Starship Troopers" is known as a warlike novel, and "THE FOREVER WAR" is known as an antiwar novel."Starship Troopers" is a famous warlike and right wing novel, and a view of war is based on the early American ideal. The ideal has a self righteous side, and makes others inferior human, because "Starship Troopers" is a warlike novel.On the other hand, "THE FOREVER WAR" is antiwar think, because this novel has influence of the Vietnam War. Haldeman was a soldier of the Vietnam War. Probably that experience is the novel's background. He thinks human's hostility to others is a factor of wars, and at all times murder is a sin.The difference between the two novels is based in a view of others, as one side looks at the enemy as inferior humans, and the other side looks at humans as equal.

著者

趙 仲

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.70-91, 2015-03-01

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关于日语心理动词的格助词使用问题,我们知道 : “o(を)”提示对象内容,“ni(に)”提示对象或者原因。先前的研究大多止步于此,没有系统地做下去。因心理活动的格助词使用情况与其在句子中的功能和位置有关,本研究将讨论对象圈定为心理动词在陈述句中作谓语的情况。通过例句分析,本文将影响心理动词的格助词使用的因素分为句子结构和语意影响两种情况。前者指受“o(を)+表示作用接收方的ni(に)”这一句子结构制约的心理动词;后者指不受这一结构制约,单独使用“o(を)”,或单独使用“ni(に)”的心理动词。本文以后者,即格助词使用受单纯语意制约的心理动词为中心,将这类心理动词的格助词使用情况分为了“o(を)”,“o(を)”或“ni(に)”和“ni(に)”三种情况,并通过调查得出三种格助词使用情况不是互相孤立的,而是具有连续性的。具体表现为,使用格助词“o(を)”的心理动词中有一部分词的格功能开始向“ni(に)”转变,使用格助词“ni(に)”的心理动词中有一部分词的格功能开始向“o(を)”转变。由此,将格助词使用受语意制约的心理动词分成了既互相区别又相互联系的五类。此外,本文具体讨论了这种制约心理动词格助词使用的语意特征具体体现为主体性。即按照主体性由强到弱的顺序,心理动词的格助词使用情况依次为:“o(を)”、开始向“ni”发生功能转变的“o(を)”、既可用“o(を)”也可用“ni(に)”、开始向“o(を)”发生功能转变的“ni(に)”、“ni(に)”。

著者

王 鉄橋

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.25-48, 1989-06-01

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The honorific expression term is not peculiar to Japanese only, but also exists in Chinese. But the forms of this expression are stressed differently in these two languages. The Chinese honorific expression is mainly shown in presonal expression terms and the roundabout expressions which have greatly increased recently. The honorific expression term of Japanese, however, exists in prefixes, suffixes, vocabulary, grammar etc., and personal expression terms tend to be reduced while the roundabout expressions tend to increase. That the difference between the honorific expression term of Chinese and that of Japanese has some influence in Chinese and Japanese lauguage teaching should be paid great attention to.

著者

阿川 修三

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.1-20, 2008-03-01

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蒸気(joki) is the Japanese translation made by 蘭学者(Scholars of Dutch learning)in the l9th century. It spread from the birth, and formation process until established and was considered in this thesis according to material in 蘭学書(Dutch learning books) and 蘭和辞書(Dutch-Japanese dictionary). It was considered whether 英華字典(missionaries' English-Chinese dictionaries) and 漢訳洋書(foreign books translated into Chinese) had influenced the formation of the translated word 蒸気(joki) and confirmed that it was unrelated in anyway.

著者

明 恵英

出版者

文教大学大学院言語文化研究科付属言語文化研究所

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.189-208, 2011-03-01

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Judging from contents taken from among the above-mentioned two people, Tyesungu was the love of modern times and the suitable partner who could practice "the love of the body and soul" for wise Nahyaesoku. Tyesungu initiated Nahyaesoku into the new knowledge that he cultivated through Japan and they repeated arguments.However, the two people seem to have agreed "to create Korean things from the knowledge that they got through Japan", but they were divided in their opinion about "realization of the self of the woman" and "the self of the community". Nahyaesoku rook in his opinion enough and wrote "an ideal woman" and advocated women's rights theory, but as Tyesungu attached greater importance to race sovereignty recovery, he gave her advice calmly that, though he could understand her idea, he could not agree with it because women's rights theory was too early.It must have been hard for Nahyaesoku not to get support of dearest Tyesungu. It is supposed that she had a blank of a further 2 years and six months for that reason. And it was 1917, 1 year and six month passed after Tyesungu died, at last she was awakened to "the self of the race" and wrote an article that reflected on herself at that time.

著者

明 恵英

出版者

文教大学大学院言語文化研究科付属言語文化研究所

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.180-197, 2012-03-01

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In the early days of 1910, 'Sirakaba', the group of liteerature was interested in Japanese literary trends because the Sirakaba grew out of naturalism and stood for humanitarianism and idealism. Their theory was spread by 'Shirakaba' the journal of literature in Japan. After that, the sutudents from Korea studying abroad in Japan Published the Korean journal 'Hakjigwang' inspired by Sirakaba, because they had huge agreement with the movement of Shirakaba where they spoke about the bad colonial situation of Korea. In shis group, Seung gu Choi, who was the lover of Hyesuk Na and a poet of Korea, was in charge as chairman of editing and printing. After that, he publised an essay 'revolutionize yourself' inspired by the theories of 'individuality', 'the self' and so on from Musanokoji Saneatz. On the other hand, Hyesuk Na who joined the group of students studying abroad with Kyungsuk Na, her older brother, fell spiritual love with Seunggu Choi. In 1914, Hyesuk Na was fixing her aim in life as the first and best feminist of Korea by publishing 'the ideal lady' in th Korean journal Hakjigwang inspired by 'Cheongtop' the best journal for the Japanese female. However, Seunggu Choi asked Hyesuk Na to join in the regeneration of colonized Korea by publisshing an essay 'the requirement of sentimental life'. In 1917, after Seunggu Choi died of phthisis, Hyesuk Na suggested to turn him into a nationalist by publishing an essay 'miscellaneous impressions' which was composed in two parts. After that, she determined the resuscitation of Korea by publishing a brief tale 'to granddaughter who comes to life again' and she participated in the campaign for the independence of Korea.

著者

八代 隆政

出版者

文教大学大学院言語文化研究科付属言語文化研究所

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.104-140, 2001-03-01

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In the discussion of Pashto, two major dialectal groupings are considered – "Soft Pashto" or southwestern dialects spoken around Kandahar, Afghanistan; and "Hard Pashto" or northeastern dialects spoken in the Peshawar area, Pakistan. The latter has been most directly in contact with western Indian languages, e.g. Urdu and Punjabi.This report presents the results of my linguistic survey in Peshawar, including new data of Yusufzai dialects based on my field work. Then similarities and differences between Urdu and Pashto will be identified. It is intended as a beginning rather than an end-point.

著者

小林 勝法

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.93-111, 2020-03-16

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I examined 116 school songs of private universities which I found through their websites or by contacting them, in order to analyze their characteristics. Of them, 110 universities (94%) had established school songs. I obtained and investigated the lyrics of 109 of those by classifying them into the following time periods according to the year they were established:Old system period (1920-1947) : The period of the old school system Expansion period (1948-1988) : The period after World War II, when many universities were establishedHeisei period (1989-2014):The period when the 18-year-old population began to decline, women's colleges became coeducational, and junior colleges became universitiesUpon text mining the lyrics, I found the following characteristics:・In the lyrics, 75 of the university songs included the name of the university (69%), 36 mentioned the founding spirit (33%), and 73 had details including the name and features of the landscape where the university was located(67%).・The words that appeared most often in the lyrics were "my", "our" (246 times)," Oh!" (84 times)," world" (75 times), and "alma mater" (61 times).・Many of the frequently appearing words were common to both the old system and expansion periods which extolled the spirit of young people studying to seek their ideals, bring honor to their alma mater, and make history.・Inspiration, and support for life and school life appeared to be characteristic of university songs in the expansion and Heisei periods with words like “dreams", "friends", and "flowers" appearing often. The trend grew even stronger in the latter period where I observed words like "tomorrow", "future", and "youth". The increasing in the ratio of university admission has changed the university culture and student temperament, and this is reflected in the characteristics of the school songs.

著者

浜垣 誠司 柴山 雅俊 石原 次郎 鈴木 健司 大島 丈志

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.126-89, 2022-03-16

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This report is a record of a symposium aimed at analyzing the imagination of Kenji Miyazawa’s work from a psychiatric perspective. Some of Miyazawa’s works are highly recordable and are interpreted as reflecting his realistic situation. This report takes the poem “Shukan”, and analyzes it from the perspective of “dissociation”, showing that it can be interpreted as “imaginary companion”.

著者

李 永寧

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.125-137, 1998-02-01

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Like Japanese,Chinese present their names surname first. In china married woman retaining their maiden name is a common practice, but in Japan the situation is a bit different. Japanese know less about Chinese naming practice than one might expext.

著者

稲垣 泰一

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.236-213, 2014-03-01

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This paper explores the Saigoku Junrei Daiengi. A simple description of background is accompanied by explanation of the detailes of reprint and revision. Main points are addressed first with an outline of bibliographical data and content. The discussion then probes the historical origins of the pilgrimage to Saigoku's Thirty-three Sacred Kannons and the various aspects of its narrative. Finally, the special chalacteristics of this narrative's transmission are discussed with a view to its status, establishment and background.

著者

稲垣 泰一

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.210-189, 2015-03-01

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This paper explores the origins of the manuscript entitled Saigoku Sanjusansho Yurai (33 temples featuring a statue of Avalokitesvara in western Japan) dating from the year 1864, the first year of the era of Genji in the final years of the Edo period. Along with a simple interpretation of the meaning of this volume, an introduction to the facsimile edition is added. Saigoku Sanjusansho detailes in one volume the how and why of the pilgrimage to the Thirty-three Holy Places of Kannon (the Goddess of Mercy) in western Japan. A synopsis thereof is provided in 20 pages where the special features of this work are considered. This was written and read by a religious association and is thought to have been referred to those who carried it with them during pilgrimages.

著者

任 利

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.135-153, 2015-03-01

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The purpose of this study is to reveal the existence of sexism hidden in the illustrative sentences in a modern Chinese dictionary. By analyzing the usage of male and female third personal pronouns appearing in the illustrative sentences, we found that a man and a woman tended to be depicted differently in stereotypical ways. Male third personal pronouns were used more frequently than female ones in the dictionary. Women were described negatively in the example sentences more often than men. In some examples, women were evaluated positively but only in a narrow range of criteria, such as in physical apprearance or personality.

著者

中村 修也

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = Language and Culture (ISSN:09147977)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.188-174, 2015-03-01

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Tokijiku-no-Kakunokonomi is defined as immortal fruits, which were brought from the land of the dead by Tajimamori. So it was Tachibana fruit in the Heian period. But they are only legend because Tokijiku-no-Kakunokonomi were trees around the emperor’s tomb. They symbolized eternal life because they are evergreen trees. Tajimamori is one of the clans that take care of the emperor’s tomb. This legend teaches us that evergreen trees were planted around the Japanese ancient tomb.