著者

伊藤 智明 福本 俊樹

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.23-40, 2021-07-10 (Released:2022-08-20)

参考文献数

28

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Engagement with an Entrepreneur and a ResearcherSecond-person Approach and Convivial Tools as Methods of Entrepre- neurial ResearchChiaki Ito and Toshiki FukumotoThe purpose of this paper is to explore qualitative methodology that enhances the viability and continuity of fieldwork that tracks entrepreneurs’ trial and error. Capturing the trials and errors of entrepreneurs requires second-person engagement with entrepreneurs and convivial tools. In this article, through examples of the author’s own fieldwork with an en- trepreneur and a researcher, we suggest that the knowledge creation system of manage- ment science can be used as convivial tools for forming and maintaining relationships.

著者

加護野 忠男

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.1-10, 2022-07-10 (Released:2023-08-25)

参考文献数

8

著者

沢井 実

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.33-37, 2022-07-10 (Released:2023-08-25)

著者

宮本 又郎

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.1-12, 2022-02-20 (Released:2023-03-10)

著者

吉村 典久

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.106-108, 2022-02-20 (Released:2023-03-10)

著者

松永 桂子

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.67-82, 2022-02-20 (Released:2023-03-10)

参考文献数

21

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This paper focuses on the transformations of post-industrial cities in response to industrial hollowing-out and population decline by analyzing initiatives that combine social inclusion efforts and small business support to resolve regional divisions and disparities. We explore several initiatives that have aimed to overcome region-specific social issues related to the process of post-industrial urban transformation. As an example, we consider the case of Turin, Italy, a city that experienced significant population and regional decline related to changes in its industrial structure. The transformation of Turin, once the corporate base of Fiat Automobiles, provides hints for facing challenges that arise from industrial hollowing-out. In this paper, we consider the nature of regional revitalization by examining community-level job creation projects, support for venture businesses, and the shift from industrial cities to those focused on tourism and social inclusion.

著者

加藤 俊彦

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.24-26, 2022-07-10 (Released:2023-08-25)

著者

山田 幸三

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.15-32, 2022-02-20 (Released:2023-03-10)

参考文献数

31

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COVID─19 has expanded from early 2020 rapidly and has dramatically revealed the negative aspects of accelerated globalization and pursuit of mobility. In the Age of Living with COVID─19, there will be increasing urgency to rebuild society in a decentralized form, to ensure the independence and resilience of regional cities and communities in Japan.This paper explores the role of family business in regional revitalization by focusing on the relationship between the characteristics of the socioemotional wealth of the family business and entrepreneurship.In order to create regional revitalization, innovation that creates economic and social value by taking advantage of regional characteristics is necessary. This and other elements of regional strength, such as tradition-based innovation and entrepreneurship, the curbing of excessive competition such as cutthroat competition, and a shift from quantitative growth to qualitative growth, are the antithesis of the various problems of modern society that must be reflected on. The key is the producers’ sense of belonging and attachment to the region: the region and their own survival are perceived as two sides of the same coin.This paper insists that the leading force behind regional revitalization is a family business that conducts business succession in the region over a long period of time, retains SEW, and has indigenousness and legitimacy. Family business is expected to play a role in contributing to the realization of a decentralized society as a driving force for an independent local economy.

著者

岡室 博之

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.33-41, 2022-02-20 (Released:2023-03-10)

参考文献数

15

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In Japan, business start-up activity has been stagnating since the early 1990s, so the government began providing start-up support in the second half of the 1990s. Start-up support was explicitly introduced in the amended “Basic Law of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)” in 1999 as a new and major goal of the SME policy. Additionally, the new “Basic Law” prescribes an appropriate sharing of SME policy resources between the central and prefecture or municipality governments considering regional and local circumstances. The national policy program for approving the “Start-up Support Business Plans” proposed by municipalities that began in early 2014 based on the “Law for the Strengthening of Industrial Competitiveness” integrated these two directions of the new “Basic Law” into a single policy for the first time. This policy also formed the basis for the “Regional Revitalization” policy that began in September 2014.This policy has a unique scheme characterized by multilevel collaboration between national and local governments, and local public-private partnerships. The national government encourages municipalities to draw up and submit their own business plans to support start-ups in collaboration with local supporters, including chambers of commerce and industry, and local banks. Upon approval, the national government subsidizes municipality governments, local supporters, and individual founders. By January 2016, 1,000 proposals were approved from among 1,740 municipalities in Japan.I empirically investigated the effects of this policy on local start-up ratios using municipality panel datasets. The estimation results for panel fixed-effects DID (difference-in-differences) models suggest that this new policy significantly increased the start-up ratios in municipalities with approved proposals compared to those without approved proposals, particularly the ratio of new corporations and subsidiaries of existing firms, as well as in municipalities that appeared unfavorable for start-ups.

著者

保田 隆明

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.43-50, 2022-02-20 (Released:2023-03-10)

参考文献数

8

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In recent years, there have been growing expectations for regional revitalization and development through reward-based crowdfunding and hometown tax donation (Furusato Nouzei; quasi crowdfunding by local municipalities), but as these markets expand, competition among projects nationwide is intensifying. Local companies and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) alone are finding it difficult to compete in this market, as they may not be able to appeal to the public if they try to complete their projects with local resources alone. Also, as traditional e-commerce players have recently entered the market, attracted by the expansion of these markets, those local players are required to have higher quality in their products. In the early days, reward-based crowdfunding and Furusato Nouzei were expected to secure sales channels for local companies and small and medium-sized enterprises, but as the market has expanded, the competitive landscape of the market may have changed. We need to re-assess the degree of contribution of reward-based crowdfunding and Furusato Nouzei to regional revitalization.

著者

田中 幹大

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.51-65, 2022-02-20 (Released:2023-03-10)

参考文献数

29

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This paper examines the prospects of industrial agglomeration in Osaka as a regional resource from a historical perspective. Industrial agglomeration has been seen as a source of high competitiveness for the Japanese manufacturing industry for years. However, the Japanese manufacturing industry and industrial agglomeration in Osaka have been in decline for about 30 years since the collapse of the bubble economy. Despite their decline, the manufacturing industry and industrial agglomeration are still important to Osaka’s regional economy.We therefore explored the prospects for industrial agglomeration in Osaka when manufacturing industries were emerging in developing countries (especially in China) and information technology/modularization was being deployed in product architecture.The first feature of industrial agglomeration in Osaka was the emergence of a diverse group of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to support the production of finished goods in the machinery industry during the period of high economic growth. The second feature was the segregation among the SMEs based on their skills in a particular field. The third was the formation of cooperative relationships between large companies and SMEs as well as among SMEs based on their skills, which led to process innovation and quality improvement in manufacturing. The development of these features was based on the unique experiences surrounding the development of manufacturing industries in Japan and Osaka during the period of rapid economic growth, and they are still in place today. They are needed even as China progresses and experiences industrial development. We believe that it is necessary to consider measures for economic revitalization that take advantage of these characteristics of industrial agglomeration in Osaka.

著者

福嶋 路 田路 則子 五十嵐 伸吾

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.83-95, 2022-02-20 (Released:2023-03-10)

参考文献数

18

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In this study, we investigated the process of spinoff network formation and specified the conditions that facilitated the process. We focused on the concurrent emergence of multiple spinoffs resulting from exogenous pressure and investigated their collaboration across two generations. The spinoffs from the Morioka factory of Alps Electric Co. Ltd. were selected as the research target. Our findings revealed that the factory created innovative products, had a unique culture, and a history of creating spinoffs. Since 1992, the first-generation of spinoffs had started emerging as the result of corporate restructuring and engaged in contract prototype manufacturing, designing, and processing. Following 2002, the second-generation of spinoffs appeared after the sudden shutdown of the Morioka factory. They engaged in new product development. In both generations, the spinoffs from the Morioka factory successfully formed a collaboration network to support each other in a variety of ways. These networks were based on mutual confidence in their abilities and skills. Support networks extended to the Morioka factory alumni. Although employees left Alps Electric to work at other companies, some of them gave preferential treatment to the spinoffs. We also found that regional players, such as former customers, suppliers, and partner companies of the Morioka factory, the local government, and Iwate University played important roles in the survival of the spinoffs. Without these supports, the survival and network formations of the spinoffs would have been more difficult.

著者

鹿住 倫世

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.100-102, 2022-02-20 (Released:2023-03-10)

著者

島本 実

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.103-105, 2022-02-20 (Released:2023-03-10)

著者

酒井 健

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.61-77, 2018-07-20 (Released:2021-08-25)

参考文献数

14

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This study clarified the R&D and diffusion process of the breakthrough stainless surgical needle developed by MANI Inc., a Japanese company engaged in the manufacture of high-quality, durable small medical instruments. In the 1960s, MANI developed the world’s first stainless surgical needle, driven by the timely decision-making of top management to invest its R&D against the norm, and their persistent efforts to solve technological problems related to raw material and the manufacturing process. Despite its superior quality and acceptable price compared with the traditional iron needle, the diffusion of the stainless surgical needle was slow until the end of the 1980s. This could be attributed to Japanese hospitals’ disinterest in management, traditional tenets about the nurse’s role, and the interests of the wholesalers. During the 1960s-1970s Japanese hospitals disregarded management due to high demand for medical care, and consequently, they were not concerned with the breakthrough of small products. In addition, Japanese nurses had accepted a traditionally subsidiary role to doctors, while the responsibility for iron needle quality control, a tedious task, was theirs. On the other hand, the wholesalers considered that the diffusion of stainless surgical needles would decrease their sales margins from surgical needles, given the durability of the stainless version. MANI tried to break the deadlock in the 1960s-70s by partnering with exceptional individuals who offered their support to the stainless surgical needle for specific reasons. In the 1980s, as Japanese hospitals became more interested in management, nurses became more empowered and questions were raised over their traditional role. Following these developments, the demand for stainless surgical needles increased dramatically in Japan. As a result of their sustained effort to maintain the stainless surgical needle business, MANI was poised to seize this opportunity and finally diffused stainless surgical needles into the market by 1990.

著者

神谷 宜泰

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究 (ISSN:24340316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.1-23, 2018-07-20 (Released:2021-08-25)

参考文献数

42

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The Issues around the Initiative of Introducing Technology by Organizational Newcomers : A Successor-led Innovation in SMEs in Manufacturing Industry by Yoshihiro Kamiya Business succession is one of the opportunities for innovation. A successor may take advantage of it for introducing new technologies and implanting them in his/her firm to renew its organization, processes, productions, and management. LPP (Legitimate Peripheral Participation) theory discusses the learning process of new technologies as a situated activity and the technological transfer as situational in organizations. This paper focuses on the initiatives of introducing technology by business successors as organizational newcomer to a community of practice, the field of situational learning. Those successorled initiatives bring three major changes in the communities of practice : generating contradiction in its members’ learning process, harming old-timers’ identities, and losing an embodied model of full participation. These changes might have impact on succession of existing technologies and organization.Exit of a predecessor and derived conflicts between the successor as a newcomer and old-timers might lead structural changes in the organization and require managing conflicts derived from those changes. The changes also may harm the opportunities for newcomers to learn the skill and tacit knowledge from old-timers. These conflicts and tensions will remain until the successor becomes a full participant and the organization is stabilized.This paper discusses that old-timers’ emotional resistance and organizational inertia disturb the initiatives of technology introduction by business successors. It suggests that “new comers learn from old-timers”, one of major concepts of LPP, should be reexamined. However, the emerged situation in successor-led companies in this research shows processes of generation and stabilization of communities of practice. The experience as a core element of developing skills tells “situated learning” in LLP still has its validity. Business successors are required both pursuing technological innovation and utilizing accumulated knowledge in organizations. The challenges for new comers are to develop new skills swiftly and to maintain previous skills and practice as long as possible.

著者

大島 朋剛

出版者

企業家研究フォーラム

雑誌

企業家研究

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.20-44, 2010-10