著者

木田 勇輔

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.105-119, 2014 (Released:2017-12-18)

参考文献数

24

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In this article, the author discusses intra-municipal decentralization in modern Japanese cities. Intramunicipal decentralization is an important policy issue in large cities such as Nagoya & Osaka because of the political style called populism that is characterized by the attacks on interest groups and the top-down decision making with reformist rhetoric. The author studies a case of Nagoya city in which mayor Kawamura has taken office since 2009. This article understands the intra-municipal decentralization in Nagoya as a process of reconsidering community representatives. The case study indicates two important points. First, through the argument about the intra-municipal decentralization in Nagoya, it revealed a cleavage between the mayor and other actors against the building of its community councils, such as the leaders of neighborhood associations and the members of the city council. There are two different logics which are based on two distinct interpretations of legitimacy of community representatives. Second, behind the political antagonism between the mayor and the city council, an important problem is overlooked that it is too difficult to maintain the cohesion of local communities in Nagoya. Citizens of Nagoya city don’t participate in community activities diligently. The author argues that the cohesion of local communities is indispensable to construct community representatives as the leaders of neighborhood selfgovernance. In conclusion, the author discusses (re)building of local communities in Japanese cities. In Nagoya, the citizens don’t respond to the top-down intra-municipal decentralization clearly. Though this case study indicates the difficulties of the neighborhood self-governance in Nagoya, the citizens need to address the issue of neighborhood self-governance by themselves.

著者

矢部 拓也

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.41-58, 2007-05-10 (Released:2021-05-07)

参考文献数

32

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This paper aims to clarify and to seek solutions to the problem of regional Japan where the population and the economies are shrinking. After the collapse of Japan’s bubble economy hit the finances of local governments, new leaders elnerged with the broad support of nonaligned voters in local politics. HASHIMOTO Daijiro, who became the Kochi governor, having beaten the candidate of established political parties in 1991, was first new leader. They were called “independent reform-minded governors” because they opposed the conventional growth policy dependent on allocations for public works projects and attempted to break away from the 1955 regime dominated by the Liberal Democratic Party. Under the 1955 regime the Japanese government tried to reduce the economic gap between urban and rural areas by concentrating public investment in the rural areas and local governments targeted economic affluence though the public work projects that linked government subsides. This regime deeply relied on constant econolnic growth, especially on the growth of urban areas but the regime collapsed after the bubble economy. Then, how can the regional society be sustained without the fiscal support of Japanese government? This paper will explore the possibilities of the regions to survive in the time of shrinking society by analyzing the policies of TANAKA Yasuo who was the Nagano Prefectural Governor from 2000 to 2006. Although he could not realize these new policies and he was finally defeated in the election, his slogans such as “No Dam Proclamation”, “Post-Materialism” and “Commons” introduced the new values of the shrinking society. One of his unique achievements was to try to avoid the gap between urban and rural societies. This is the reason why Tanaka was supported by people in the urban as well as the rural areas. It contrasted with other independent reform-minded governors who enjoyed more support in the urban areas than rural areas. Tanaka’s policies consisted of two points. Firstly, he promoted agriculture and tourism to reactivate agricultural villages by commodifying agricultural villages. Secondly, he attempted to bridge different interest groups and create “Commons” by dissolving traditional communities and providing a system of citizens' participation.

著者

岩崎 信彦

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.45-60, 2016 (Released:2017-05-15)

参考文献数

25

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Twenty years have passed since Hanshin-Awaji Great Earthquake occurred. The results of the restoration projects from the damages are clarified by NHK research conducted in 2014. The author considers the new conception “disaster capitalism” proposed by Nomi Klein’s Shock Doctrine in 2007 is very important. Kobe city government had promoted City Management strategy before and after the Earthquake and it was truly “disaster capitalism”. It brought many scars of the damages and the inadequacy of the restoration through the capitalistic management activities. The Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction was held in Sendai in 2015 and the conceptions “disaster risk reduction” and “risk management” have been accentuated . The conception of risk management is based on three factors such as severity of damages, probability of disaster occurrence and cost-and-benefit. Therefore it cannot directly respond to the actual danger of disasters because of the mediational ideas of probability and cost-and-benefit. It also propels government centralization and impedes independent activities of habitants for disaster prevention. Risk society produces many ideological words and assertions such as “public finance should not be applied to individual compensation”, “nuclear power plants are truly safe”, “self-responsibility” and “resilience”. When we refer to Kanto Great Earthquake we find it was followed by tragic wars. The author is afraid that the legislation of military security has been now rapidly promoted by central government after Great East Japan Earthquake.

著者

中島 みゆき

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.121-135, 2020-05-25 (Released:2021-11-26)

参考文献数

17

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“Maintaining community” sentiments is said to be essential for communities in the recovery process from large-scale disasters. However, it is never clear just what this “community” can be and how it should be maintained. The community itself becomes divided through displacement and relocation. As livelihood and structure are upended, people become disconnected from their local environment, and symbols representing their local identity (such as festivals) are lost. They are faced with new circumstances in which they have to seek new connections in an entirely different space. This case study is based on research related to the displacement of communities due to mass emigration in the Okawa Area of Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture, following the devastating tsunami, caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. This projected started in 2016 with the interviews of residents while they were creating miniature models of their communities, and formed the data for the analysis. In the Okawa area, four villages (approximately 400 households) relocated toward the inland, about 15 km from where they used to live. Prior to the disaster, each community contained a cooperative association for jointly managing festivals and was also in charge of the surrounding forest areas. However, such activities ceased following the difficulties faced by community members as they remain confined to their temporary housing setups. Okawa Elementary School lost 84 children and teachers in the disaster. Some residents wanted to demolish the school building itself to erase the memory of the disaster, while others wanted to preserve it, indicative of a conflict of interests amongst residents. Under these circumstances, residents were made to participate in five week-long workshops, alongside members of the “Lost Homes Project,” as an attempt to preserve memories of the community by creating miniature models. With an organization of fishermen at its center, the project was run by a group of four university labs, gathering participants across several villages and from different walks of life. Three recurring themes were noticed when residents created narratives using miniatures: natural landscape (the ocean and rivers, and related activities), facets of society (schools buildings, etc.), and lifestyle (daily life, festivals). Community members’ relationship with nature, with each other, and with local organizations were understood through these narratives. As cultural symbols, conventions, and local property had become difficult to maintain due to mass displacement, they strove to preserve their “sense of community” by sharing memories about their communities, while also building new interpersonal connections.

著者

麦倉 哲

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.125-126, 2016 (Released:2017-05-15)

著者

渡邊 隼

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.81-96, 2018 (Released:2019-05-13)

参考文献数

33

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The purpose of this research is to analyze how employees and their families who lived in company housing of Dai-ichi Mutual Life Insurance Company lived in two “communities”—that is, “the community firm” and the “local community”. In 1963, the Dai-ichi Mutual Life Insurance Company moved its headquarters to a rural area in Ōi-machi, Kanagawa Prefecture. The relocation of the company's Ōi head office (1963–2011) to a rural area was an experimental attempt against the backdrop of social problems, such as overcrowding, in central Tokyo. In this study, I explored historical documents related to the Ōi headquarters office and company housing; additionally, I conducted a survey (inteview format) with employees and their families who lived in Ōi-machi at the time. As a result of the analysis, the findings of this study reveal the following. First, there were many voices in support of company life, such as the high quality of Ōi-machi's natural environment and the ease of childrearing. Second, wives who were raising children below primary school age had certain relationships with local residents in Ōi-machi through schools and housework. However, their husbands who worked for the Ōi head office tended not to have any such relationships. Third, “the community firm” and the “local community” were very different, indicating that the connection between these two communities was not too strong.

著者

松山 礼華

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.93-107, 2016

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The objective of this paper is to clarify the particular organizational structure that enables youth participation in a local community through a case study of a volunteer group called Street Breakers whose work in Kashiwa-shi has resulted in young people joining activities to vitalise the city centre.In recent years, multiple surveys have shown an increasing tendency among youth to remain in their home communities and it has been pointed out that this arises due to the importance that youth place upon close friendships with their peers.From these findings, I point out a difficulty of the present situation. Even though the regional sociology indicates the importance of fostering "publicity" and "purposeful cooperation" in the local community, it remains difficult for young people to participate.Based on observations on participation, it was confirmed that Street Breakers' organizational structure consists of two different principal models: a hierarchical, and a network model which are fused together in a way that enables youth to participate in local activities.The former is a top-down tree structure in which resources and power of authority are concentrated and given to the senior level of the organization who then set the aims of activities and encourage people's heteronomous participation. The network model is a horizontal organizational structure which consists of participants who share a common purpose and values. They make a commitment to the organization independently and self-sustainingly.Street Breakers creates rich dynamics in the network model of organization. However, it is supported by the hierarchical model when the principle of purposeful cooperation became unstable and delayed. In this way, youth can maintain their purposeful cooperation and be linked to various area resources although they needn't devote themselves to intimacy with their peers.

著者

山之内 靖

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.6-25, 2006-05-14 (Released:2021-05-07)

著者

友澤 悠季

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.29-44, 2016 (Released:2017-05-15)

参考文献数

21

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the postwar history of Rikuzentakata’s coastal area from a diachronic viewpoint. After Japan’s high economic growth period, many local governments have had great difficulty in sustaining the capabilities of regional communities and their social order. The Japanese government has offered a Comprehensive National Land Development Plan and has forced local governments to try to achieve large-scale development and the attraction of industry. Moreover, the Rikuzentakata government formed a plan for regional development including reclamation of the Hirota Bay coastal area in 1970, but Hirota Bay fishermen and the residents of coastal Rikuzentakata opposed the plan. The result of the opposition movement was that the plan was put on hold and discussed for a long time. At first, the people’s motivation in carrying out the opposition movement was to stop environmental pollution, but more fundamentally, they hoped to debate and give serious consideration to their own future through their own autonomous capabilities. They started to discuss how to develop the Rikuzentakata area with their own hands. Residents tried to maximize the value of their natural advantages, local foods and products, and organized events to attract visitors. By the early 2000s, the number of visitors was increasing little by little. On March 11, 2011, the earthquake and tsunami brought enormous damage to Rikuzentakata. Five years have passed since then, and people have struggled step by step to rebuild their lives. They have resumed the traditional festival, opened makeshift stores and have tried to create a new community. On the other hand, the Japanese government has carried out the reconstruction policy through the use of a huge budget. Recently, several questions about the revitalization project have surfaced among the people because their hometown is set to change too rapidly. There may be the feeling that there is neither place nor time to discuss multiple ideas that differ from the national policy.

著者

西城戸 誠

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.117-118, 2018

著者

町村 敬志

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.23-40, 2007-05-10 (Released:2021-05-07)

参考文献数

31

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Currently Japan is entering into the era of “shrinking society” after the long postwar economic development. It is still unclear how and to what extent such a turn will bring about changes in local society, but the concept of “shrinking” certainly stands at the center of current political debates, and begins to mobilize a variety of related actors by arousing a feeling of coming crisis. This article considers functions and mechanisms of “scale” narratives, such as shrinking, and, to do so, takes “overpopulation” problem in the 1950s as a symbolic and illustrative example. About a half century ago, this reverse view to the land once prevailed over the country in Japan. Losing vast territory in overseas colonies after the defeat of the World War II, Japan was obliged to manage more dense population on narrower land of archipelagos. Therefore Japanese Government emphasized overpopulation as an acute problem to be tackled, and tried to start development-oriented policies at a national level. And this must be accompanied with participation of ordinary citizens at a local level, so various cultural and educational settings for local mobilization were established, particularly by using the concept of overpopulation as a scale narrative. This article investigates these processes and consequences, focusing on two examples; one is Industrial Development Youth Corps, the other is an attempt of development education in Hokkaido University. At last, a historical transition from overpopulation to shrinking society in postwar Japan is summarized and discussed.

著者

築山 秀夫

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.11-27, 2016 (Released:2017-05-15)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

3

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In this paper, first of all, I’ll consider the trends of regional policies ( Comprehensive National Development Plans ) in Japan, from a viewpoint of GD2050 announced in July, 2014. For this purpose, I place GD2050 among the trends of the past National Spatial Development in Japan and reconsider its continuity and shift. Until GD2050 was introduced, a principle of well-balanced national development had been maintained. The most important difference between the previous Comprehensive National Development Plan and GD2050 is that GD2050 introduces the regional distribution with differential basis rather than well-balanced regional development. GD2050 gives a shock by predicting the two challenges facing Japan, namely, an unprecedented population decrease and natural disasters. In order to deal with them, it indicates as the prerequisite “selection and concentration,” “Compact and Networks”, “Building National Resilience.” This is, as it were, a Shock Doctrine by which the government introduces market fundamentalism, taking advantage of disastrous situations. As an example of the cases that national regional policy like GD2050 influences the local community, I analyze Ooka-mura, which is in a mountainous area, merged into Nagano-shi in 2005. This area is a typical place which is not selected in GD2050. While intensive investment is carried out for some compact cities, management efficiency and marketization are pessured on other areas like Ooka-mura in order to secure financial resources for regional policy like GD2050. This kind of marketization of commons is an example of those pressures which breaks up cohesion of village communities.

著者

山下 祐介

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.13-26, 2015 (Released:2017-07-03)

参考文献数

26

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There is not a prospect for recovery from Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident when we see the 4th year. On the contrary the restoration policy disturbs a recovery of disaster-stricken area. The government has to reconstruct the policy as quickly as possible. In this article we exhibit many contradictions of the restoration policy of the government for areas stricken by tsunami disaster and nuclear accident, and indicate the 3rd way as an improved policy. We discuss why these many contradictions occurs, and present a great earthquake panic and two paternalism of prevention and recovery of/from damage by disaster as the causes of policy contradiction.

著者

湯上 千春

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.171-175, 2013 (Released:2018-05-14)

著者

金 香男

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.152-166, 2003-10-05 (Released:2021-05-07)

参考文献数

21

著者

辻

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.167-187, 2007-05-12 (Released:2021-05-07)

参考文献数

15

著者

新藤 慶

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.91-108, 2005-05-14 (Released:2021-05-07)

参考文献数

25

著者

浅野 慎一

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.45-60, 2015 (Released:2017-07-03)

参考文献数

64

被引用文献数

4

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From 2012 to 2014, Japan Association of Regional and Community Studies(JARCS) has discussed its common issue, “Region and Community of post-Great East Japan Earthquake”. The purpose of this paper is to raise a new common issue based on the discussions in JARCS. The most important feature of “post- Great East Japan Earthquake” is shown in Japanese government’s adoption of a policy on “selection and concentration” basis. This indicated that the government declared the creation of peripheral regions and abandoned people within the national land. Here we can see the end of developmentalism in post-colonial East Asia, and how it appeared specifically in Japan. On this historical phase, the Japanese government and capitals introduced a regional remodeling plan, namely “Grand Design 2050”, or the Comprehensive National Development Plan. Various forms of self-directive practices, however, have been emerging in “regions and communities as living-spheres”, where the residents independently develop their own lives, opposing to the government’s plan. This paper, therefore, proposes a new common issue for JARCS : “Grand Design 2050 and Living-Spheres of Local Residents”.

著者

中澤 秀雄 大國 充彦

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.126-143, 2005-05-14 (Released:2021-05-07)

参考文献数

16

著者

渡戸 一郎

出版者

地域社会学会

雑誌

地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.75-76, 2019-05-11 (Released:2020-10-08)