著者
伊野 義博 黒田 清子 ペマ ウォンチュク
出版者
新潟大学教育学部
雑誌
新潟大学教育学部研究紀要 人文・社会科学編 = 新潟大学教育学部研究紀要 人文・社会科学編 (ISSN:18833837)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.1, pp.69-90, 2018-10

This paper is a report of field survey on Bhutanese folk music in 2017. We have reported the details of tsangmo, the playful singing dialogues from the research of Paro, Punakha, Trongsa (Ino 2012, Ino et al. 2014a, 2014b). In Melak village in Trashigang, we found and reported a khapsho similar to tsangmo (Ino et al. 2015a). From these surveys, tsangmo was originally playing when children grazed livestock, but turned out to have disappeared with the spread of school education. On the other hand, We also learned that tsangmo's practice is being done in new forms such as school events and radio programs. So we reported about tsangmo's practice at school and media. At the same time, we held an international symposium on the succession of folk music culture (Ino et al. 2016a, Ino et al. 2017). Based on these surveys, from September 21 to 27, 2017, we conducted field research in Thimphu and Dagana. The research method is an semi-structured interview. As a result, we were able to add some new facts. 1. We interviewed Tsheten Dorji, who was born in Tibet and became a king's musician on his history of music activities. In the past trade was actively done between Tibet and Bhutan. It was an opportunity to know each other's songs. Tibetan songs were brought to Bhutan, and now it became boedra, one of the genres of Bhutanese songs. boedra, which was brought to Bhutan by Tibetan traders and beggars, is said to have spread all over Bhutan in the Third King's era. In addition, Tsheten Dorji thinks that the song he made since he came to Bhutan should be called drukdra instead of boedra. This problem is extremely important when considering Bhutanese music. From his story we learned Tibet had a song lugar similar to tsangmo. The similarity is that the lyrics are six syllable four-line poetry, melody, improvising to make lyrics, dialogue play. Also, we have learned that there is a song called Go Mo playing riddles. This song is a bet, winning or losing, the winner taking items. From this survey, we expanded the possibility of research on the relationship between play, divination, gaming and singing.2. We interviewed about how to play tsangmo in the Tseza village in Dagana. At this time, the villagers sang tsangmo for the first time in 40 years. The villagers disputed long hours about how to play and interpret lyrics. We was able to grasp the situation where the tsangmo tradition is disappearing. As in other areas, it was divided into two groups, put items, singing while pointing to items with a cane, playing fortune telling about the item (owner) hit at the end of the song. In Tseza village, men and women who became 11 years old played in tsangmo and married when they were 14 and 15 years old. Because tsangmo is accurate fortune telling, the villagers are now married, there were families and children, they could not do the same as when they were children. We understood the strength of elements as tsangmo's fortune telling. In Tseza village, we learned about daga ra mey lazhu as Dagana's old song. This song is a sad song of a woman who was taken from the village of Dagana and left in the mountain. This song is currently in a situation where parts are only sung and not all are handed down. 3. We interviewed Sonam Choden who is only one singer of Dagana's old song sham sha doley. This song sang the Zhabs Drung's cane who came to Dagana. This song is singing the process until the cane grows into trees, which is a very long and difficult contents. Londa, an opportunity for sham sha doley to sing, is an archery tournament in the village, praying for village safety once a year. Sonam Choden also forgot about tsangmo until we interviewed. When she was a child tsangmo was a game where several people gambled items. However, she remembers that her grandparents and parents used fortune telling and competition in tsangmo. We grasp the situation that tsangmo disappeared through generations. In addition to boedra and tsangmo, old songs such as daga ra mey lazhu and sham sha doley, the treasure-like culture that has made the way of life and thinking of Bhutan people has disappeared.
著者
藤林 紀枝 山上 遥那 高橋 洋子 髙清水 康博 齋藤 暁史 Fujibayashi Norie Yamakami Haruna Takahashi Yoko Takashimizu Yasuhiro Saitoh Akifumi
出版者
新潟大学教育学部
雑誌
新潟大学教育学部研究紀要 自然科学編
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.2, pp.113-123, 2019-03

月の高度簡易測定器「ツクヨミ」を作成し,方位磁石とともに用いて月の形と移動経路を測定する実習を実施した.小・中学校の学習内容である「月の満ち欠け」,「地球から見た月の動き」,「月と太陽と地球の位置関係」,および「月の運動(公転)と見え方」は,小学校理科の学習項目の中で「教える自信」のない項目の1つである.本研究では,教育学部理科教育専修の2年次学生の授業で,月の高度簡易測定器「ツクヨミ」を新たに作成し,それを用いて1ヶ月間のうち6日の月の観測をさせた.そのデータを基に,月と太陽と地球の位置関係と月の運動(公転)について図示させたところ,系統的に高めの数値を記録した者が数名あったが,測定者ごとの月の移動経路はほぼ弧を描き,有益な結果を得ることができた.授業では他に,ボールとライトを用いた月の満ち欠け実験と,月齢カレンダーを用いた月の形と月の出・入時刻の規則性の調べ等を行った.その結果,授業前は位置関係と地球から見た月の形と出入り時刻の相関性が分かっていた学生が18.2%だったのに対し,授業後は理解度が大きく上昇し81.8%となった.記述からは,月と太陽と地球の位置関係の理解において,視点の転換だけでなく,地球の自転による時刻の変化と,北から俯瞰した時の(観察者にとっての)方角の概念が欠けやすいことが明らかになった.そして,特に中学生以降の観察や観測の機会の少なさが,理解度を減少させる原因の1つとなっている可能性が指摘される.「ツクヨミ」のような簡易測定器を用いて月の位置を数値化し,科学的思考に発展させることが今後重要となるであろう.
著者
伊賀 光屋 Iga Mitsuya
出版者
新潟大学教育学部
雑誌
新潟大学教育学部研究紀要. 人文・社会科学編 (ISSN:18833837)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.2, pp.169-192, 2014

本稿は主にJ.A. Smith et al.,(2009)に依拠して,IPAを概説しそれに基づいてIPAの問題点を論ずる。IPAは一人称の経験談を三人称の視点から分析する,現象学,解釈学,そして個性記述学から影響を受けた心理学的方法論である。IPAには様々な批判がなされているが,本稿ではその最大の問題点は二重の解釈といいながら,一人称+三人称の方法論に二人称の方法論が紛れ込んでいる点にあることを論じている。
著者
山口 勇気 矢澤 ひろみ 岩西 哲 工藤 起来 Yamaguchi Yuki Yazawa Hiromi Iwanishi Satoru Kudo Kazuyuki
出版者
新潟大学教育学部
雑誌
新潟大学教育学部研究紀要 自然科学編 (ISSN:18833845)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, no.1, pp.41-46, 2010

野外で採集したトゲズネハリアリの巣を飼育下で営巣させるための技術的な問題について検討した.石膏をプラスチックケースに敷き,ガラス板を置き,その下に育室を作成してトゲズネハリアリを飼育した.飼育を開始すると,ワーカーがケースの縁から石膏を掘り,石膏とケースの間で圧死したため,ワーカーが掘ることができない石膏の硬さを明らかにした.ガラス板下の育室の深さについて検討したところ,ワーカーは1mm程度の浅い育室を好んで幼虫を運び込み,定着した.明暗の異なる2つの育室のある飼育ケースで飼育したところ,すべての飼育ケースにおいてワーカーは暗い育室に幼虫を運んだ.野外のトゲズネハリアリが朽ち木の表皮近くの非常に狭い空間に営巣し,堅い朽木を大顎で削って巣を拡張するという生態学的特徴があるため,トゲズネハリアリを飼育するためには"堅い石膏"上に浅い育室を作成し,暗下で飼育する必要があることが判った.餌として,ゴミムシダマシの幼虫やバッタ目昆虫の脚,昆虫ゼリー,蜂蜜を与えたが,ワーカーはこれらをほとんど採餌しなかった.一方,ワーカーはキンバエの幼虫を好んで摂食した.トゲズネハリアリの生態や社会構造についてはほとんど分かっていないが,本研究により飼育条件が確立したため,今後本種における知見が蓄積できると期待される.