著者

浅野 健一

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, pp.203-204, 2020-01-31 (Released:2020-06-17)

著者

佐藤 信吾

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, pp.181-199, 2022-01-31 (Released:2022-03-29)

参考文献数

38

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This paper clarifies the interaction between journalism and social authorities through commemoration to construct the war memory, focusing on the “memorial visit” conducted by Heisei Tennō and the social remembrance of the Battle of Manila. Heisei Tennō visited the Philippines in January 2016 as a final overseas destination in his lifelong journey to console the spirits of war victims.In conventional journalism theory, social authorities are perceived as powers enforcing the dominant memory frameworks through commemoration, while “forgotten” memories are invisible. Journalism stands on the same side as social authority and either reinforces these frameworks or opposes the authority’s stance and criticizes them. During the “memorial visit,” however, Heisei Tennō attempted to unearth the “forgotten” memory (the Battle of Manila), and his trip triggered a debate about Asian-Pacific war memory in Japanese society. Journalists also noticed the importance of this memory and reported it on a much larger extent than before. This situation shows that social authorities and journalism can interact with each other, and these interactions can excavate “forgotten” memories. In this paper, I analyze articles from the Asahi Shimbun, Yomiuri Shimbun, Nikkei Shimbun, and Manila Shimbun (local newspaper in Manila), and clarify the structure in which Japanese journalism became aware of the memory of the Battle of Manila through reports on the “memorial visit.” It becomes clear that the three Japanese newspapers had hardly reported on the Battle of Manila before the “memorial visit.” Moreover, the number of reports increased dramatically during the journey. In addition, I discuss the difficulty of the continuous recall of memories led by a one-time event (“memorial visit”) from the viewpoint of journalism routine theory (news value theory and August journalism in Japan).

著者

小林 聡明

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, pp.129-147, 2009-07-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

47

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The U.S. returned Okinawa/Ryukyu to Japan in 1972 after 27 years of occupation. The Agreement between Japan and the U.S. Concerning the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands determined the relocation of the Voice of America's transmitters in Okinawa. However the relocation process has still not been cleared. Moreover, there is a secret agreement on the VOA's relocation costs. This paper clarifies the negotiations between Republic of Korea and the U.S. on the transmitters' relocation by analyzing the declassified documents in ROK Diplomatic Archives. It not only sheds light on the hidden history of VOA but also explores the significance of VOA in East Asia during the Cold War.

著者

桶田 敦

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, pp.3-12, 2019-01-31 (Released:2019-06-06)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1

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A symposium was held on June 23, 2018, entitled “What is Public OpinionSurvey Discussion on the Reliability of Public Opinion at a Crossroads” atthe Spring Research Presentation of the Japan Society for Studies in Journalismand Mass Communication. In public opinion polls, it is natural that reliability and validity are requiredtogether with its immediacy. However, although the trial and error is being carriedout at each research institution about the methodology of such cellularphone RDD (Random Digit Dialing) survey, researchers and practitioners ofrelated positions will meet together to discuss its reliability and validity. Therefore,it is the purpose of this symposium to overview the present situation ofpublic opinion surveys, to discuss its reliability and consider its validity, and toconfirm the concept of “public opinion survey in the present age” at the sametime. Discussions were held at this symposium by three public opinion surveypractitioners and two researchers. The point of discussion is the current stateof public opinion survey in the mass media; in particular the basic concepts ofRDD fixed telephone survey and the problems of RDD phone survey to landlinesand mobile phones. The issues were then collated. In addition, there was areport on conditions for the creation of alternative methods and investigationmethods conforming to the conditions for post-RDD fixed telephone surveys. In response to these reports, important points were identified, stating thatit is necessary to clearly distinguish between surveys and polls and to handlepolls appropriately.

著者

大石 裕

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, pp.17-34, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-09-26)

参考文献数

31

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The masses have been perceived in a negative light in contrast to the public.In addition, the mass audience has been regarded as subjects who are easilymanipulated by media and political elites. Still, the elimination of the massesmay jeopardize democracy itself. This fear as held by the author derives fromthe fact that the masses and media in advanced societies have shaped populardemocracy as the correct form of democracy. This article re-examines masscommunication in terms of popular democracy and national democracy.

著者

メディア史研究部会

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, pp.49-61, 2022-01-31 (Released:2022-03-29)

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The term “media history” itself was coined in the 1970s, but the field of media studies was established in the 1990’s in Japan. The studies of media history have encompassed individual studies of different media, with the historical study of newspapers and television at its core. Much media history research has emerged in last 30 years most of which concentrating on the war and occupation periods between 1931 and 1951. Particularly remarkable was the development of research on Taiwan and Korea, under the Japanese Empire, as well as on Japanese occupied territories and China.In the study of newspaper history, the social transition of journalists as a group was discussed anew. The historical studies of magazines and publishing has seen the development in the area of readership and magazine genres. Research on news agencies has been carried out over a long period from 19th to the 21st century. As for radio broadcasting, research newly developed the histories of broadcasting in Asia and in the Arab world. In the study of the history of television, a study has appeared on the issue of war and memory in television. In the field of photography and film, a wide variety of research results have been achieved, including the international history of film exchange, research on cinemas and the film industry, and the archiving of documentary films. In the history of advertising, progress was made in the collection of oral histories and in the archiving of advertising material. Media studies of Japanese immigrants have developed mainly on North American newspapers. The historical study of public relations diplomacy and propaganda also took a new turn with studies of the US, China, Japan and Germany. Cross-media studies include those on media reception in local communities and those on narratives of war. Last but not least important is a meta-study that re-examines the history of media history research itself.

著者

松山 秀明

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, pp.35-48, 2022-01-31 (Released:2022-03-29)

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This paper investigates the history of broadcasting studies in Japan and suggests possibilities for future research. Nearly 100 years have passed since the commencement of broadcasting in Japan. A wide variety of studies about Japanese broadcasting have been conducted. In the 1920s through the 1930s, early radio studies focused on analyzing the characteristics of radio as new medium. However, in the late 1930s through the 1940s, radio studies in Japan changed the opinions that radio was the weapon of state control during the war. After the Second World War, academic institutions were established in Japan, such as the Institute of Journalism and Communication Studies at The University of Tokyo (1949-1992) and the NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute (1946 onward). These academic institutions created demonstrative research of television and present a new scheme for critical research called “Broadcast Studies”. However, in the 1970s through the 1980s, Japanese broadcasting studies were gradually stagnant because of the bloated broadcasting industries. After the 1990s, Japanese television studies tries to build a new scheme, depending on the theory from overseas such as Cultural Studies and Semiotics. “Archive research” that gain momentum in the 2000s through the 2010s has become the darling of Japanese research on television broadcasts. In other words, an “age of verification” where a number of researchers use radio and television programs as materials for argumentation has started. Nowadays the television viewing is decreasing among young people, on the other hand the viewing images on the Internet such as YouTube and Netflix is more and more increasing. Future broadcasting studies in Japan have to focus on changing a concept of “broadcasting” on the internet age.

著者

山腰 修三

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, pp.3-12, 2022-01-31 (Released:2022-03-29)

参考文献数

27

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The purpose of this paper is to review the development of theoretical research in The Japan Society for Studies in Journalism and Mass Communication. Theoretical studies of mass communication in Japan began after World War II. In the course of theoretical interventions into the political and social situation of the time, mass communication theory in Japan relied heavily on mass society theory. This made it possible to articulate media effects theory and journalism theory into mass communication theory. In this articulating process, “the social” and “the political” have played the role of the nodal points. These nodal points connected mass communication theory with not only journalism and media effects studies, but also information society theory and cultural studies.As media studies have developed, the situation has changed. Media studies has developed under the influence of theoretical fields that are different from traditional mass communication studies. In this paper, we call these theories of media studies as “media theory.” Mass communication theory has been unable to include or articulate with media theory. And media theory in Japan have excluded theories of mass communication studies such as journalism. As a consequence, theories of media and communication studies in Japan are fragmented, and the age of post-theory is about to arrive.In order to solve this crisis, we need to reevaluate a theoretical significance of “the social” and “the political” as nodal points.

著者

丸山 重威

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.283-284, 2010-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)