著者

枝川 明敬

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.355-370, 2016 (Released:2017-06-07)

参考文献数

25

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The reconstruction of local communities, including how to deal with problems of depopulation, has always been a major political issue in Japan. In order to tackle this issue, the government embarked on a “regional revitalization” project. The “Grand Design of National Spatial Development towards 2050,” the core of Japan’s national planning efforts, and the cultural strategy “Plan for the Revival of an Energetic Japan through Culture and Art” make it necessary to “foster an attachment toward the local community and make the best of the lifestyle and culture of the community, which are supported by tradition and creativity.” Amid globalization in various areas and for regional revitalization and reconstruction, regional cultural activities can improve the creativity and energy of local communities and such regional cultural activities can become the source of regional revitalization. I have studied folk cultural properties that have taken root in local communities almost every year since 2010, and previously discussed the situations of their conservation and extinction. During this process, I examined spontaneous development, in which folk cultural assets lead to regional identity and industrial and cultural resources unique to each region lead to citizen-driven development of local communities. This research is an extension of these surveys, and involves a nationwide sampling survey of high quality amateur and professional activities that have been subsidized by the Agency for Cultural Affairs and arts/culture development funds, carried out in 2014. The 190 amateur activities and 216 professional activities were compared in relation to migration and financial situations of local governments. As a result, I revealed that local governments that face depopulation or financial difficulties promote cultural activities more avidly. In 23 prefectures, which account for two thirds of the prefectures with a population of approximately 3 million, local cultural activities were initiated by the prefectural government. However, the national government’s new subsidy through the “Communities, Sages & Jobs” policy, started from fiscal year 2016 to revitalize local communities, is expected to be ill-fitting for the actual conditions of the communities and not become a subsidy for cultural activities, because subsidies are small and include evaluation taxes that are unsuitable for cultural activities.JEL Classification:H54, R51, R53, Z11

著者

林田 清明

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.205-206, 1998

著者

茅 国平 宮田 譲

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.65-75, 1997-12-30 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

18

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Recent development in information technology motivates the study of its effects on the economy. In this paper we study the contribution of information capital intensity to productivity growth by using an extended productivity function. Shanghai city in China is taken as a case of developing region and compared with the case of Japan which is a well information-oriented country. We find that the contributions of information capital to productivity growth are 11% and 30%, respectively, for Shanghai and Japan. Intensification of information capital has a very strong force toward productivity growth. Therefore for a developing area like Shanghai, it is important to refer to Japan's experience and to pay attention to intensification of information capital for advancing the productivity.

著者

金 裕赫

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.227-240, 1987-11-30 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

10

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1. TAEKRIGI is atopology written by Lee Jungwhan (李重煥) about 230 years ago. His topology is quite different from those of the traditional popology based on the national view of the topography. In short, the content of his book is based on a rather reasonable theoretical system and scientific approach. Especially his book draws our attention with its theoretical model is much employed at presest.2. The reason of comparing the geographical characteristics of NAGAI City in the province of YAMAGADA, with the model presented in TAEKRIGI is that the topography of NAGAI area is very similar to that described in TAEKRIGI even though the latter is very difficult to be found in a real situation. In other words, the colors of the land, the water courses, and the natural landscape seen early in the morning in TAEKRIGI, all correspend to those of NAGAI area.3. The natural conditions described in the book have no defects in promoting the environmental pleasantness even though someone may doubt whether such conditions can provide us an ideal environment for our life.4. Some prejudice such as the old theories are worn-out merely because they are in the old classic cooks should be eliminated. As man has his history, so an area has its local topography. If both of them are defined on the basis of human wisdom, it is better that the fefinition should have a longer time-bond, for many of the indirect experiences can be incorporated in it.5. From the above point of view, the writer, with the help of the theory modelled in TAEKRIGI would like to present the following five suggestions for the future development of NAGAI City.a. Proper measurement the basis for the continuous development of the local traditional culture in order to enhance the pride of the citizens.b. Expansion of the basis for the development of the nonpollution industry.c. Local promotion based on the practical employment of the natural conditions.d. Proper measurement for the establishment plan of the local colleges to increase the qualified personnel in the local area.e. Presentation of an index for the development through the cooperation among the citizens.

著者

保永 展利

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.131-146, 2016 (Released:2016-09-02)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

2

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A direct payment policy aimed for the conservation of farmlands in hilly and mountainous areas has been implemented since 2000 in Japan. Community agreements entered into under the policy that encourage farmland conservation have faced various issues such as aging and decreasing number of farmers. Improvement of community agreements to meet policy goals is needed.In this study, we examined the regional factors affecting the propensity toward collective conservation of farmlands in community agreements in hilly and mountainous areas.Using data taken from community agreements entered under a direct payment policy in hilly and mountainous areas in Shimane Prefecture and data taken from the Census of Agriculture and Forestry, we quantitatively investigated the hypothesis that the propensity toward collective conservation of farmlands and agriculture in community agreements depends on regional management and geographical factors.Four main findings were obtained. First, the promotion of collective conservation was affected by regional management factors such as the participation of non-farmers, allocation of subsidies, sharing of agricultural machines, and regional size of the community agreements. In addition, geographical factors such as the number of farm household members and area of farm management contributed to this promotion. Second, self-improvement of the agricultural infrastructure was affected by the allocation of subsidies and geographical factors such as the slope angle of farmlands, enclave, and size of farm management. Third, the promotion of value-added agriculture was affected by the participation of corporations with integration of agreements into a single agreement and geographical factors such as location and rate of engagement of farmers practicing conservation friendly agriculture. Fourth, the promotion of agricultural product processing was affected by integrating agreements into a single agreement, participation of non-farmers, allocation of subsidies, sharing of agricultural machines, and regional size of the community agreement.These findings indicate it is important to consider community management systems based on social and geographical conditions in hilly and mountainous areas. JEL Classification: Q18, Q24, Q28

著者

岡部 篤行

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.139-158, 1977-12-20 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

3

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This paper reexamines Simon's model which formulates the stochastic processes yielding the Yule city size distribution. First, in conjunction with the empirical fact that the form of city size distributions is stable over time, the concept of the “steady state” stated by Simon is clarified. Second, Simon's assumptions and the “steady state” are shown to be contradictory. Third, however, it is shown that this contradiction is disolved in the context of the “asymptotic steady state”. Based on these reconsiderations, fourth, Simon's model is reformulated. Last, in the context of this reformulated Simon's model, the “steady state” is reconsidered.

著者

宮城 俊彦 大野 栄治 森杉 壽芳

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.229-246, 1991-12-30 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

20

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Traffic equilibrium problems become very complex when multi-type of users are on networks in which the effects of a certain type of user on other users are heterogeneous. Since transportation cost function on each link in a network should be defined as the vector function, the usual mathematical optimization formulation is no longer useful except for a special case. For such a general class of traffic equilibrium problems, only either the variational inequality approach or the fixed point approach can be applicable. Almost all of the approaches recently developed use the variational inequality approach.Although the variational inequality approach has become the primary mode of analysis in the area of traffic equilibrium and very general. as a model, convergence results for algorithms for solving this general model often impose restrictions on the model that go beyond the monotonicity assumptions required in the equivalent convex optimization approach.This paper presents the theory of a new algorithm for the network equilibrium model that works in the space of path flows using a label and pivot technique in a fixed point approach. The idea of a pivot method that is extended to the traffic equilibrium problem in this paper has been motivated by a classical model of equilibrium in an exchange economy. However, the algorithm presented here is different from the economic equilibrium application in the following ways:(1) We work not on a price simplex but in the space of proportionate flows on path joining origin-destination pairs.(2) An appropriate labelling that produces a traffic assignment equilibrium is constructed.The calculation method is constructed on the facts that the labelling method appropriate to the traffic equilibria is to assign the number of paths available with the highest travel cost to each vertex on the simplex generated by changing the proportion of path flows and that if each vertex of a subdivided simplex has a differet number to each other, that simplex includes an equilibrium solution. Furthermore, the method is generalized to produce accurate solution in corresponding with the requirement of accurate prediction of network flows.

著者

森杉 壽芳

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.31-46, 1984-12-31 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

15

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The aim of this paper is to propose a new definition of social net benefits, called the weakly equivalent variation (WEV) in this paper, which is defined as the minimum amount of compensation that the society needs in order to give up a proposed transport project while remaining at the after-improvement welfare position.Although it has been recently advocated that the best index for measuring social net benefits is the so-called socially aggregated equivalent variation (ΣEV), this paper shows that our WEV is a better definition than ΣEV in the following two points: First, as well as ΣEV, the positivety of WEV is a sufficient condition for passing the Kaldor -Hicksian compensation test whenever the latter is meaningful. Second, Unlike ΣEV, WEV can be measured by a short-cut method to evaluate the overall impacts of transport project by analysing only the direct output of the project, i.e. transport market.The difference between our WEV and ΣEV lies in the treatment of prices other than the transport cost. For ΣEV case, these prices are exogenously fixed at the prechange level. For our WEV case, on the other hand, these prices are indogenously determined within the framework of the compensated equilibrium, which is invented in order to obtain the minimum amount of compensation that the society needs in order to give up that transport project while every household in the soceity remains at the post-improvement welfare position.By using the compensated market clearance conditions, for our WEV case, the incidence form of WEV can be transformed into its origin form, where the incidence form is an expression of WEV in terms of the consumer's good demand and factor supply functions, and lump sum income composed of the profit share endowment and tax burden. And the origin form is that in terms of the consumer's and producer's transport demand functions only, which makes us to have a shortcut measurement of WEV. For ΣEV case, on the other hand, because all prices are fixed at the preimprovement level, it cannot be transformed into its origin form.Finally, because even our origin form of WEV needs the compensated transport demand functions and compensated equilibrium prices, through the Taylor's expansion, this paper proposes an approximation measurement method which uses only the Marshallian transport demand functions and post-improvement equilibrium prices.

著者

森杉 寿芳

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.31-47, 1976-10-10 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

10

著者

青山 吉隆 森杉 寿芳

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.41-61, 1971-11-25 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 2

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For the purpose to simulate the changing process of land use pattern in urbanization, it is necessary to quantify the preference functions of various land users, such as commerce, industry and household.In this paper we have proposed a new method for the estimation of the preference functions by means of statistic discriminant function, which are composed of the accessibility to some urban activities, amenity level and other social and natural environment.First of all, we assumed that the behavior of each land user is making his utility maximum within the limit of the budget for land. Then on this assumption we defined the fact that land user located a certain land means that he prefers it to other lands where he did not locate, and have estimated the preference functions of commerce, industry and household respectively, using data on the land use map of Osaka Prefecture, 1965.The result of the estimation shows as follows: First, each estimated preference function adequately justifies our assumption. Second, the preference function of commerce is similar to that of household, but not to that of industry. Third, the preference function of commerce is strongly effected both by accessibility to the C. B. D. and neighboring land use; that of industry by the industrial water supply and that of household by accessibility, construction cost and public utility level.

著者

古屋 温美 中泉 昌光 横山 真吾 長野 章

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.761-776, 2008 (Released:2009-04-14)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1

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The diet and advancement of fishing villages are supported by the production and distribution of fishery products, so the control of quality and hygiene for these products is very important. In docking areas, infrastructures and countermeasures for quality and hygiene control such as traceability systems have been established by governments and regional HACCP. However, food poisoning incidents caused by fishery products and rumors of food poisioning have brought serious economic damages to the industry and consumers. Countermeasures are needed to reduce the losses. In order to confront those conditions, the following four topics were investigated and the results are reported in this paper: (1) Analysis of economic damages caused by shellfish poisoning accidents and rumors—Case study of oysters in Akkeshi town, Hokkaido; (2) Development of scenarios for the economic damages from the accidents and the rumors; (3) Expectations of the direct economic impacts, and spread of economic impacts on the gross domestic products and analysis of damages and losses to both docking and consuming areas; (4) Consideration of the issues and ways to analyze, evaluate and control the risks in quality and hygiene of fishery products. The results of this paper are as follows. (1) By the shellfish poison accidents occurred in Akkeshi town in April, 2005, the economic impacts such as the direct expense for recall and disposal of oysters continued for one month, and the loss of crops and the decrease in shipping also continued for one month. Equally, by the rumor in December, 2006, the three month decrease in shipping oysters was reported.; (2) Three scenarios were supposed. The first scenario is based on the accident in April, 2005, and the second one is based on the rumor in December, 2006. The last one is the most serious scenario.; (3) The direct economic impacts caused by each scenario were estimated. The economic spreading impact and the gross domestic product were calculated by the I-O table. In the most serious scenario, the amount of the direct economic impact and economic spreading impact was 27 hundred million yen in Hokkaido and 14 hundred million yen in the whole of Japan except Hokkaido. The decrease of the gross domestic product was 12 hundred million yen in Hokkaido and 5 hundred million yen in the whole of Japan except Hokkaido.; (4) The economic spreading impacts in region and the outside of it were proved. And, in order to reduce the impacts toward both landing and consuming areas, important things are the strict control in the quality and hygiene of fishery products, the provision of the correct knowledge, and the risk management for the accidents.JEL Classification: R15

著者

田渕 隆俊

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.215-226, 1987-11-30 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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The major objective of this paper is to demonstrate that interregional income differential is exogenous to interregional net migration, but not conversely. By use of the Japanese prefectural based data for 1954-82, we conduct two kinds of analyses to confirm this statement. Firstly, a simple comparison of the crests of interregional time-series plots was made to see which occurred first. Secondly, Sims' test of causality was done to investigate causation between rural/urban per capita income differential and rural/urban net migration.

著者

萩原 清子

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.185-211, 1985-12-31 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

2

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During the periods of high economic growth, outmigration from agricultural and mountain villages to urban areas increased rapidly. As a result overpopulation in the urban areas and depopulation in rural areas have become social problems.The rural areas play a very important role particularly in supplying food, conserving national land, cultivating the head sources of a stream and conserving the natural environment. However, it has become difficult to manage the community and these areas have not been able to play the abovementioned roles in depopulated areas. Therefore, the Japanese government has taken a number of measures to promote rural areas and alleviate some of the problems. In this paper the depopulation problem is considered from the viewpoint of local finance. Attention is paid particularly to the role of intergovernmental grants.Firstly, using a concept of local public goods, the inefficiency which results from free migration is considered. If in moving from one region to another a migrant does not account for the effect of his moving on the tax price of the public good of residents in the region he leaves or enters, Tiebout type of decentralized free market equilibria may not be Pareto-efficient. And if this externality is not internalized by centralized decision-making, the one region may be overpopulated and the other underpopulated. In the framework of a simple model the source of inefficiency of resource allocation is shown. Using the same model the analysis is extended to consider the role for intergovernmental grants in the face of such inefficiencies. And it is suggested that the central government may be justified in using a system of intergovernmental grants to overcome these inefficiencies.In order to explore the role of intergovernmental grants, the model is applied to Agatsuma district of Gunma Prefecture, a district which includes a number of the depopulated towns and villages. Firstly, settled accounts of revenue and expenditure from 1965 F. Y. to 1982 F. Y. are investigated. The percentage of transfer payments including grants from both the Japanese government and the government of Gunma Prefecture has become very large since the laws of the depopulated areas enforced. Secondly, principal expenditures are determined for each town and village. In each town expenditure on education and promotion for agriculture and construction account for a very large percentage of total expenditure. Finally, the level of components which constitutes residents' utility is examined. There is still a difference between the levels of many components in this district and those in the other region.From the above results it is shown that the situation is going to a desired direction by various measures, particularly intergovernmental grants. However, in some areas there is still a possibility of the situation deteriorating. Therefore, it is necessary to allocate intergovernmental grants carefully as well as encouraging each local government to work autonomously.

著者

Piet RIETVELD Mark KOETSE

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.215-225, 2008 (Released:2008-10-14)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1 4

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In this paper we analyse the effectiveness and consequences of introducing parking fees. It is argued that pricing measures are effective for combating inefficiencies in parking behaviour caused by distortions such as information problems and costs of parking congestion. However, given the structure of the marginal external costs involved, pricing measures are not attractive for addressing other negative externalities such as the negative effect of parked cars on the attractiveness of areas such as historical centres and residential areas. Therefore, a mixture of pricing and quantity regulation is needed. Furthermore, it is often stated that paid parking has negative effects on retailing. This issue was addressed by estimating two models of cross-sectional data from Dutch cities and panel data at the city-district level in Amsterdam, respectively. The first analysis suggests that aggregate parking capacity at the city level has a limited impact on the success of central shopping areas. In the second model we find that an introduction or increase of parking fees appears to have no negative consequences on the urban retail sector.JEL Classification: R48

著者

蔵下 勝行

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.317-326, 1994-12-30 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

3

著者

中里 裕美 大槻 知史 鐘ヶ江 秀彦

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.719-736, 2005 (Released:2007-06-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 4

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Historically, Local Currency Systems (LCS) were founded in 1930s when economic depression spread widely around the world to support the local economy. However, currently, LCS are seen as a tool to strengthen solidarity in the local community by solving social welfare issues and environmental issues uncovered by the state.This study aims to clarify the social functions for participants in LCS through a case study of Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) in Sweden. The focus will be on the role of personal relationship networks. This study examines an in-depth interview with the organizers of seven LETS associations in three cities in Sweden (Stockholm, Göteborg, and Lund) to reveal their purpose. A questionnaire survey was done in BYTS, the oldest and largest LETS to date in Sweden, to test the realization of the previous revealed purposes. Additionally, we use the methods of Social Network analysis to grasp the characteristics of personal relationship networks in LCS. The study can show that one of the main aims of these LETS—to develop social networks—is indeed accomplished. Not only was the social functions of the LETS a motivation for the effective participants to join BYTS, but they also could establish personal relationships. The opportunity to make friends was especially attractive for low-income, low-educated and retired persons. Furthermore, we identify four characteristics of LCS networks ; such as expanding peer to peer networks without mediation of the office (a network center) and creating the system for evaluation of goods and services which are hard to evaluate in the national currency system of our dehumanized society.The result suggests that LCS can contribute to visualize various potential needs embedded in the participants' mundane lives which usually are ignored by the public policy and the market through promoting peer to peer reciprocal exchanges, and therefore we can conclude that personal relationship networks created by using LCS has the important function to revitalize local community.

著者

野田 英雄

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.511-523, 2005 (Released:2007-06-01)

参考文献数

12

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Protection of intellectual property rights is an important global economic issue. This paper examines the relationship between protection of intellectual property rights and economic growth in the framework of an endogenous growth model with product innovation determined by profit maximizing innovators. In this paper, we focus on the role of patent protection in long-term economic growth.In general, conventional literatures of R&D based models of economic growth adopt a common hypothesis regarding patent systems : that patents are infinitely lived ; however, in reality this hypothesis is evidently not verified. This paper modifies the model of Jones (Journal of Political Economy, 1995, vol. 103, no. 4) and shows how the implications of the model vary in a framework of finite patent length. Our theoretical investigation shows that the implications from our model differ greatly from those of the Jones model. For example, even though the duplication parameter is sufficiently large, a decentralized economy can generate overinvestment in R&D. On the other hand, if the parameter of duplication is small, then a decentralized economy suggests underinvestment in R&D, for all parameter values of knowledge externalities.JEL classification : O30, O34, O41