文献一覧: 日本科学史学会 (出版者)

According to the present investigation, it is found that Japanese "physical books" which discussed the essence of heat hnd disaffirmed the "material theory of heat" since 1872 (Meiji 5) and those books supporting the "kinetic theory of heat" had become predominant and been diffused rapidly. Authors did not think so earlier. They expected that there were fairly a lot confusions between traditional thoughts in Japan or the "material theory of heat" and the "kinetic theory of heat". It is shown, however, as a result of the investigation that the shift from the "material theory of heat" to the "kinetic theory of heat" had proceeded smoothly and rapidly. In this context, authors cannot help being struck with wonder by the fact that the acceptance of European science in early years of Meij in Japan was done quite neatly as a "thorough imitaion".

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1 0 0 0 OA Tyndallの磁気研究

著者: 杉山滋郎
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.30, no.178, pp.120-130, 1991 (Released:2021-08-27)

The author demonstrates the following three theses in this paper. 1.In his works in 1850s John Tyndall tried to explain the deportments of magnetic and diamagnetic substances in magnetic fields from the viewpoint of action-at-a-distance theories, which were then prevalent on the Continent and had established their own tradition as different from that of field theories. It was, however, in an attempt to provide an alternative theory to Plticker's which was itself an action-at-a-distance theory, rather than to oppose the field theories, that Tyndall carried out his experimental investigations, at first in collaboration with Knoblauch. 2. Tyndall's researches on magnetism were guided by his conception of matter which conceived magnetic and diamagnetic substances, and eventually all substances, as consisted of minute particles. 3. Tyndall's approach to magnetic phenomena as well as his particulate conception of matter were established under the influence of the works by Knoblauch and de Senarmont on the anisotropic features of various substances.

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1 0 0 0 OA 獣医教師ヤンソンの"家畜衛生学" (1901)の理念について

著者: 長尾壮七
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.30, no.178, pp.131-137, 1991 (Released:2021-08-27)

This is a report on a German veterinarian, Johannes Ludwig Janson and his lecture titled "The Animal Hygiene". Professor Janson, who was on the teaching staff of Tokyo University in its early days from 1880 to 1902, has been called the father of modern veterinary science in Japan. He was born in 1849 in Berlin, and died in 1914 at Kagoshima, Japan. Janson's lecture "The Animal Hygiene" for suburban farmers, was carried in Chuo-Jui-Kai-Zasshi (Central Veterinary Magazine), Vol.14f No. 8 (1901). In his lecture, Janson mentioned that "Animal Hygiene" plays a vital role in animal husbandry, but it has not been spread sufficiently in Japan. His "hygiene" was derived from a new science established in Europe in 1880's, based on Pettenkofer's physiological hygiene and Koch's pathogenic bacteriology. Janson had introduced itinto modern veterinary education in Japan, while living in Tokyo. Then, thanks to his efforts, animal hygiene seems to have been available for veterinary education and animal husbandry in Japan.

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1 0 0 0 OA 科学史入門:関孝和と建部賢弘

著者: 下平和夫
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.30, no.178, pp.147-153, 1991 (Released:2021-08-27)

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1 0 0 0 OA 1990年シンポジウム:STSの課題と現実

著者: 中島秀人
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.29, no.176, pp.254, 1990 (Released:2021-08-30)

2022-09-25 05:22:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 歴史家•久米邦武の『物理学』手稿

著者: 高田誠二
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.30, no.177, pp.15-22, 1991 (Released:2021-08-30)

A manuscript on physics composed of 160 leaves of Japanese paper, having been preserved in the Kume Museum (Tokyo), was made open to public on the occasion of the Exhibition "Kunitake Kume and Bei-0 Kairan Jikki (The Iwakura Embassy Itinerary)" held at the Museum in 1985. Inspection of the MS revealed that it was written by K. Kume (1839~1936), a Japanese historian, who compiled Bei-0 Kairan Jikki (first published in 1878 and now available as 5 volumes of Iwanami Bunko). Detailed analysis of the MS has made clear that it was a partial translation from a Dutch book, Eerste Grondbeginselen der Natuurkunde (1847~) by P. van der Burg (1808〜1889) enlarged with free and wide-flung annotations of Kume's own. In the present paper, given are the results of comparative study among the MS, Grondbeginselen, Bei-0 Kairan Jikki and the related literatures

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1 0 0 0 OA バビロニア数学の"壁に立てかけられた棒"に関する2つの問題について

著者: 室井和男
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.30, no.177, pp.23-27, 1991 (Released:2021-08-30)

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1 0 0 0 OA ベンゼン電子式の発展

著者: 菊地重秋
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.29, no.176, pp.209-218, 1990 (Released:2021-08-30)

The purpose of this study is to show why E. Huckel alone thought in the early 1930s that molecular orbital(M.O.) theory was better than valence bond (V.B.) theory. In order to elucidate it, the author has investigated the development of the electronic formula of benzene and has made clear the meaning of Huckel's quantum theoretical coutribution to the benzene problem. In the early 20th century, chemists proposed several types of the electronic formula of benzene : the ionic bond type, the tetrahedral carbon model type, the three electron bond type, the aromatic sextet type,and others. They compared these electronic formulas one another, together with the considerations of the experimental evidence. It was E.C. Crocker who first proposed the aromatic sextet type of electronic fonnula of benzene in 1922, although it is usually thought that R. Robinson first proposed that formula in 1925. Aromatic sextet had been recognized as one of the most reasonable structural hypothesis up to about 1930, and it was in a sense the revival of the old benzene problem, i. e., the difficulty of representation of the bonding state of benzene ring. At that time, Huckel treated the benzene problem based on wave mechamics and recognized aromatic sextet as a closed shell which was the result derived from M.O. theory but not from V.B. theory. According to Huckel, the stability of aromatic sextet should be understood as resulting from the nature of the closed shell like such of noble gas. Since Huckel could solve the benzene problem which had been unsolved for about 75 years, he thought that M.O. theory was better than V.B. theory. The author attributes rapid loss of the significance of aromatic sextet to the conflict between Robinson's and Huckel's view on, for example, induced polarities of substituted benzenes, to the critical opinion expressed by W.G. Penney, and to the imperfection of HuckeFs interpretation mentioned above.