著者

川本 正知

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.4, pp.768-738, 2012-03

---

The eponymous and ancestral founder of the Naqshbandiyya, a Sufi order (tariqa), was Baha' al-Din Naqshband (H.718-91), who was a Sufi spiritual master of many disciples in Bukhara in Central Asia during the 14th-century A.D .. Khalil Ata, his Turkish spiritual master who appears in Anis al Talibin wa 'Uddat al-Salikin, an hagiography of Baha' al-Din Naqshband that was written by Salah b. Mubarak Bukhari, is none other than Qadan Sultan, whom Baha' al-Din was alleged to have served as an executioner (jalladi) in Maqamat-i Amir Kulal, another hagiography written by Shihab al-Din b. bint Amir f.Hamza. Baha' al-Din served Khalil Ata for 12 years from the age of approximately 18 (circa 736), and it is clearly written that during the last six of those years he served his master, who under the name of Khalil Sultan became the ruler of Ma wara' an-Nahr. Baha' al-Din was probably a member of the group of close associates (khassa), who would even have had to carry out executions. On the basis of the number of years that Baha' al-Din served Khalil Ata and his estimated age, I employed previously underutilized studies of the coinage issued by the Chaghatay khanate to prove that this Khalil/Qadan was Qazan Sultan, the son of the rebel Yasaur, who was in practical terms the last Chaghatay Khan and who was killed in the second battle with Amir Qazaghan of Qaraunas in 747 (1346) and his reign lasted five or six years from either 741 or 742 to 747. Then, I infer the reason why that in the historical chronicles written during the Timurid dynasty the period of his rule is erroneously recorded as lasting either 12 years from 735 or 14 years from 733, and I was able to clarify that the present-day scholars who have accepted these dates have depicted a mistaken portrait of the final period of the Chaghatay khanate.

著者

内藤 戊申

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.1-13, 1936-10-13

著者

田中 謙二

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.4, pp.270-289, 1954-11-20

---

In the "Yang-ch'un Po-hsueh" (陽春白雪), which is a collection of san-ch'u (散曲), a kind of popular songs of the Yuan dynasty, we find two long pieces composed by Liu Chih, which vividly depicts some aspects of the social unrest of his time. The author of the present article analyses the first of the two to date, and gives some biographical notes of Liu Chih.

著者

向井 佑介

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.3, pp.516-528, 2009-12

著者

木村 可奈子

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.2, pp.297-328, 2021-09

著者

里井 彦七郎

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.3, 1958-12

著者

岩村 忍

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, 1955-10

---

The present article is a shorthanded version of the author's lecture delivered at a meeting of The Society of Oriental Researches, Kyoto, in January, 1955. The author made extensive trips in Afghanishan in 1954, in the course of which he visited the mountainous home of the Hazara in the central Hindukush where he spent some time among this hitherto little known people. The author introduces the generally accepted view on their origin, i.e., the Mongol origin, and proceeds to describe the landscape of the Hazarajat. Next he refers briefly to the Hazaragi or the language of the Hazara and to the supposedly aboriginal people, the Barbars. The author's own observations of the life of the Hazaras are also mentioned, and he seems to entertain the view that, regardless of their origin (nomadic Mongols or others), their life is largely agricultural, while their social relations feudalistic. There is appended a summary of the discussion which took place after his lecture. In this we find various vestiges of the feudalistic system.

著者

石濱 純太郎

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.4, pp.376-384, 1936-04-20

著者

小堀 愼悟

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.1, pp.1-34, 2020-06

著者

堀內 淳一

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.3, pp.409-442, 2020-12

著者

佐々木 愛

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.1, pp.35-74, 2020-06

著者

北村 敬直

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, 1961-12

---

In January, 1877, China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company purchased at the amount of 2, 200, 000 Shanghai Tls. Shanghai Steam Navigation Company which was an affiliated company of Russel & Company, resulting in a sudden expansion of the former's business, but this event initiated a series of public controversy on the corruption therein during 1880-81 with Wang Hsien-ch'ien playing an active part. Memorials to the throne were drafted by Liu K'un-i and Li Hung-chang, relying on the reports of investigation by Liu Jui-fen and Li Hsing-jui, while the Tungli Yamen made its own investigation as the agency in charge of such an affair. In the present article the different views and standpoints on the affair are analysed, and attempt is made to explore the effects of the China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company affair to its contemporaneous events.

著者

内藤 戊申

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.1-13, 1936-10-13

著者

倉田 淳之助

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.4, pp.247-257, 1943-11-25

著者

守屋 美都雄

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.252-260, 1956-10-20

著者

江幡 眞一郎

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.5-6, pp.401-422, 1952-07-25

---

One of the most important changes, social and political, in the history of ancient China was the birth of a centralized state with the provinces and prefectures under its full control (the chun-hsien system), which had replaced the feudalism (the fengchien system) of the Chou dynasty. It was in the reign of Emperor Wu-ti that the chunhsien system became a firmly established institution. In view of the fact that this system of centralized despotic government with the bureau-cracy as its backbone became a pattern for the succeeding dynasties, this change deserves the historian's close examination. The present article deals with the nature and the political significance of the bureaucracy of Western Han. According to the author's view the two different ways of selecting and appointing the government officials, i.e., jen-tzu (任子) and hsuan-chu (選舉), were antipodal, but complementary, making it possible to keep the class of big clans vigorous by recruiting from among the lower literati. It was in the reign of Emperors Chao-ti and Hsuan-ti that this dual system of appointing the government officials was most effective and fruitful. As time elapsed, however, the high government officials turned into a privileged class with a definite social status, thus paving way to the control of government by the powerful clans in the Eastern Han period. Here may be sought the origin of the social stratification into the landlord-bureaucracy on the one hand and the peasant class on the other in post-Han ages.

著者

大庭 脩

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.206-220, 1953-03-31

---

During the Han period two ways of promotion were open for the Government offcials; merit and long service. The Autobiography of Ssu-ma ch'ien (司馬遷) as well as the Biography of Tung Chung-shu (董仲舒) in the Shih Chi (史記) supply us with materialin this connection, and our Etsin-gol MSS. inform us that "lao (勞)" (long sevice) and "kung (功)" (merit) were the standard for promotion.

著者

目黑 杏子

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.1, pp.33-68, 2018-06

著者

森部 豐

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.4, pp.797-820, 2017-03

著者

青木 健

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.3, pp.614-583, 2006-12

---

This study begins with a reexamination of the research of S. Wikander that was conducted 60 years ago on the geographical transition of the iconography of the imperial ideology of the Sassanian kingdom. The study also incorporates the achievements of research on Zoroastrianism, from Wikander to the present day, and then hypotheses that the reason that the Sassanid kings moved their place of pilgrimage to Azerbaijan after the 5th century was associated with the sacred fire, Adur Gusnasp, in Siz and the imperial throne, Takht-i Taqdis. The author has drawn upon evidence from archaeological and written material (in Pahlavi, Arabic, and early-modern Persian) and art historical hypotheses, to create a compilation of fact, legend, and theories on both. As a result, I was able to come up with a chronology based on the weight of the facts. In addition, I sought the reasons for the changes seen in the chronology in light of advances in the study of Zoroastrianism since the time Wikander. As a result the following prospect on the holy fire and the sacred throne were attained. Firstly, the author conjectures that as regards the holy fire, Adur Gusnasp, there was a relationship in which "changes in Zoroastrian thought" resulted in the "modification in imperial ideology of the Sassanid kingdom." In short, there was a chain of influence during the 5th century, from the "linking of the legend of the founder to of Azerbaijan" to "royal pilgrimage to Azerbaijan after the king's enthronement" to the "iconoclastic movement" and finally to the "destruction of stone relief of Xwarnah, symbolizing the right to rule" and the "increase in the importance of the sacred fire of Adur Gusnasp." As regards Takht-i Taqdis on the other hand, it appears to have been a temporary phenomenon based on the initiative of Khosrow II, and I am unable to posit any influence of Zoroastrian thought. The imperial throne can be thought of as an artifact of the attempt by Khosrow II, who held a firm grasp on imperial legitimacy inherited from his grandfather Khusrow I to construct his own imperial ideology free from Zoroastrian thought by highlighting the glory of his military exploits. However, due to a lack of detailed records, it was impossible to specify just what the nature of ideology that might have been.