著者

江藤 隆之

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山法学 = St. Andrew's University law review (ISSN:13481312)

巻号頁・発行日

no.24, pp.1-34, 2014-12-22

著者

小柳 伸顕

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = St. Andrew's University journal of Christian studies (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.51, pp.73-114, 2016-02-18

著者

南出 和余

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST.ANDREW,S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.91-108, 2014-03-28

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In Bangladesh today, many young people are migrating from rural villages to urban areas as a result of the rapid economic growth occurring in the country. Especially under the expansion of primary education in rural areas since the late 1980s, many children have begun to go to school while their parents had little experience of schooling. This generation is the so called "first educated generation" in their families. Through this school experience, they have acquired a "nonagricultural orientation" and have gone to urban areas where they are able to find work, but with low wages, mainly at the garment factories that are expanding significantly throughout the country. For a Japanese anthropologist, talking about the urban migration of young people during a time of economic growth reminds one of the experience of Japan in the 1960s. Many young people who had just graduated from high school or junior high school had migrated from rural to urban areas to find work, being typified by "mass employment." The "baby boomers" who were born in the post-war period definitely brought about economic growth as well as social changes in Japanese society. In this paper, I focus on the experience of my parents, who were part of the rural-urban migration in Japan in the 1960s, being motivated by my research in Bangladesh on the children and youth who are recently undergoing a similar migration experience. Their lives in 1960s Japan were influenced by the job situation in both rural and urban areas, by the relationship between rural and urban areas, and more directly by the network of urban migrants. At the same time, their experience itself revolutionized society. These factors can be adopted as a comparative perspective when I study the impact and effects of the urban migration of young people and the social transformation now taking place in Bangladesh. The anthropological "self" perspective between my background and my target society will be examined.

著者

江藤 隆之

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山法学 = St. Andrew's University Law Review (ISSN:13481312)

巻号頁・発行日

no.28, pp.71-93, 2018-02-28

著者

馬場 太郎

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

国際関係研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.56-61, 1962-01-01

著者

和栗 珠里

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.39, pp.29-56, 2010-12-15

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The 16th century Venice is generally conceived to be oligarchic. Under the aristocratic regime, influential noble families weaved up kin-group network and tried to devide among themselves important state offices. But it remains unclear which specific families were the most `influential'. This paper aims at solving this question through the analysis of the Procuratori di San Marco (PSM abbr.). The PSM were one of the most important state offices. They were originally no other than the custodians of the treasury of the St.Mark's Basilica. But because those appointed to the PSM were considered the most wise men in Venice, many people entrusted their property and legacy to them. Not only the individuals but also the government utilized the PSM as depository of various incomes. From 1454 the PSM could sit and vote in the Senate, from 1496 could hold the office of Savio Grande concurrently, from 1523 could sit and vote as zonta members in the Consiglio dei Dieci. Thus by the 16th century, the PSM had come to wield a tremendous power in every way: financially, politically, socially and culturally. For the noble families, having more than one PSM member was a great source of honor and profit. The 16th century made it easier for rich families to obtain the PSM position by a kind of `simony' of the state offices. One notes that in such cases very young nobles, even in their twenties and obviously with little experience in the political world, were elected to the PSM. It may seem strange because the PSM were second only to the Doge (Prince) in the hierarchy of the Venetian Republic and the position for eldest members of the aristocracy. But it becomes understandable if we take into consideration that the PSM were, different from all the other offices but the Dogeship itself, lifetime position which its holders could keep as long as they lived. In other words, it was family tactics to put a young member in this position in order to stay close to the core of the power as long as possible. Analyzing all the PSM elected in the 16th century, we find that five families, namely, the Grimani, the Contarini, the Priuli, the Mocenigo and the Venier, occupied about 30 percent and with other five, namely, the Corner, the Giustinian, the Cappello, the Lezze and the Morosini, the top ten families occupied more than 45 percent. And a genealogical study reveals intricate matrimonial relations among them. In this way, we can identify the most influential families of the 16th century Venice. However, we must not forget that the Venetian Republic was not totally oligarchic. Not a few PSM who didn't belong to these families were also great leaders of the time. For a further understanding of the early modern Venice, more detailed prosopography will be required.

著者

永水 裕子

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山法学 = St. Andrew's University law review (ISSN:13481312)

巻号頁・発行日

no.20・21, pp.329-369, 2013-03-29

著者

井田 大輔

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.1-22, 2018-02-20

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This paper reviews the impact of aging population on the natural rate ofinterest and monetary policy from the new Keynesian model (NKM)perspective. The standard NKM has been used in recent analysis ofmonetary policy. However, it limits the effect of heterogeneous agents onthe private sector. Therefore, how aging population changes the effect ofmonetary policy on the real economy cannot be examined. This surveyfocuses on the NKM augmented with the role of heterogeneous agentsand shows that economic shocks have asymmetric impacts on differenthouseholds and that a change in the demographic structure significantlyaffects the dynamics of the natural rate of interest.

著者

朴 大栄 宮本 京子

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST.ANDREW,S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.1-25, 2012-08-31

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Audit failures are often caused by the inability of auditors to maintain independence. The lack of independence is an enemy of systematic and efficient audit operations. How can auditors secure independence? To answer this question, we need to discuss a wide variety of issues, including not only an appropriate organization of auditors, quality control and governance but also the necessity of auditors' rotation and the whereabouts of an authority to select auditor members or determine remuneration for auditors. This paper focuses on audit quality control, which is an essential task in ensuring reliable audit results, and discusses present situations and problems regarding audit quality control systems from the viewpoint of audit firms, JICPA ( Japanese Institute of Certified Public Accountants) and CPAAOB (Certified Public Accountants and Auditing Oversight Board). We also discuss whether or not the size of an audit firms is relevant to its ability to conduct appropriate quality control of audit operations, since we consider it important to clarify such relevance or irrelevance for identifying desirable quality control systems for respective audit firms. We conducted a questionnaire survey on both large audit firms and small and medium-size counterparts to find and analyze the status of their respective quality control systems, and this paper explains the survey results.

著者

吉田 一穂

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of humanities research, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.8, pp.5-35, 2018-02

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Four Englishwomen established for themselves a well-grounded fame astravelers―Mrs. Bishop (Isabella L. Bird, 1831-1904), Miss North (MarianneNorth, 1830-90), Miss Kingsley (Mary Kingsley, 1862-1900), and MissGordon-Cumming (Constance Frederica Gordon-Cumming, 1837-1924).Each of these four ladies had her own special characteristics, literary and artistic; each in her own way showed what English Ladies could do, and pen andpencil aroused the interest and admiration of the reading pubic.Many readers have been strongly attracted by the books of travel byIsabella L. Bird, and her capacity for accurate observation, her retentive memory,and her power of vivid portrayal, have enabled multitudes to share her experiencesand adventures in those lands beyond the pale which drew her everwith magnetic force.Unbeaten Tracks in Japan (1880) shows how accurate Isabella's representationof Japan is. It represents not only daily lives of Japanese people but alsotheir confrontations with Western culture. Isabella seems to be interested especiallyin the missionary works of the Meiji Era. She ardently desired thespread of the kingdom of Christ Jesus in the world, but was not herself concernedto advocate any special rites or dogmas.Most Japanese think of Britain as a Christian country. In one sense, ofcourse, they are quite right. Historically, Britain has been Christian since atleast the 7th century, when the Church of Rome first sent missionaries to thecountry. The various churches and sects of Christianity which have developedover the country's long history, such as the Anglicans, Baptists, Quakers andMethodists, have spread out throughout the world, having a great effect oncountless lives. Moreover, England is one of very few countries in the worldto have a state church, the Church of England.Isabella was born on 15 October 1831 at Boroughbridge Hall, Yorkshire.Her father served as a curate at Boroughbridge. After that he was appointedcurate in Maidenhead. The Church of England as her background and thetrend of Christianity in England, seemed to have a great influence on her.When she visited Irimachi, Nikko, she saw those who worshippedDaikokuten, the god of wealth. She could not accept them because theyprayed God for wealth and was steeped in materialism. She could not acceptAinu people who were given to drinking as a part of worship. This reminds usthe temperance movement of Victorian England. Many Christian organizationssupported the temperance movement because drinking habits lead people tocollapse of families, crimes, and numerous absences from work.While Isabella set great hopes on the effect of Christianity, she representedthe missionary works of the Meiji Era in Unbeaten Tracks in Japan. Sheshowed that missionaries contributed to Japanese medical treatment and education,and how Japanese people were converted to Christianity. UnbeatenTracks in Japan gives her impression not only of Japanese culture and habitsbut also of the missionary works.

著者

山本 順一

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.4, pp.17-41, 2015-03-31

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This paper mainly describes the so-called Galapagos Syndrome in Japanese public librarianship when it is compared with western countries including United States. U. S. public libraries are now looked upon as community anchor, which should walk together with community itself and its members. While there are generally a few computers in a Japanese public library, even in a U.S. branch library, it has usually a computer labo, and many black children use workstations, and play games and social media. Most Japanese people consider the public library as a free public book-lending institution. Though not a few active Japanese public libraries are tackling with new services, most of those confine their services to narrow traditional coverage. Anyway, in U. S. public librarianship,'literacy'is a keyword with regard to developing a new kind of library service. Within the mind of U. S. public librarians, `literacy' means the basic knowledge of every daily useful area, for example financial literacy and health literacy. Generally speaking, people expect public libraries to support whole of community in economic development. Recently, embedded librarianship is emerging in the United States, and they are dealing with community reference service. Today's public librarians ought to be community information scientists. They also should try to get various kinds of grants. By the way, massive digital reproduction of print media is pushed forward all over the world libraries. And present 21st century society is used to utilize digital contents. World's public librarians should offer them in careful consideration of library users'profits.

著者

小早川 義則

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山法学 (ISSN:13481312)

巻号頁・発行日

no.20, pp.59-92, 2013-03

著者

南出 和余

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.75-93, 2013-03

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Global society in the information age strongly demands education in media literacy, which means the ability to judge phenomena subjectively and then communicate with others interactively. In response to this demand, since 2008 St. Andrew's University has provided media literacy education as part of the faculty of International and Liberal Arts. This paper describes the author's educational practice for "cross-cultural understanding through filmmaking." The word "media" means an intermediary for transmission and reception of information and communication, and widely ranges from public media to private communications. Needless to say, the medium that symbolizes the information age is the Internet. Not only does it dramatically increase the amount of information and facilitates the data's transmission, the Internet's spread has made it possible for people to access it from both ends of the spectrum. The Internet is also being used to easily transmit linguistic information as well as visual images. Through our own eyes, we have confirmed some of the facts and images we know about global society, yet the majority of the knowledge is obtained through public media. Nonetheless, while the sources of the information we receive has spread globally, the targets we send to are usually of a personal relationship. In this sense, the transmission and reception of information are asymmetrically related. In such a situation, everyday practice limits for students to learn the critical literacy for public media. In this paper, I will introduce my practice of media literacy education from the perspective of visual anthropology on two aspects : interpreting images and learning through video production. The former approach tries to show a series of ethnographic films that were mainly produced with awareness of the relation between filmmaker and informants. To identify the existence of "creator" between subjects on the screen and ourselves watching the film leads students to read the authors' interpretation and messages. The latter approach, video production of a 15-minute documentary film, aims to provide students with structural understanding of fact recognition and expression. These approaches, I believe, can offer students not only the capacity of information processing but also training for planning and self-expression skills.

著者

小柳 伸顕

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = The St. Andrew's University journal of Christian studies (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.49, pp.225-253, 2014-03-13

著者

小柳 伸顕

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = St. Andrew's University journal of Christian studies (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.50, pp.225-245, 2015-03-23

著者

吉田 一穂

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

英米評論 (ISSN:09170200)

巻号頁・発行日

no.20, pp.129-153, 2006-03-20

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In The Old Curiosity Shop (1841), Charles Dickens (1812_70) used the same method as he had used in Oliver Twist (1838). He gave a strong impression of goodness to readers by showing the contrast between goodness and evil until the end of the story ; Nell's innocence, purity, beauty, and goodness, became more striking by the grotesqueness of Quilp, the evil.Quilp could scarcely be said to be of any particular trade or calling, though his pursuits are diversified and his occupations numerous. He collects the rents of whole colonies of filthy streets and alleys by the water-side, advances money to the seamen and petty officers of merchant vessels, has a share in the ventures of divers mates of East Indiamen, smokes his smuggled cigars under the very nose of the Custom House, and makes appointments on Change with men in glazed hats and round jackets pretty well every day.Quilp is also a malevolent dwarf who lends money to Nell's grandfather, takes over the Old Curiosity Shop in payment, and then pursues Little Nell and her grandfather when they flee from him. Dickens represented Quilp's appearance: `His head and face were large enough for the body of a giant. His black eyes were restless, sly, and cunning. What added most to the grotesque expression of his face, was a ghastly smile, which revealed the few discoloured fangs that were yet scattered in his mouth, and gave him the aspect of a panting dog.' One can safely state that Dickens created the sadistic Quilp by Punch and Richard III. First, the source of Quilp is, as Paul Schlicke supposes, Punch in Punch and Judy. Quilp who gives a lot of blows to Kit and Tom Scott with hiscudgel and says, `I'll beat you to a pulp, you dogs' in Chapter 6, reminds readers of the destructive power and the sadistic aspect of Punch who hits the characters with his stick and kills Toby, his child, Judy, the doctor, and the Devil. The feature of Punch can be seen in Quilp in his relationship with his wife. The words of Quilp to his wife in Chapter 4 (`Oh you precious darling! Oh you de-licious charmer!') are similar to the words of Punch to his wife (`What a pretty creature! Isn't she a beauty?). Not only the relationship between Quilp and his wife but also the relationship between Quilp and Nell is similar to the relationship between Punch and Judy. Dickens seems to intend to represent a male chauvinis and an obedient woman in the relationship between Quilp and his wife and the relationship between Quilp and Nell. The difference between Judy and Nell is that Judy is killed by Punch while Nell escapes from the menace of Quilp. Richard III is thought to be the other model of Quilp. As Philip Collins describes Quilp as an exultant bourgeois Richard III, there are some common points. The appearance of Richard III overlaps with the appearance of Quilp. Richard III tells us about his appearance, `I, that am curtailed this fain proportion, heated of feature by dissembling Nature, Deform'd, unfinish'd sent before my time Into this breathing world scarce half made up-And that so lamely and unfashionable That dogs bark at me, as I halt by them-', while Dickens represented Quilp as `a dwarf whose head and face are large enough for the body of a giant, whose black eyes are restless, sly, and cunning, and whose finger-nails are crooked, long, and yellow'.Quilp, the hideous dwarf, terrifies and dominates all who come into contact with him. His power of sexual invasion reminds us of Richard's power of sexual invasion. Ann is urged to make a definite decision by Richard III : `Take up the sword again, or take up me'. His persistence wears her down, and she gives in. Quilp admires the sexual attraction of Nell and says, `To be Mrs. Quilp the second, when Mrs. Quilp the first is dead, sweet Nell'. In The Old Curiosity Shop, the bird symbolizes Nell who has escaped from Quilp and dies at the ending ofthe story. Quilp's words, `Wring its neck', show his sadistic aspect. Dickens created the sadistic aspects of Quilp, dexterously making use of the sadistic aspects of Punch and Richard III. The sadistic aspects of Quilp contribute to the emphasis on Nell's femininity. What has to be noticed is that Quilp's death presents a contrast to Nell's death. Quilp's shout in the water is equivalent to Richard's shout, `My kingdom for a horse'. Richard notices that he is trifling before his death, and Quilp's death gives the impression of his pettiness. Nell's death presents a contrast to Quilp's death. The little bird, `the poor slight thing the pressure of a finger would have crushed', symbolizes Nell. It reminds us of the words of Quilp, `Wring its neck'. We can say that Dickens represented the condition of Nell who has been released from the sadistic Quilp by the little bird as a symbol.

著者

伊藤 潔志

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of humanities research, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.29-53, 2015-10

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This paper aims to reconsider, from the viewpoint of educational ethics, the "religious neutrality of education" that is a fundamental principle of Japan's Basic Act on Education. Religious neutrality in education is a concrete example of the principle of the separation of church and state. The history of the relationship between church and state in the USA and Europe reveals that separation of the two has been enacted in each individual country as a result of a wide range of developments, and could therefore be called a political "product of compromise." The relationship among the three fundamental principles - separation of church and state, freedom of belief, and the spirit of tolerance - can be describedas follows. First, freedom of belief has the definitive meaning of having freedom to follow one's own personal beliefs. However, when this freedom is expanded to mean freedom of belief for both oneself and others, it becomes a right with universal value. What makes such an expansion possible is the spirit of tolerance. For this reason, it can be said that the spirit of tolerance is a condition for freedom of belief, and that the result of the systemization of this spirit of tolerance is the separation of church and state. The separation of church and state thus becomes a means to safeguard freedom of belief. These three elements are inter-related. Tolerance appears to be a universal concept, but it is based on an extremely Protestant philosophy. The same can also be said of freedom of belief, and of the separation of church and state. Moreover, the limits inherent in the separation of church and state are inextricably linked to the limits of religious neutrality in education.

著者

伊藤 潔志

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of humanities research St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.29-53, 2015-10-27

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This paper aims to reconsider, from the viewpoint of educational ethics, the "religious neutrality of education" that is a fundamental principle of Japan's Basic Act on Education. Religious neutrality in education is a concrete example of the principle of the separation of church and state. The history of the relationship between church and state in the USA and Europe reveals that separation of the two has been enacted in each individual country as a result of a wide range of developments, and could therefore be called a political "product of compromise." The relationship among the three fundamental principles - separation of church and state, freedom of belief, and the spirit of tolerance - can be describedas follows. First, freedom of belief has the definitive meaning of having freedom to follow one's own personal beliefs. However, when this freedom is expanded to mean freedom of belief for both oneself and others, it becomes a right with universal value. What makes such an expansion possible is the spirit of tolerance. For this reason, it can be said that the spirit of tolerance is a condition for freedom of belief, and that the result of the systemization of this spirit of tolerance is the separation of church and state. The separation of church and state thus becomes a means to safeguard freedom of belief. These three elements are inter-related. Tolerance appears to be a universal concept, but it is based on an extremely Protestant philosophy. The same can also be said of freedom of belief, and of the separation of church and state. Moreover, the limits inherent in the separation of church and state are inextricably linked to the limits of religious neutrality in education.

著者

山本 順一

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = Human sciences review, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.45, pp.71-88, 2014-03-28

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In recent years, the Japanese academic world has been at a loss to cope with duplicate publications in scholarly journals. This article shows the backgrounds that may tend to produce to duplicate publications, and the present situations that scientific societies in Japan are wrestling with. Second, the author considers the conceptual structure of duplicate publications, and their legal meaning relating to copyright. Third, this paper tells R&D institutions how to prevent the duplication of publications by hired researchers. Finally, the author presents concrete examples relating to duplicate publications, and indicates which cases fall into the category of improper publications.

著者

渡辺 邦博

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = St. Andrew's University economic and business review (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.53-77, 2013-02-25