著者

青木 康容

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2018, no.36, pp.180-198, 2018-09-05 (Released:2019-09-04)

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This paper discusses how neighborhood associations in Naha City were formed and termed jichi-kai after World War II (WWII), and it explores the role of the administrative area, which is referred to as gyohsei-ku, for forming jichi-kai associations. Jichi-kai is a new type of local entity and is expected to take the place of existing long-established local communities, often referred to as Aza.     After WWII, many people from all over the Okinawa islands hurried to get jobs in Naha, which caused the Naha population to grow and urbanize. This, in turn, lead to the development of new associations called kyohyu-kai. Not surprisingly, association with a kyohyu-kai is based on a person's origin, which makes membership in these organizations exclusive. Eventually, some kyohyu-kai associations arose that were essentially equivalent to the jichi-kais.     By the same token, membership in the Aza communities has been restricted since ancient times, and this system has since been renamed jichi-kai, which is also restricted. Aza communities exclude people from different neighborhoods from joining because some Aza communities have particular assets, such as shared land, that they can use to generate financial benefits, like renting land for military bases.     That is why the participation rate in Naha City associations is unusually low―20-30%―compared with the participation rates for neighborhood associations in other Japanese cities.     From this background information, this paper extracts four types of associations. The first two are authorized neighborhood associations: one is here referred to as “Aza-type jichi-kai” and the other is referred to as the “Non Aza-type jichi-kai.” The third type is simply called kyohyu-kai, in which people are able to mutually receive comfort and assistance. Finally, the fourth is known as an assent-management entity, which gives large sums of financial support to neighborhood associations.

著者

若林 幹夫

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2009, no.27, pp.1-19, 2009 (Released:2011-10-07)

参考文献数

44

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“Collective memory” has become one of the popular topics in sociological researchers in Japan since the 1990s. However, in Japanese urban sociology, the studies which focus on “collective memory” are still few. In this paper, I will examine why Japanese urban sociologist have not been interested in this topic, and then I will show the perspective for the study of local collective memory in urban society, especially in suburbia and new town. “Economics”, “politics” and “topography” of memory are the key points of this tentative perspective for the study of local collective memory in sociological urban studies. The condition of local memory in suburbia and new town is different either from the local memory in urban center or rural community. I will examine this suburban condition of local collective memory, and then try to propose some hypothesis about the characteristics of local memory in suburbia and new town. In suburbia and new town, there are discontinuities, segregations, isolation and homogenization of local memories. Under these sociological conditions of local collective memory, we can also find the process of the making of new local collective memories among the dwellers.

著者

高木 恒一

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2016, no.34, pp.59-73, 2016-09-03 (Released:2017-11-01)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

2 2

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Since the mid-1990s, Tokyo has been undergoing extensive reurbanization, and a lot of gentrification projects are currently being undertaken in the central area. This study aims to examine this transformation of socio-spatial structure of the Tokyo metropolitan area from the perspective of gentrification studies.    Recently, urban policy has been the foundation of gentrification in gentrification studies. These studies introduced the idea that the wide variety of urban policies, which were framed according to the political situation of each county or city, affects the characteristics of gentrification. Consequently, in this study, I trace the urban policy implemented by both the national government and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) since the mid-1990s. I choose to focus on urban renaissance policy and housing policy out of the many fields of the urban policy.    I find that the aim of the nation's urban renaissance policy is to escape from recession after the economic downturn, and the TMG's policy corresponds with this goal. Furthermore, I discuss the inclusion of “neoliberalism” and “entrepreneurialism” in the urban renaissance policy, with gentrification in the central Tokyo area in the early 21st century being the spatial expression of this inclusion. Moreover, I recommend that housing policy be incorporated into the overall urban renaissance policy thereby regarding as a tool for gathering the elite who are suitable for urban economic growth strategy rather than responding to residents' basic need.

著者

平松 誠

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, no.40, pp.174-189, 2022-09-05 (Released:2023-09-16)

参考文献数

47

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This paper reviews the methodological evolution of urban sociology, with an emphasis on US urban sociology. Furthermore, it focuses on the development of quantitative methods for urban sociology.     First, this paper reviews the tradition of the Chicago school of sociology. The Chicago school is distinguished by social disorganization theory and ecological determinism. The theory of L. Wirth is primarily analytical. He viewed the city as an independent variable and the way of life as a dependent variable. Second, social composition theorists appear in this paper, with H. Gans serving as a representative sociologist of this approach. He believed that urbanism as a way of life is explained not only by the ecological aspect of the city, but also by the characteristics of individuals, such as social class or lifecycle. Gans' view, which distinguishes between the effects of individual and city, is overlapped with the concept of multilevel methods. Third, B. Wellman and C. S. Fischer modified Wirth's theory. They recognized Gans' perspective and refocused on the city's ecological aspects. Fourth, the trend of current urban sociology is the neighborhood effect. R. J. Sampson, a well-known sociologist in this discipline, revolutionized the methodology of urban sociology. He recognizes the city's ecological aspects, and interprets neighborhood effects as the accumulation of specific individuals, such as black or impoverished people. In short, the ecological aspect of the city and individual selection of migrating to the city are interpreted as the city's effects. The emergence of quantitative methods such as panel data analysis and social experiments methods has aided the manner of thinking of neighborhood effects research.     Finally, this paper discussed the future of Japanese quantitative urban sociology. We should make panel data for urban sociology and cooperate with urban sociologists employing qualitative methods to capture the urban dynamics.

著者

西川 祐子

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2009, no.27, pp.21-36, 2009 (Released:2011-10-07)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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In Kozoji New Town, Kasugai City, there is a community medium that is continuing the conveyance of information and the formation of a residential network while transforming the medium in three stages, from a hard copy-based community publication to an information exchange through the electronic medium of a website and then on to the establishment of a town-development NPO corporation and administration of a space for residents' communal exchange. The collective memory of the new town is built by this community medium and has the characteristics of being open to the external world and formed by the spontaneous contribution of the vague and faded memories of individuals. This essay discusses the relationship between the collective memory of a new town and the town development movement.

著者

浅川 達人 岩間 信之 田中 耕市 駒木 伸比古

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2016, no.34, pp.93-105, 2016-09-03 (Released:2017-11-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that have disrupted the healthy eating behaviors of the elderly. We supposed that there were two main factors, which were inadequate access to food and weak ties with family and the local community. In the local city that was composed of urban and rural area, these two factors were expected to cause the elderly residents a poor nutritional condition. An empirical study was conducted in City A that is located in the northern part of Tokyo metropolitan area. Logistic regression analyses were adopted. The dependent variable was “dietary diversity score”, and independent variables were “sex”, “age”, “income”, “family members living together”, “need of assistance”, “spending daytime alone”, “eating a meal with someone”, “the distance to supermarkets”, and “the frequency of participation in some hobby-related groups”. The results of logistic regression analyses showed that the dietary diversity scores of the elderly who lived in the area far from the supermarket were lower. Although controlling this effect, “the frequency of participation in some hobby-related groups” was statistically significant. These results suggested that inadequate access to food and weak ties with family and the local community have disrupted the healthy eating behaviors of the elderly.

著者

青木 秀男

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2015, no.33, pp.55-70, 2015-09-05 (Released:2016-10-09)

参考文献数

26

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Homeless people have increased in mega cities of developing countries like the Philippines. This article aims to analyze homelessness in Metro Manila. The main focus is devoted to three issues on homelessness: where homeless people come from, where they live in Metro Manila and why they live there.    First, this article analyzes the social processes which bring the needy to the streets using the push-pull hypothesis. It concludes that the squatter area is the biggest source of homeless people. Second, it analyzes the spatial distribution of homeless people. Management and control of public space by the government is strengthened, public space is privatized. As a result, squatter areas in public space are evicted from the inner-city and moved to the suburbs. Without a home many squatters are left behind in the inner-city and pushed to the streets. Thus squatter area is decentralized and homeless people are centralized. Third, it analyzes the politics behind the occupancy of public space vis-a-vis the government and homeless people. In the developing countries, public space has been seen as the pseudo-public space which can be occupied conventionally by the needy. However, control of public space is strengthened, demolition of squatter area is implemented, and many people are pushed to the streets. This article analyzes the politics behind the use of public space in relation to the government, the squatter, the vendor and the homeless people. It concludes that homeless people are the most vulnerable in both the occupancy and the elimination of public space. The pseudo-public space is disappearing and hence homeless people are converging with their counterpart in European countries.

著者

太田 麻希子

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2021, no.39, pp.23-39, 2021-09-04 (Released:2022-09-07)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this paper is to explore how recent industrial changes triggered by overseas migration and the growth of the IT-BPO industry have impacted squatter settler's households in Metropolitan Manila. The change led to the increase of highly educated and occupational middle-class workers, specifically among women, while the growth of the middle-income class has been relatively marginal. The paper will focus on college-level educated female workers in a squatter settlement and their households to examine their interests in professions and specialties and family strategies for educational expenses.

著者

今井 隆太

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2021, no.39, pp.56-72, 2021-09-04 (Released:2022-09-07)

参考文献数

66

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This empirical study examined the following four hypotheses with reference to J.Jacobs' research, Urban Sociology, and Commercial Science. (1) When local residents go to the shopping street in their neighbourhood, they communicate more with shop assistants, than when they go to other shopping districts. The more they go to the shopping street, (2) the more they trust their neighbours, (3) the more they get local information and (4) the more they are attached to their area.     As a result, the hypotheses (1), (3), and (4) were statistically verified with the survey research. Therefore, Japanese shopping streets can be the place they communicate with each other, exchange information, and make sure their local connections. However, shopping streets is not associated with the trust for their neighbours. Further studies are needed to examine the relationship between average levels of residents' trusts and features of local lifestyles.

著者

徳野 貞雄

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.28, pp.27-38, 2010 (Released:2011-12-20)

被引用文献数

1

著者

水上 徹男

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2020, no.38, pp.132-147, 2020-09-05 (Released:2021-09-16)

参考文献数

32

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This paper focuses upon the research of Siu, who conducted a survey of the Chinese community in the United States. By this research he was able to construct the sociological concept “sojourner”. Although this was in the 1950s, if we are to consider the contemporary significance of this concept, we shall have to “revisit” Siu's extensive fieldwork on the life of hand-operated laundry amongst Chinese living overseas. In this way we will also see the relevance to discussion of immigration patterns, ethnic business developments, and more broadly to wider ethnic community. The Chinese laundry business began in the 19th century, and the study on these industries did not make a major contribution to the historical studies of Chinatown nor other investigations of Chinese economic activities in the United States. However, the significance of such a connection was eventually unearthed by New York Chinatown History Project and Siu's dissertation was published in 1987, though he started the research in the 1930s. This research was an extensive study that inherited the tradition of the Chicago School of fieldwork, but has never been taken up as a Chicago School monograph. Perhaps the perception of sojourners who have no intention of permanent residence has not been the main focus of assimilation and integration theories to the host society. The characteristics of the sojourner that Siu emphasized was the persistent bond with the country of origin, an uncertainty about permanent residence, and no intention to assimilate to the host society. Contemporary research concerned with the impact of transnational migration in modern metropolises has begun to reckon with the kind of urban ethnicity that has characterized “sojourners”. And, in some ways, the concept itself is now more relevant and influential in this globalized era, than it was when Siu published his findings.

著者

八木 寛之 吉田 全宏

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2017, no.35, pp.121-137, 2017-09-05 (Released:2018-09-05)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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In this study, we examine the expansion in the post-2000 period of shopping street activation within the Miyuki-dori shopping street (Ikuno Korea Town) in Ikuno Ward of Osaka City. We also examined the relationship between shopping street and multicultural coexistence entailed in town planning.     A first key finding of the study was that commencing from the 2000s, shopping street association has played a major role in revitalizing Ikuno Korea Town. Many shopkeepers have roots in Korea establishing in Japan. Several shopping districts with shops owned by individuals belonging to diverse ethnic groups have sprouted up in Ikuno Korea Town and all over the city. Under these circumstances, a local network has been established that extends beyond the vicinity of the shopping street. This study found that immigration and generational changes had led to the establishment of shopping street in Ikuno Korea Town.     A second key finding of the study was that the development of increasingly commercial attitudes among shoppers can be linked to town development that has entailed the promotion of multicultural coexistence. In other words, town planning specifically fosters commercial activities, which constitute the basis and rationale of activities like street shopping. This is because fostering multicultural coexistence in the town is necessary to reduce conflicts shop owners within shopping street association and avoid political tensions. These town planning measures have resulted in Ikuno Korea Town becoming a model example of multicultural coexistence. However, as the study demonstrates town planning has in fact been a necessity in Ikuno Korea Town.

著者

西野 淑美

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2019, no.37, pp.62-79, 2019-09-05 (Released:2021-06-29)

参考文献数

20

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This paper describes how people understand the relationship between internal migration and social mobility, and how this understanding has changed from the period of rapid economic growth to the subsequent period of migration turnaround. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey and interviews conducted with Fukui-city public high school graduates from the late 1950s to the early 2000s.     The eldest cohort lived in a time when not only college graduates but also high school graduates who did not continue on to college were understood to have a better chance of attaining a higher occupational status through internal migration. However, high school graduates from the next cohort were less likely to move beyond Fukui prefecture through their employment, while migration aimed at college enrollment increased. The number of college graduates returning to Fukui to seek employment also increased. Internal migration came to be understood to relate to social mobility only through higher education. Internal migration to attain a college education became almost a requirement for the youngest cohort to maintain the equivalent social status to their parents and also to remain identified with the reference groups of their own generation. In parallel, polarization emerged among college graduates based on the ranking of their high school. Graduates from highly ranked high schools tended to remain outside Fukui after finishing college, while other high school graduates tended to return to Fukui after college. Although the internal migration experience extended to the broader population in the third cohort, for most of them, migration and social mobility no longer seemed to be related to each other.

著者

菱山 宏輔

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2018, no.36, pp.39-56, 2018-09-05 (Released:2019-09-04)

参考文献数

43

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This paper clarifies a limitation of modern paradigm in the urban sociology of Japan and proposes a new perspective based on the field research in Bali, Indonesia. This paper adopts a concept ‘pluralistic collectivity'[ C. Geertz] as a core of the philosophy of the social structure in Bali and deal with four case studies, local security, gated community, traditional small green space, and mobilities of Japanese lifestyle migrants. The local security systems are established based on pluralistic collectivity by local people. They contribute to making new local images or multicultural activities of local security. The case of the gated communities and traditional small green space are evaluated as the ‘border spaces' with the plurality. Japanese lifestyle migrants exist between immigration and tourism. Besides, from the viewpoints of residential mobility and daily mobility, This paper clarifies their ways of using the gated communities, which increase the possibility of their mobilities. Through the re-evaluation of the four case studies from the perspective of Michihiro Okuda's urban studies, the importance of constituting society from the ‘border spaces' and of the continuous ‘reflection' or ‘elaboration' is proposed.

著者

野邊 政雄

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1999, no.17, pp.73-90, 1999

著者

佐藤 郁哉

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, no.12, pp.18-20, 1994

被引用文献数

2

著者

高智 富美

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2008, no.26, pp.187-203, 2008

被引用文献数

1

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This article aims to consider the integration policy for foreign residents in Japan, which promotes political and economic equality as well as cultural diversity, based on a case study of Yao City, Osaka. By analyzing the ethnic relations among Japanese, old comers, Korean minority, and new comers, the following four issues are discussed. 1) Official Japanese language education system should be established, for the lack of Japanese language proficiency makes it difficult for new comers not only to live a life in Japan but also to have relationships with Japanese. 2) Occupational support system for new comers is necessary making the best use of their ethnic networks and their multicultural background. 3) Current education system fails to encourage new comer children to build positive ethnicity.It should be revised taking mother tongue education into consideration, which brings many positive effects. 4) The inter-ethnic relationship between old comers and new comers is important. It makes new corners not only to have a chance to make relationships with Japanese but also to form positive ethnic identity.