著者

中野 佑一

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2015, no.33, pp.39-54, 2015-09-05 (Released:2016-10-09)

参考文献数

26

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the safety consciousness of Security Town residents in what is called a “Japanese gated community”. Gated communities, residential areas that limit the entrance to the inside by enclosing the area with fencing, using security guards and installing CCTVs, are widespread throughout the world. Recently, Security Towns are increasing in Japan, highlighting growing security needs. We investigated the consciousness of security of Security Town residents in survey and through interviews, and analyzed the data. This paper highlights the three findings. First, 76% of Security Town residents emphasize crime prevention in choosing their residence. However, residential motivations are different, and security is not considered the top motive. Second, Security Town residents have not eliminated their fear of crime, especially compared to national data. However more than eliminating their fear of crime, living in such an area serves as a warning to suspicious persons or strangers. Finally, Security Town residents put a certain confidence in the security, which is maintained by regional council.

著者

木田 勇輔

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2016, no.34, pp.106-123, 2016-09-03 (Released:2017-11-01)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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Populism is one of the most critical issues in Japanese urban politics. This case study examines urban populism through an urban regime analysis of the urban politics of Nagoya city, which has experienced populist politics since Mayor Kawamura took office in 2009.    The most crucial point of this case study is the disintegration of the urban regime of Nagoya in the late 1990s. During the 1980s, this regime restructured itself with developmental and distributive politics. Business leaders supported developmental policies such as the conducting of mega events and building of public facilities. City politicians practiced machine politics and influenced the mayors. Such an urban regime lasted from the early 1980s to mid-1990s.    However, the regime disintegrated in the late 1990s due to the weakening of machine politics. Politicians lost their power to mobilize voters, making voter behavior unpredictable. This created a power vacuum and made it easy for political leaders to get popular support through populist mobilization. In 2009, Mayor Kawamura was elected with over 500,000 votes (58.57%), and since then, Nagoya has experienced a political confrontation between the mayor and city politicians. This disintegration of the urban regime produced urban populism in the city.    Populism is often considered to be a driver of political changes. However, in this case study, a rearrangement of the city regime brought about urban populism. This study indicates a potential for studies comparing the urban politics of Japan through urban regime analyses.

著者

木田 勇輔

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.30, pp.59-75, 2013-09-01 (Released:2014-03-07)

参考文献数

24

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In recent years, modern radical leaders have been elected in some representative metropolitan municipalities in Japan, such as Tokyo, Osaka, Yokohama, and Nagoya. This article studies a case of Nagoya city, and analyses radical reformist mayor's electoral base. As a result of analysis of survey data, we obtain some empirical findings. (1) The effect of basic social categories is not so strong, but young voters tend to approve Kawamura's job. (2) Not only supporters of Democratic Party, but also active non-partisans approve Kawamura's job, and voters' reformist identity is also significant for job approval. (3) Political organization members and government sector workers don't approve Kawamura's job. In modern Japanese cities, the system has weakened which enables parties to get voters' support through various groups and organizations. A large number of urban voters often demand political reform. This article shows the social base of today's urban political antagonism.

著者

青木 秀男

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2005, no.23, pp.57-73, 2005-09-05 (Released:2011-02-07)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

永井 良和

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.16, pp.73-88, 1998-07-25 (Released:2011-02-07)

参考文献数

37

著者

川野 英二 木田 勇輔 原田 謙

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, no.40, pp.1-7, 2022-09-05 (Released:2023-09-16)

参考文献数

7

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At the 2021 annual conference of the Japan Association for Urban Sociology, we held a symposium on “Neighborhood Effects and Cities in Japan.” Although we planned this symposium as an international one, the pandemic of Covid-19 made it impossible to invite presenters from abroad. Thus we invited three leading researchers in this field living in Japan to the symposium. The three presenters referred to some important topics such as ethnographic research, urban subcultures, urban crimes, neighborhood disorder, health inequalities, and deprivation. The presentations and the discussion raise some important questions. (1) What contexts are important in the research of neighborhood effects? (2) What kind of social process works in neighborhood effects? (3) How can we measure neighborhood environments in the context of social research? We expect that this symposium stimulates theoretical and empirical research on neighborhood effects in the field of urban sociology.

著者

林 浩一郎

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.28, pp.183-200, 2010 (Released:2011-12-20)

参考文献数

49

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Tama New Town was planned in 1965 and developed according to the New Residential Town Development Law, which forbids farming in the town area. Consequently, most farmers in Tama Hill bandoned farming . However, the dairy farmers in the No. 19 area (Hachioji, Tokyo) had continued to oppose the development. A number of factors favored the dairy farmers, who were dedicated to defending the use of their land. In particular, the agricultural production capacity and pride in the historic origin contributed to the success of the movement. Furthermore, in 1973, land acquisition in the No. 19 area was stopped due to the oil crisis. The dairy farmers' movement was supported by the Japanese Communist Party, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government labor union, various experts, and New Town residents' environmental movements. In 1983, the Ministry of Construction and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government exempted the dairy farmers' land from the planning area, guaranteeing that it would not be incorporated into the urbanization control area. In addition, builders agreed to an investigation by a team of experts who supported the dairy farmers' movement; the team proposed the rural-urban housing.    However, the 1983 decision to claim the dairy farmers' land was only the beginning of Nakasone's administrative reform. The outbreak of the oil crisis averted the compulsory purchase of the dairy farmers' land, and the Japanese government and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government faced a fiscal crisis and had to adopt policies based on economic rationalism. As a result, in 1986, the Housing and Urban Development Corporation carried out compulsory purchases of land that were being used for sericulture. A subsequent series of policies led to the end of the dairy farmers' protest movement, and the Housing and Urban Development Corporation purchased the land of conservative landowners in the No. 19 area. The purchases demolished the solidarity among the dairy farmers, sericulturists, regional planners, and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government labor union, who had intended to realize th rural-urban housing.

著者

仙波 希望

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2016, no.34, pp.124-142, 2016-09-03 (Released:2017-11-01)

参考文献数

35

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Aioi Street in Hiroshima, also known as “Genbaku Slum”, used to be one of the largest squatter settlements in Japan. This street was never put on the map, but it expanded its scale as “Peace City” Hiroshima was gradually reconstructed. This paper examines the process how Aioi Street was named “Genbaku Slum”, seen as the object of elimination and replaced with the area of high-rise apartments called “New City”.    In 1964, the term “Genbaku Slum” first appeared in Chugoku Shinbun, the local newspaper in Hiroshima. Tsukasa Nitoguri, who was one of the key players for reconstruction of Hiroshima, invented the term and used it for the issue of the Atomic Bomb Survivors' Assistance actions. At that time, this term was used to describe 6000 wooden temporary houses scattered in the city, and not just in Aioi Street.    This situation changed in 1967. First, Chugoku Shinbun ran the feature stories about “Genbaku Slum” and defined Aioi Street as the only “Genbaku Slum” in the city. Those stories seemed to bruit tragic life there. Second, from 1966, the afforestation project along rivers was initiated by Hiroshima-city, that involved forcible eviction of residents in the squatter settlements. This afforestation nearly completed by 1967 except in Aioi Street. On the map in the blueprint in1967, Aioi Street was left blank in contrast to the other areas that were marked as the plan completed.    In conclusion, through both semantic reduction by Chugoku Shinbun, and leaving Aioi Street aside from the focused location of forcible eviction, Aioi Street became known as “Genbaku Slum”.

著者

下村 恭広

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2011, no.29, pp.77-92, 2011-09-07 (Released:2012-12-19)

参考文献数

23

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This paper attempts to clarify the characteristics of small independent retailers of second-hand clothing and examines the factors of its agglomeration in Tokyo. The number of second-hand clothing stores in Tokyo grew dramatically in the 1990s. The growth was accompanied by the spatial concentration in several commercial areas including Koenji, where many small young independent retailers opened shops. Grounded in research in Koenji, this article shows that the agglomeration formed thorough the interplay of the globalizing second hand market, formation of subcultural consumption, and the change of the social structure of the local business community.

著者

大和 冬樹

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, no.40, pp.158-173, 2022-09-05 (Released:2023-09-16)

参考文献数

41

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This paper examines the effects of living in a disadvantaged neighborhood on university enrollment in Japan. Since Wilson published “The Truly Disadvantaged” in 1987, the effects of living in a disadvantaged neighborhood have been recognized as neighborhood effects in sociological research on urban poverty. In Japan, many case studies have reported the existance of neighborhood effects on educational attainments in disadvantaged neighborhoods. On the other hand, due to shortage of quantitative studies, it has not been clear to what extent the neighborhood effects work in Japan, and whether this phenomenon can be confirmed in general throughout Japan. In this paper, I use a longitudinal study conducted in Japan and analyze the effect of living in a disadvantaged neighborhood using propensity score matching and stratification-multilevel model to examine the extent to which living in a disadvantaged neighborhood suppresses university enrollment rate and whether living in a disadvantaged neighborhood has heterogeneous effects. The results confirm that the neighborhood effects exist widely in Japan as well, and that living in a disadvantaged neighborhood suppresses the university enrollment rate by 12.3 percentage points, and that living in a disadvantaged neighborhood suppresses university enrollment to a greater extent for those who have characteristics that make them more likely to live in a disadvantaged neighborhood.

著者

栗原 真史

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2021, no.39, pp.40-55, 2021-09-04 (Released:2022-09-07)

参考文献数

22

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This paper examines how urban redevelopment has emerged in area T, Tokyo citycentre from the 1980s to the 2000s through the perspective of land transactions. Throughout the 1980s, due to the rapid rise in land prices, large-scale redevelopment boom occurred, and the city-centre faced many of land acquisition called “jiage” and a declining population. Although the bursting of the bubble economy in the 1990s temporarily overshadowed the redevelopment boom, it revived because of the “urban renaissance” policy and the deployment of neoliberal urbanism in the 2000s.     Previous research tends to focus on the redevelopment project without paying much attention to the agents who acted on the individual land transactions. Nevertheless, individual transactions are part of and essential to the overall changes in area T. As a result, some questions on land ownership and agents involved remain: To whom the land ownership changed to whom at which period? What was the connection between those transactions and the emergent of urban redevelopment? The paper sets out to examine the assemblages of those land transactions through the lens of “terrain.” It delineates the relationship between these neglected agents and the emergence of the urban redevelopment.     This paper analyzes all land transactions (823 cases) made since the 1980s in area T using the database created by 144 land real estate registries. Besides real estate capital and landowners, “dealers” entering the scene of “jiage” in the 1980s and “liquidation actors” who managed to act on freeze land in the 1990s were also actors in the urban redevelopment. These findings suggest that it is meaningful to examine urban redevelopment as a long-term phenomenon through the approach of land transactions analysis as land transactions are centre to the urban and regional restructuring process.

著者

高木 恒一

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1999, no.17, pp.23-37, 1999-07-03 (Released:2011-02-07)

参考文献数

15

著者

上野 淳子

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.28, pp.201-217, 2010 (Released:2011-12-20)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1 2

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This paper aims to examine the changing nature of the Japanese and Tokyo's political system, which have driven spatial reformation and resulted in socio-spatial polarization in Tokyo after the bubble economy burst.    By analyzing the policy changes, this paper reveals three points. Firstly, the destruction of inter-area redistribution system and the new market-oriented, urban development policy demonstrate the neoliberalizaion of Japanese “developmental state.” The government has reduced “inefficient” public investment in rural area and concentrated investment in Tokyo to promote large-scale development project by private firms. Though the Japanese government has still guided development, the political system became different from a “developmental state.”    Secondly, spatial reformation of Tokyo has been enabled through neoliberal reformation in other realm by Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG). TMG has placed top priority on spatial reformation to become a “Global City” at the expense of welfare, medical services and education.    Finally, fiscal crisis and fear of losing international status have urged the Japanese government and TMG for neoliberal reform. Tokyo's deteriorating competitiveness will continue to provide a further motive for exploring neoliberal strategies.

著者

浦野 正樹

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2016, no.34, pp.7-24, 2016-09-03 (Released:2017-11-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2 1

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In this paper we focused on the settlement process and mobility after the Great East-Japan Earthquake 2011. The experiences of people affected by the tsunami just after the Great Earthquake which attacked especially one of the most depopulated areas in Japan show a lot of problems of evacuation for aged and/or handicapped people.    There the percentage of aged people over 65-year-old was much higher than the average throughout the country, and the death rate of aged people caused by the tsunami was much higher. This meant that the devastated situation after this disaster symbolize the future of disaster impact in Japan.    Based on the analysis of the evacuation process we can find what we ought to prepare in advance for natural disasters. In order to find the way to cope with the situation we have to pay more attention to the long-term forming processes of vulnerability and resilience and to the reduction cycle of the effects of natural disasters in the areas. That is because the difficulties of their evacuation processes are closely related to the difficulties they experienced in their everyday lives, their familyʼs living conditions and their social vulnerability. They might be reluctant to evacuate to the place where they didnʼt think they could keep their health and feel relieved. So we have to consider in advance what kind of care we could do and what situation would develop there. In regard to this point we may well think about the lifestyle of multi-habitation as one lifestyle people can choose pre/during/after the severe event.

著者

高 鮮徽

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, no.12, pp.48-50, 1994 (Released:2011-02-07)

著者

田中 研之輔

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2011, no.29, pp.143-159, 2011-09-07 (Released:2012-12-19)

参考文献数

39

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Rethinking the methodology of the Chicago school of urban ethnography, this paper focuses on the research trends on the Berkeley school of contemporary urban ethnography. Berkeley school of the contemporary urban ethnography constructed five points of methodological renovation compared with the Chicago school. First, it develops the field method from single-case and single-place to single-case and multi-places [Sánchez-Jankowski, 1991 and 2008]. Furthermore, it proposes the multi-case method [Burawoy,2008] renovates the single case -multi-places method. Third, in Chicago school of urban ethnography, the duration of the field research go to from couples of years to few decades. Forth, epistemological and technical renovation that fieldworkers conduct the research style changes from the visit to the revisit. Fifth, it seeks to theoretically informed methodology. The role of theory in ethnography is not only to analyze the raw materials and to pretend to discover theory “grounded" in the field, but also to integrate the theoretical implications actively at every step in the construction of the object [Wacquant, 2002]. Finally, most importantly, it proposes the new dimensions of a reflexive model of science combined and reconstruct the positive science [Wacquant, 2002. and Burawoy, 2003].

著者

中谷 友樹

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, no.40, pp.43-58, 2022-09-05 (Released:2023-09-16)

参考文献数

55

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This article introduces studies in health geography and social epidemiology about the geographical variations in health observed at the neighbourhood scales and the accumulation of neighbourhood effects research, particularly related to deprivation amplification in Japan. It is considered that, in Japanese society as in Western societies, neighbourhood effects, which occur through the geographical concentration of socioeconomic disadvantage, may work as a spatial-social process that contributes to the shaping of social inequalities in health. However, it is necessary to question what kinds of and how neighbourhood effects, have contributed to emerged social inequalities in health in the context of Japanese urban spaces. It is also crucial to deepen understanding of the mechanisms and historical processes by which they are established through selective migration and environmental changes for effectively tackling the urban problems of health inequalities. The main challenges are (1) to advance systematic analysis of the socioeconomic disparities or determinants of neighbourhood environments, which contribute to a large extent to social inequalities in health, and (2) to consider a temporal and spatial perspective of health inequalities due to neighbourhood effects within cities, with a view to the history of environmental change and residential mobility.

著者

青木 秀男

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2005, no.23, pp.57-73, 2005

被引用文献数

1

著者

丸山 真央

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.28, pp.219-235, 2010 (Released:2011-12-20)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

1 1

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Since the late 1980s, many urban restructuring researchers interested in Tokyo have inquired impacts of economic globalization approached by world/global city hypothesis. This paper reviews these researches and clarifies research agenda for transformation of urban restructuring in Tokyo under the impact of neoliberal state reform in the late 1990s and 2000s. Some researchers, especially with Regulationist approach, have pointed out Tokyo's particularity of urban economic and social structure derived from the postwar Japanese “Toyotaist” regulatory regime and the Japanese “developmental” state, compared with New York and London under the North Atlantic Fordist regime and Keynesian welfare state. However, Japanese postwar regime and state have started changing since the crash of bubble economy and the economic turmoil in the “lost decade”. Company welfarism in Toyotaist regime has collapsed and the state apparatus in developmental state has experienced drastic restructuring in the late 1990s and 2000s. For understanding the urban restructuring of Tokyo under the impact of neoliberalism, we must capture the regime shift, state restructuring, and these effects to the economic and social structure of the city. Therefore, we focus attention on theoretical and methodological framework of “neoliberalizing city” researches by European and American urban scholars. This paper makes a point of the potential utility of this framework and discusses some points for the Japanese “neolibelarizing” urban restructuring.

著者

町村 敬志

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2017, no.35, pp.5-22, 2017-09-05 (Released:2018-09-05)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3

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Why and how has Tokyo experienced a huge increase in the number of high-rise buildings, called “tower-block gentrification” by P. Waley, in a relatively short period? This article analyzes the historical process of the city's vertical expansion since the 1980s, by showing four step-by-step stages of speculation on real estate. During the 1980s, that is, “economic bubble” era, Tokyo witnessed a sudden big wave of redevelopment (Step 1). Inner-city working community with old factories and warehouses were invaded and destroyed by capital. Yet, after the burst of the bubble in the early 90s, a sharp downturn of land price hit real estate market. Alternately, local governments entered into high-rise construction, pushed by “crisis-driven” deregulation and neoliberal private-public partnership policy (Step 2). And then, a turning point was marked in the history of Tokyo's building construction. During the first decade of the new century twice number of high-rise buildings were finished as in 1990-99. Such a change was accelerated by the mixture of financialization of real estate market, state-led neoliberal policy, and making of ʻlivable city' image fitting to differentially gentrified high-rise buildings (Step 3). Global financial crisis in 2007-8 hit local market, resulting in the failure of nearly all independent agents for realestate financialization. In the 2010s, high-rise construction began to increase again after a break, pushed by back-to-city migration, state-led “special zone” policy, and the boom of 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. But the market structure has changed, becoming more oligopolistic (Step 4). Four top real estate company groups occupied more than a third of newly established high-rise buildings. It is unclear whether such a process of transformation might be unique to Japanese cities or not. Tokyo has to survive with a huge number of tower-block constructions.