著者

Hidetaka Itoh Hidehiro Kaneko Hiroyuki Kiriyama Yuriko Yoshida Koki Nakanishi Yoshiko Mizuno Masao Daimon Hiroyuki Morita Yutaka Yatomi Nobutake Yamamichi Issei Komuro

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.48728, (Released:2019-06-22)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

23

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Aim: Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) frequently coexist and are both important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the pathophysiological role of obesity without MetS, also referred to as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), remains unclear. In this study, we aim to clarify the effect of MHO on the development of carotid plaque using a community-based cohort.Methods: We examined 1,241 subjects who underwent health checkups at our institute. Obesity was defined by a body mass index of ≥ 25.0 kg/m2. Subjects were divided into three groups: non-obese, MHO, and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO).Results: The prevalence of carotid plaque, defined as intima-media thickness (IMT) ≥ 1.1 mm, was higher in subjects with MUO and MHO than in non-obese subjects. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that MHO (odds ratio 1.6, p=0.012) and MUO (odds ratio 1.9, p=0.003) as well as age of ≥ 65 years, male sex, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were independently associated with carotid plaque formation. A similar trend was observed in each subgroup according to age and sex.Conclusions: MHO increased the prevalence of carotid plaque when compared with non-obese subjects, suggesting the potential significance of MHO in the development of subsequent cardiovascular diseases.

著者

Wei-Syun Hu Cheng-Li Lin

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.48835, (Released:2019-06-22)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

7

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Aim: The objective was to compare the rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) onset in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) compared to controls.Methods: Using a large number of samples extracted from nationwide cohort data in Taiwan, the authors used a propensity-matching procedure and multivariable Cox models to assess the risk of AF by CHD.Results: A cohort of 19,439 CHD patients and a propensity-matched cohort of 19,439 control patients were included in this study. The cumulative incidence of AF was significantly higher in the CHD cohort than in the non-CHD cohort (p<0.001). After controlling for confounding factors, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of AF was 4.23 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.31–5.41) in the CHD cohort, compared to the non-CHD cohort.Conclusions: A significant association between CHD and AF risk was found.

著者

Yuyan Liu Akira Fujiyoshi Hisatomi Arima Aya Kadota Sayaka Kadowaki Takashi Hisamatsu Itsuko Miyazawa Keiko Kondo Ikuo Tooyama Katsuyuki Miura Hirotsugu Ueshima for the SESSA Research Group

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.47977, (Released:2019-05-15)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

3

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Aim: Computed tomography (CT) can directly provide information on body compositions and distributions, compared to anthropometric indices. It has been shown that various obesity indices are associated with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). However, whether CT-based obesity indices are stronger than anthropometric indices in association with atherosclerosis remains to be determined in a general population.Methods: We cross-sectionally assessed carotid IMT using ultrasound in 944 community-dwelling Japanese men free of stroke and myocardial infarction. CT image at the L4–L5 level was obtained to compute areas of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Anthropometric measures assessed included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Using multivariable linear regression, slopes of IMT per 20th to 80th percentile of each index were compared. We also compared the slope of index with simultaneous adjustment for BMI in the same model.Results: Areas of VAT and SAT were positively associated with IMT, but not stronger than those of anthropometric indices in point estimates. Among all obesity indices, BMI was strongest in association with IMT after adjusting for age and lifestyle factors or further adjusting for metabolic factors. In simultaneous adjustment models, BMI, but not CT-based indices, remained significant and showed the strongest association.Conclusions: In community-dwelling Japanese men, anthropometric obesity indices, BMI in particular, were more strongly associated with carotid atherosclerosis than CT-based obesity indices. The association of general obesity with carotid atherosclerosis was strong and adding CT-based obesity measure did not considerably influence in the association.

著者

Enric Sánchez Àngels Betriu Andree Yeramian Elvira Fernández Francesc Purroy Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre Reinald Pamplona Eva Miquel Mohsen Kerkeni Cristina Hernández Rafael Simó Albert Lecube on behalf of the ILERVAS project ILERVAS Project: Marta Hernández Ferran Rius Dinora Polanco Ferran Barbé Gerard Torres Guillermo Suárez Manuel Portero-Otin Mariona Jové Laura Colàs-Campàs Ikram Benabdelhak Cristina Farràs Marta Ortega José Manuel Valdivielso Marcelino Bermúdez-López Montse Martínez-Alonso

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.47498, (Released:2019-03-06)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

9

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Aim: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have been involved in the atherogenic process in the high-risk population. The goal of this study was to demonstrate that AGEs are related to subclinical atheromatous disease in subjects with low to moderate vascular risk.Methods: A cross-sectional study in which 2,568 non-diabetic subjects of both sexes without cardiovascular disease were included. Subcutaneous content of AGEs was assessed by skin autofluorescence (SAF) and subclinical atheromatous disease was measured by assessing the atheromatous plaque burden in carotid and femoral regions using ultrasonography. In addition, serum pentosidine, carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and AGE receptors (RAGE) were assessed in a nested case-control study with 41 subjects without plaque and 41 individuals subjects with generalized disease.Results: Patients with atheromatous plaque had a higher SAF than those with no plaque (1.9 [1.7 to 2.3] vs. 1.8 [1.6 to 2.1] arbitrary units (AU), p<0.001). The SAF correlated with the total number of affected regions (r= 0.171, p<0.001), increasing progressively from 1.8 [1.6 to 2.1] AU in those without atheromatous disease to 2.3 [1.9 to 2.7] AU in patients with ≥ 8 plaques (p<0.001). A correlation was also observed between SAF and the total plaque area (r=0.113, p<0.001). The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was 0.65 (0.61 to 0.68) for identifying male subjects with atheromatous disease. The multivariable logistic regression model showed a significant and independent association between SAF and the presence of atheromatous disease. However, no significant differences in serum pentosidine, CML, and RAGE were observed.Conclusions: Increased subcutaneous content of AGEs is associated with augmented atheromatous plaque burden. Our results suggest that SAF may provide clinically relevant information to the current strategies for the evaluation of cardiovascular risk, especially among the male population.

著者

Hung Hsu Powen Hsu Ming-Hui Cheng Yasuki Ito Eiichiro Kanda Ernst J Schaefer Masumi Ai

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.48330, (Released:2019-02-07)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

20

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Aims: Prediabetes and diabetes are associated with increased insulin resistance and decreased insulin production, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Our goals were to assess lipoprotein subfractions using novel assays in such subjects.Methods: Fasting normal, prediabetic, and diabetic Taiwanese men and women (n=2,049) had their serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL3-C, apolipoprotein E-HDL-C, direct low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C), LDL-TG, and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) levels measured using novel assays. HDL2-C, LDL-C, and large-buoyant LDL-C (lbLDL-C) were calculated.Results: Prediabetic male and female subjects had significantly higher levels of TG, RLP-C, sdLDL-C, the sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio, and LDL-TG than normal subjects, and statin treatment abolished this effect in men, but not in women. Diabetic male and female subjects had significantly higher TG and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratios, and significantly lower levels of HDL-C, HDL2-C, HDL3-C, and apoE HDL-C than normal subjects, as did prediabetic women. Median direct LDL-C levels were >100 mg/dL in all groups, even in those receiving statin therapy. Calculated LDL-C significantly underestimated direct LDL-C by >10% in diabetic subjects.Conclusions: Our data indicate that prediabetic subjects were more likely to have significantly elevated RLP-C, sdLDL-C, and LDL-TG, while diabetic subjects were more likely to have significantly decreased HDL-C, HDL2-C, HDL3-C, and apoE HDL-C than normal subjects, and calculated LDL-C significantly underestimated their direct LDL-C. In our view, direct LDL-C and sdLDL-C should be measured and optimized in both diabetic and prediabetic subjects to reduce CVD risk.

著者

Tsuyoshi Nozue Takeshi Takamura Kazuki Fukui Kiyoshi Hibi Satoru Kishi Ichiro Michishita

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.47621, (Released:2018-12-20)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

4 6

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Aim: Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) accurately diagnoses ischemic lesions of intermediate stenosis severity. However, significant determinants of FFRCT have not been fully evaluated.Methods: This was a sub-analysis of the Treatment of Alogliptin on Coronary Atherosclerosis Evaluated by Computed Tomography-Based Fractional Flow Reserve trial. Thirty-nine diabetic patients (117 vessels) with intermediate coronary artery stenosis [percent diameter stenosis (%DS) <70%] in whom FFRCT was measured were included in this study. CCTA-defined, vessel-based volumetric and morphological characteristics of plaques were examined to determine their ability to predict FFRCT.Results: Patient-based, multivariate linear regression analysis showed that hemoglobinA1c, triglycerides, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate were significant independent factors associated with FFRCT. Vessel-based, univariate linear regression analysis showed that the total atheroma volume (r=−0.233, p=0.01) and the percentage atheroma volume (PAV) (r=−0.284, p=0.002) as well as %DS (r=−0.316, p=0.006) were significant determinants of FFRCT. Among the plaque components, significant negative correlations were observed between FFRCT and low- (r=−0.248, p=0.007) or intermediate-attenuation plaque volume (r=−0.186, p=0.045), whereas calcified plaque volume was not associated with FFRCT. In the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), the plaque volume of each component was associated with FFRCT.Conclusions: Plaque volume, PAV, and %DS were significant determinants of FFRCT. Plaque morphology, particularly in LAD, was associated with FFRCT in diabetic patients with intermediate coronary artery stenosis.

著者

Hiroyasu Iso

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.83-88, 2011 (Released:2011-02-24)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

53 124

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The aim was to give on overview of the profile of cardiovascular disease, vascular pathology and the relationships between lifestyle and cardiovascular disease in Japanese. Compared with the United States and Europe, the higher mortality from stroke and lower mortality from coronary heart disease constitute a unique cardiovascular profile for Japan.A selective review of population-based pathology, trend and prospective cohort studies was performed to clarify the characteristics of cardiovascular disease and vascular pathology, trends in the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease, and the relationships between lifestyle and cardiovascular disease among Japanese adults. Since the 1970s, mortality from coronary heart disease as well as stroke has declined substantially in Japan, probably due to a major decline in blood pressure levels and for men a more recent decline in smoking, in spite of an increase in body mass index and total cholesterol levels. However, the decline in mortality was smaller and plateaued in middle-aged men aged 30-49 in the metropolitan cities of Tokyo and Osaka. The incidence of coronary heart disease has increased among middle-aged men residing in the suburbs of Osaka. As for the associations between lifestyle and cardiovascular disease, higher sodium, lower calcium and lower animal protein content in the diet and for men higher alcohol consumption may account for the higher prevalence of hypertension and higher risk of stroke for Japanese than for western populations. On the other hand, lower saturated fat (meat) and higher n3 polyunsaturated fat (fish) in the Japanese diet may contribute to the lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and lower risk of coronary heart disease among Japanese.Japan is unique among developed countries in that coronary heart disease mortality has been low and has continued to decline, while stroke mortality has declined substantially. However, a recent trend for coronary heart disease incidence to increase among urban men is a cause for concern as a potential source of future problems for public health and clinical practice in Japan.

著者

Chika Okada Hironori Imano Kazumasa Yamagishi Renzhe Cui Mitsumasa Umesawa Koutatsu Maruyama Isao Muraki Mina Hayama-Terada Yuji Shimizu Tomoko Sankai Takeo Okada Masahiko Kiyama Akihiko Kitamura Hiroyasu Iso for the CIRCS Investigators

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.44438, (Released:2018-06-13)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

7

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Aims: The frequency of breakfast intake has been reported to be inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular events; however, it is uncertain what the impact of the energy and nutrient intakes from breakfast are. We assessed the association between these intakes from breakfast and the risk of stroke prospectively.Methods: In a baseline survey of four Japanese communities between 1981 and 1990, we enrolled 3 248 residents (1 662 men and 1 586 women) aged 40–59 years who were free from stroke and heart disease and who responded to the 24-hour dietary recall survey. We assessed the dietary intake at breakfast, lunch, dinner, and other times separately.Results: During the median 25-year follow-up, 230 individuals (147 men and 83 women) developed stroke. After adjustment for age, community, other dietary intakes, and lifestyle and physiological factors, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of intracerebral hemorrhage for the highest versus lowest quartiles of energy intake from breakfast were 0.38 (0.15–0.99) in men and 1.36 (0.36–5.10) in women. For the major nutrients, a higher saturated or monounsaturated fat intake at breakfast was associated with a reduced risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in men, and remained statistically significant after further adjustment for intake of other major nutrients from breakfast.Conclusions: A higher intake of energy from breakfast, primarily saturated or monounsaturated fat, was associated with a reduced risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in Japanese men.

著者

Kenji Sakata Tadatsugu Gamou Hayato Tada Kenshi Hayashi Hidekazu Ino Masakazu Yamagishi Masa-aki Kawashiri behalf of the MILLION Study Group

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.44255, (Released:2018-09-21)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3

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Aim: The prospective, randomized, multicenter Myocardial Ischemia Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Plaque Regression by Lipid Lowering & Blood Pressure Controlling assessed by Intravascular Ultrasonography (MILLION) study demonstrated that combined treatment with atorvastatin and amlodipine enhanced coronary artery plaque regression. Although the baseline high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) reportedly plays an important role in atherogenesis, few data exist regarding the relationship between hs-CRP and plaque regression in patients receiving a combined atorvastatin and amlodipine therapy.Methods: A total of 68 patients (male, 55; mean age, 64.2 years) with baseline and follow-up 3-dimensional intravascular ultrasound examinations in the MILLION study were stratified by baseline hs-CRP level quartiles. The serial measurements of lipid, blood pressure, and percentage changes in the plaque volume were compared between the groups, and the factors associated with the percentage change in the plaque volume were assessed.Results: There were no significant between-group differences in the extent of change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or systolic and diastolic blood pressure after 18–24 months of treatment. The percentage change in the plaque volume showed a linear association with the baseline hs-CRP (p for trend <0.05); however, there was no correlation with changes in LDL-C or systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In the multiple regression analysis, the baseline hs-CRP level was independently associated with the percentage change in the plaque volume (β=0.29, p=0.022).Conclusions: Coronary plaque regression was associated with the baseline hs-CRP level in patients treated with a combined lipid- and blood pressure-lowering therapy.

著者

Yasuyuki Sasaguri Akihide Tanimoto

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.3, pp.122-130, 2004 (Released:2004-07-09)

参考文献数

73

被引用文献数

30 40

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The atherosclerotic intimal lesion contains endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes, which constitute a histamine-cytokine network that participates in chronic inflammatory responses. Monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes express the histamine-producing enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC), and specific histamine receptors (HHR), which are switched from HH2R to HHR1 during macrophage differentiation. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells also express HHR in response to histamine. The effects of histamine on these cells include a regulation of atherosclerosis-related events such as cell proliferation, expression of matrix metalloproteinase, adhesion molecules and cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies have indicated that histamine and the activation of its specific receptors modulate the Th1/Th2 balance in inflammatory lesions through the regulation of cytokine production from inflammatory cells. The histamine-cytokine network in the atherosclerotic intima could regulate inflammatory and immune responses, including Th1/Th2 balance, and contribute to atherogenesis.

著者

Momoko Muto Osamu Ezaki

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.5, pp.375-392, 2018-05-01 (Released:2018-05-01)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

17

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Aim: The associations between dietary saturated fatty acids and the risks of stroke subtypes in cohort studies were examined by a meta-analysis of separate ethnic Japanese and non-Japanese cohorts, and causes of their difference were elucidated.Method: Log hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of the highest versus the lowest saturated fat intake from cohort studies were weighed by an inverse variance method to combine HRs.Results: Five studies of intracerebral hemorrhage and 11 studies/comparisons of ischemic stroke were selected. A meta-analysis of intracerebral hemorrhage excluding subarachnoid hemorrhage showed a strong inverse association in Japanese (n=3, HR=0.55, 95% CI 0.32–0.94) but not in non-Japanese (n=2, HR=0.98, 95% CI 0.62–1.53). A meta-analysis of ischemic stroke showed a mild inverse association in Japanese (n=4, HR=0.82, 95% CI 0.71–0.93) but not in non-Japanese (n=7, HR= 0.93, 95% CI 0.84–1.03). The effect size of saturated fat in reducing the risk of stroke in Japanese was stronger for intracerebral hemorrhage (45% reduction) than for ischemic stroke (18% reduction).Conclusions: In Japanese but not in non-Japanese, a diet high in saturated fat is associated with a low risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. This may be due to differences in the range of intake of saturated fat, genetic susceptibility, incidence of lacunar infarction, and/or confounding factors such as dietary proteins. An intervention study targeting Japanese will be required to verify the causality.

著者

Hayato Tada Atsushi Nohara Akihiro Inazu Nagahiko Sakuma Hiroshi Mabuchi Masa-aki Kawashiri

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.RV17024, (Released:2018-07-20)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

87

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Sitosterolemia is a rare inherited disease characterized by increased levels of plant sterols, such as sitosterol. The cause of this disease is ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily G member 5 or member 8 (ABCG5 or ABCG8, respectively) gene mutations. Recent advances in genetics have revealed that the prevalence of subjects with deleterious mutations in ABCG5 and/or ABCG8 genes could be more than 1 in ~200,000 individuals among the general population. Furthermore, accumulated evidence, including infantile cases exhibiting progression/regression of systemic xanthomas associated with LDL cholesterol levels, have shown that the elevation of LDL cholesterol seems to be the major cause of development of atherosclerosis and not the elevation of sitosterol. Regarding therapies, LDL apheresis, as well as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, could be useful for sitosterolemia, in addition to ezetimibe and/or colestimide. In this study, we provide the current understanding and future perspectives of sitosterolemia, which is currently considered an extremely rare disorder but is expected to be much more prevalent in clinical settings.

著者

Yusuke Takahara Tomotake Tokunou Toshihiro Ichiki

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.8, pp.698-708, 2018-08-01 (Released:2018-08-01)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

17

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Aim: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors lower blood glucose levels through inhibition of incretin degradation, which stimulates insulin secretion. Recent studies reported that DPP-4 inhibitors suppressed atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoEKO) mice. In this study, we investigated whether teneligliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, affects the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in ApoEKO mice.Methods: ApoEKO mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and infused with angiotensin (Ang) II by osmotic mini pumps for 4 weeks to induce AAA with (DPP-4i group) or without (control group) teneligliptin administered orally from 1 week before HFD and Ang II infusion to the end of the experiment. Confluent rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were serum-starved for 48 hours, then incubated with or without teneligliptin for another 24 hours and stimulated with Ang II.Results: Treatment with teneligliptin significantly reduced the AAA formation rate (30.7% vs. 71.4% vs. control, P<0.05), aortic dilatation (1.32±0.09 mm vs. 1.76±0.18 mm in the control, P<0.05) and severity score (0.75±0.28 vs. 1.91±0.4 in the control, P<0.05). Elastin degradation grade was also attenuated in DPP-4i group (2.83±0.17 vs. 3.45±0.16 in the control, P<0.05). The number of macrophages infiltrating into the abdominal aorta was decreased in the DPP-4i group (51.8± 29.8/section vs. 219.5±78.5/section in the control, P<0.05). Teneligliptin attenuated Ang II-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt, and mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in VSMCs.Conclusion: Treatment with teneligliptin suppressed AAA formation in ApoEKO mice with HFD and Ang II infusion. Suppression of macrophage infiltration by teneligliptin may be involved in the inhibition of AAA formation.

著者

Hoichi Amano Yoshiharu Fukuda Takashi Yokoo Kazue Yamaoka

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.42036, (Released:2018-03-27)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

16

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Aim: Shift workers have a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Systemic inflammation measured has been associated with the risk of CVD onset, in addition to classical risk factors. However, the association between work schedule and inflammatory cytokine levels remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between work schedule and interleukin-6 (IL-6)/high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels among Japanese workers.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was a part of the Japanese Study of Health, Occupation and Psychosocial Factors Related Equity (J-HOPE). A total of 5259 persons who measured inflammatory cytokine were analyzed in this study. One-way analysis of variance was used to test log-transformed IL-6/hs-CRP differences by work schedule. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the difference adjusted for other possible CVD risk factors.Results: There were 3660 participants who had a regular work schedule; the remaining schedules were shift work without night work for 181 participants, shift work with night work for 1276 participants, and only night work for 142 participants. The unadjusted model showed that only night workers were significantly related to high levels of IL-6 compared with regular workers. Even in the multiple regression analysis, the higher level of IL-6 among only night workers remained significant (β=0.058, P=0.01). On the contrary, hs-CRP was not.Conclusion: The present study revealed that only night shift work is significantly associated with high levels of IL-6 in Japanese workers. These observations help us understand the mechanism for the association between work schedule and CVD onset.

著者

Hideyuki Kanda Peiyu Wang Tomonori Okamura GaoWa Wuyun HePing Wu Xiulan Su Takehito Hayakawa Kenji Amamoto Hirotsugu Ueshima

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1012090325-1012090325, (Released:2010-12-10)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

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Aim: The World Health Organization (WHO) includes insulin resistance among its criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, previous epidemiologic studies have limited their research to settled populations only. This study aims to clarify the relationship between plasma insulin and metabolic factors on a broader scale by studying data obtained from nomadic and settled Mongolian populations.Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiologic study of 200 nomads and 256 farmers was performed in Inner Mongolia, Republic of China. Plasma insulin levels and other metabolic factors, such as blood pressure, serum lipids and obesity, were measured. Participants were classified into 3 categories according to their plasma insulin levels.Results: Cut-off values grouped into tertiles of fasting insulin for all participants were 6.73 nmol/L and 10.33 nmol/L. The mean number of metabolic risk factors, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose and triglyceride were higher, and the mean HDL cholesterol was lower in the higher fasting insulin tertile among farmers after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, alcohol drinking and total cholesterol. However, no MetS factors were statistically related with fasting insulin tertile levels among nomads.Conclusions: In nomads, hyperinsulinemia may not be an indicator of MetS due to their specific life-style.

著者

Hongxian Wu Qiuna Du Qiuyan Dai Junbo Ge Xianwu Cheng

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.111-123, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

参考文献数

105

被引用文献数

75

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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is an inflammatory disease characterized by extensive arterial wall matrix protein degradation. Cysteine protease cathepsins play a pivotal role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and have been implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis-based cardiovascular diseases. An imbalance in expression between cathepsins (such as cathepsins S, K, L, C) and their inhibitor cystatin C may favor proteolysis of ECM in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis, aneurysm formation, restenosis, and neovascularization. New insights into cathepsin functions have been made possible by the generation of knockout mice and by the application of specific inhibitors. Inflammatory cytokines regulate the expression and activities of cathepsins in cultured vascular cells and macrophages. In addition, evaluations of the possibility of cathepsins as a diagnostic tool revealed that the circulating levels of cathepsin S, K, and L, and their endogenous inhibitor cystatin C could be promising biomarkers in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, aneurysm, adiposity, peripheral arterial disease, and coronary artery calcification. In this review, we summarize the available information regarding the mechanistic contributions of cathepsins to ASCVD.

著者

Akihiro Nomura Hayato Tada Atsushi Nohara Masa-aki Kawashiri Masakazu Yamagishi

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.42960, (Released:2018-01-20)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

7

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Aim: Sitosterolemia is an extremely rare, autosomal recessive disease characterized by high plasma cholesterols and plant sterols because of increased absorption of dietary cholesterols and sterols from the intestine, and decreased excretion from biliary tract. Previous study indicated that sitosterolemic patients might be vulnerable to post-prandial hyperlipidemia, including high remnant-like lipoprotein particles (RLP) level. Here we evaluate whether a loading dietary fat increases a post-prandial RLP cholesterol level in sitosterolemic patients compared to heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemic patients (FH).Methods: We recruit total of 20 patients: 5 patients with homozygous sitosterolemia, 5 patients with heterozygous sitosterolemia, and 10 patients with heterozygous FH as controls from May 2015 to March 2018 at Kanazawa University Hospital, Japan. All patients receive Oral Fat Tolerance Test (OFTT) cream (50 g/body surface area square meter, orally only once, and the cream includes 34% of fat, 74 mg of cholesterol, and rich in palmitic and oleic acids. The primary endpoint is the change of a RLP cholesterol level after OFTT cream loading between sitosterolemia and FH. We measure them at baseline, and 2, 4, and 6 hours after the oral fat loading.Results: This is the first study to evaluate whether sitosterolemia patients have a higher post-prandial RLP cholesterol level compared to heterozygous FH patients.Conclusion: The result may become an additional evidence to restrict dietary cholesterols for sitosterolemia. This study is registered at University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN ID: UMIN000020330).

著者

Atsushi Shioi Yuji Ikari

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.RV17020, (Released:2017-12-12)

参考文献数

69

被引用文献数

170

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Plaque calcification develops by the inflammation-dependent mechanisms involved in progression and regression of atherosclerosis. Macrophages can undergo two distinct polarization states, that is, pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype in progression and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in regression. In plaque progression, predominant M1 macrophages promote the initial calcium deposition within the necrotic core of the lesions, called as microcalcification, through not only vesicle-mediated mineralization as the result of apoptosis of macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), but also VSMC differentiation into early phase osteoblasts. On the other hand, in plaque regression M2 macrophages are engaged in the healing response to plaque inflammation. In association with the resolution of chronic inflammation, M2 macrophages may facilitate macroscopic calcium deposition, called as macrocalcification, through induction of osteoblastic differentiation and maturation of VSMCs. Oncostatin M, which has been shown to promote osteoblast differentiation in bone, may play a pivotal role in the development of plaque calcification. Clinically, two types of plaque calcification have distinct implications. Macrocalcification leads to plaque stability, while microcalcification is more likely to be associated with plaque rupture. Statin therapy, which reduces cardiovascular mortality, has been shown to exert its dual actions on plaque morphology, that is, regression of atheroma and increment of macroscopic calcium deposits. Statins may facilitate the healing process against plaque inflammation by enhancing M2 polarization of macrophages. Vascular calcification has pleiotropic properties as pro-inflammatory “microcalcification” and anti-inflammatory “macrocalcification”. The molecular mechanisms of this process in relation with plaque progression as well as plaque regression should be intensively elucidated.

著者

Yoshihide Yamanashi Tappei Takada Ryoya Kurauchi Yusuke Tanaka Toko Komine Hiroshi Suzuki

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.4, pp.347-359, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-04-03)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

44

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Humans cannot synthesize fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin E and vitamin K. For this reason, they must be obtained from the diet via intestinal absorption. As the deficiency or excess of these vitamins has been reported to cause several types of diseases and disorders in humans, the intestinal absorption of these nutrients must be properly regulated to ensure good health. However, the mechanism of their intestinal absorption remains poorly understood. Recent studies on cholesterol using genome-edited mice, genome-wide association approaches, gene mutation analyses, and the development of cholesterol absorption inhibitors have revealed that several membrane proteins play crucial roles in the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Surprisingly, detailed analyses of these cholesterol transporters have revealed that they can also transport vitamin E and vitamin K, providing clues to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the intestinal absorption of these fat-soluble vitamins. In this review, we focus on the membrane proteins (Niemann-Pick C1 like 1, scavenger receptor class B type I, cluster of differentiation 36, and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) that are (potentially) involved in the intestinal absorption of cholesterol, vitamin E, and vitamin K and discuss their physiological and pharmacological importance. We also discuss the related uncertainties that need to be explored in future studies.

著者

張 念中 河合 祥雄 岡田 了三

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

動脈硬化 (ISSN:03862682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.5, pp.1185-1191, 1987

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Mental stress from one's occupational circumstances is considered an important risk factor in the occurrence of myocardial infarction. However, because of difficulty in quantitative evaluation of such stress, this issue has not been fully studied. In the present work, we investigated the relationship between deaths from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and occupation using data from the series of the Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan, in which autopsy cases throughout Japan are described. With regard to the 56, 268 persons who died at the age of 15 or older in 1973, 1974 and 1975, i. e., the year of economic depression due to the first oil shock and the years before and after the oil shock, we compared (I) the mortalities from AMI and frequencies of such deaths among all autopsy cases in Japan in relation to the occupational group in the three years and (II) the mortalities from AMI according to the occupation among 3, 241 randomly selected deaths in the three years. The mortality from AMI for 1973, 1974 and 1975 was 2.6%, 3.7% and 3.0%, respectively, showing a significantly higher value for 1974 (p<0.001). Among persons who died from AMI, the proportion of mental workers, particularly executives and managers, and unemployed/retired individuals was significantly higher (p<0.05) in 1974. As for randomly selected autopsy cases, the mortalities from AMI among mental workers in 1973, 1974 and 1975 were 7.8%, 17.0% and 6.2%, respectively, and the corresponding rates among physical workers were 2.0 %, 1.8% and 2.6%. Thus, the mortality among mental workers was significantly increased in 1974 (p<0.05), whereas there were no such variations among physical workers. In addition to the corroboration with the previous experience that deaths from AMI are more frequent among mental workers, particularly executives and managers, than among physical workers, we noted an increase in moratlity from AMI in the period of economic depression. It seems that stress derived from occupational circumstances rather than limited physical activities is involved in the occurrence of AMI.