著者

Xiaoyu CHEN Fuxian YU Zhiwei ZHU Jing HUANG Liang ZHANG Jianzhi PAN

出版者

The Society for Reproduction and Development

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-060, (Released:2021-10-16)

---

Hormonal products have been developed for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) to improve the efficiency of swine production. Here, we evaluated the effect of an FTAI protocol initiated during different phases of the estrous cycle on follicle development and ovulation in gilts. A total of 36 gilts were equally divided into three groups designated as the luteal (L), follicular (F), and post-ovulation (O) groups and fed with 20 mg of altrenogest for 18 days, followed by intramuscular injection of 1000 IU PMSG at 42 h after withdrawal of altrenogest, and 100 μg of GnRH after an 80-h interval. The L group had the highest number of follicles 4–6 mm in diameter, as well as corpora hemorrhagica. The mRNA expression of caspase-9 in the L group were significantly lower than those in the O and F groups (P < 0.05), while CYP11A1 and VEGF mRNA expression levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Moreover, FSHR mRNA levels were significantly higher in the O group than in the L, F, and control groups (P < 0.05). LHCGR and CYP19A1 mRNA levels were the highest in the F group (P < 0.05). Thus, the changes in the expression of genes associated with follicular development, maturation, and ovulation identified in this study indicated that initiation of the FTAI protocol during the luteal phase induced a better environment for follicle development and ovulation in gilts.

著者

Kaiyu KUBOTA Masafumi MIWA Ken-Go HAYASHI Misa HOSOE Miki SAKATANI

出版者

The Society for Reproduction and Development

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-087, (Released:2021-10-14)

被引用文献数

2

---

In cow herd management, inadequate embryo implantation leads to pregnancy loss and causes severe economic losses. Thus, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying endometrial receptivity and subsequent embryo implantation. Transmembrane glycocalyx mucin 1 (MUC1) has a large and highly glycosylated extracellular domain known to inhibit embryo implantation via steric hindrance. The role of MUC1 in the bovine endometrium remains to be explored. Herein, we used simple but reliable in vivo and in vitro experiments to investigate the expression and regulation of MUC1 in the bovine endometrium. MUC1 gene expression was analyzed in endometrial epithelial cells collected by the cytobrush technique using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MUC1 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of endometrial samples collected from slaughtered cows. We used an in vitro cell culture model to study the regulation of MUC1 expression by treating cells with sex steroidal hormones or co-culturing cells with a blastocyst. The results revealed that MUC1 was expressed and localized to the apical surface of luminal epithelial cells in the bovine endometrium. MUC1 expression disappeared during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle and during pregnancy. 17β-estradiol induced MUC1 expression, whereas progesterone inhibited its increase and co-culturing with blastocysts did not affect the expression. A long postpartum interval is a known risk factor for reduced fertility, and MUC1 expression was higher in this compromised condition. Our results demonstrated the MUC1 regulation by steroid hormones in bovine endometrium for embryo implantation, and we observed a negative correlation between MUC1 expression and fertility.

著者

Taiga YAMAZAKI Satoru KOBAYAKAWA Kazuo YAMAGATA Kuniya ABE Tadashi BABA

出版者

The Society for Reproduction and Development

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.5, pp.1035-1041, 2007 (Released:2007-10-31)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

11 13

---

To elucidate the molecular dynamics of HP1β in mouse preimplantation embryos, we examined the localization, dynamics, and mobility of HP1β in the (pro)nucleus by live cell imaging. Time-lapse observation revealed that the chromatin association of HP1β is regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. HP1β was localized in the interphase nucleus and was dynamically dissociated from the nucleus during the metaphase stage. The HP1β assembly and clustered heterochromatin structure were both found in the nuclei of 2-cell and later-stage embryos. Moreover, fluorescent recovery after photobleaching analysis implied that HP1β is more freely mobile in the pronucleus of the 1-cell embryo than in the 4-cell nucleus. These results suggest that the chromatin configuration may be regulated by the stability and mobility of chromatin-associated proteins including HP1β during early embryonic stages.

著者

Kenji NARUSE Yan-Shi QUAN Su-Min CHOI Chang-Sik PARK Dong-Il JIN

出版者

The Society for Reproduction and Development

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.679-684, 2007 (Released:2007-07-07)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

8 8

---

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of minimum essential medium (MEM) vitamins during in vitro maturation (IVM)/in vitro culture (IVC) of porcine nuclear transfer (NT) embryos on subsequent developmental capacity in vitro. Porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were divided into five groups, matured for 44 h in maturation medium with various concentrations of MEM vitamins (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4%), and observed for maturation rate. Also, COCs were matured in NUSU-23 media without MEM vitamins for 44 h and cultured in PZM-3 media with various concentrations of MEM vitamins (0, 0.05, 0.4 and 1.0%) for 6 days following nuclear transfer. Factorial (IVM/IVC) experiments were also performed in NCSU-23 medium with or without 0.05% MEM vitamins and PZM-3 medium with or without 0.4% MEM vitamins. They were then tested by examining in vitro development of the porcine reconstructed embryos. The maturation rates of the COCs treated with the MEM vitamins did not differ significantly among the MEM vitamin-treated groups. Addition of vitamins to culture medium did not affect development of porcine reconstructed embryos in vitro. However, addition of low concentrations of MEM vitamins only to maturation medium increased (P<0.05) the proportion of NT embryos developing into blastocysts compared with the control group. Addition of MEM vitamins to IVC medium did not enhance the developmental rate compared with the control group. Thus, addition of MEM vitamins to IVM medium could improve subsequent blastocyst development of porcine NT embryos.

著者

Fernando LÓPEZ-GATIUS Irina GARCIA-ISPIERTO Ronald H.F. HUNTER

出版者

The Society for Reproduction and Development

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-022, (Released:2021-05-30)

被引用文献数

3

---

This study sought to establish whether temperature gradients between the cervix, vagina, and rectum at and 7 days post-artificial insemination (AI) were associated with the incidence of pregnancy in lactating dairy cows (Experiment I; n = 90 ovulating cows) and to evaluate temperature gradient dynamics from the time of insemination to 7 days post-AI under heat stress conditions (Experiment II; n = 16 ovulating and 4 non-ovulating cows). In Experiment I, 39 cows (43.3%) became pregnant. The odds ratio for pregnancy was 2.5 for each one-tenth of a degree drop in cervical temperature with reference to the control rectal temperature at the time of AI (P = 0.01), whereas the same decrease in the cervix–rectum temperature differential 7 days post-AI resulted in ana odds ratio of 0.44 (P = 0.02). In Experiment II, 5 of the ovulating cows (31.3%) became pregnant. The mean values of the vagina–rectum, vagina–cervix, and cervix–rectum temperature differentials at AI (day 0), 8 h, 24 h, and 7 days post-AI changed significantly from day 0 to day 7 (within-subject effect; P < 0.02) in ovulating cows but not in non-ovulating cows. Temperature differentials on days 0 and 7 were similar between ovulating cows and cows of Experiment I. Overall, our findings support the notion that a temperature differential between the caudal cervical canal and rectum at AI may be an indicator of the likelihood of pregnancy. Possible prospects of confirming estrus at the herd-level are also suggested.

著者

Ken SAWAI

出版者

The Society for Reproduction and Development

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-031, (Released:2021-04-27)

被引用文献数

3

---

In mammalian embryos, the first visible differentiation event is the segregation of the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) during the transition from the morula to the blastocyst stage. The ICM, which is attached to the inside of the TE, develop into the fetus and extraembryonic tissues, while the TE, which is a single layer surrounding the fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel, will provide extraembryonic structures such as the placenta. ICM/TE differentiation is regulated by the interaction between various transcriptional factors. However, little information is available on the segregation of the ICM and TE lineages in preimplantation embryos of domestic animals, such as cattle and pigs. This review focuses on the roles of cell differentiation factors that regulate the ICM/TE segregation of preimplantation bovine and porcine embryos. Understanding the mechanism of cell differentiation in early embryos is necessary to improve the in vitro production systems for bovine and porcine embryos.

著者

Shuai SUN Shota YANO Momo O NAKANISHI Michiko HIROSE Kazuhiko NAKABAYASHI Kenichiro HATA Atsuo OGURA Satoshi TANAKA

出版者

The Society for Reproduction and Development

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-119, (Released:2021-03-20)

被引用文献数

4

---

Mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) can differentiate into trophoblast cells, which constitute the placenta. Under conventional culture conditions, in a medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4), and heparin and in the presence of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) as feeder cells, TSCs maintain their undifferentiated, proliferative status. MEFs can be replaced by a 70% MEF-conditioned medium (MEF-CM) or by TGF-ß/activin A. To find out if KnockOutTM Serum Replacement (KSR) can replace FBS for TSC maintenance, we cultured mouse TSCs in KSR-based, FBS-free medium and investigated their proliferation capacity, stemness, and differentiation potential. The results indicated that fibronectin, vitronectin, or laminin coating was necessary for adhesion of TSCs under KSR-based conditions but not for their survival or proliferation. While the presence of FGF4, heparin, and activin A was not sufficient to support the proliferation of TSCs, the addition of a pan-retinoic acid receptor inverse agonist and a ROCK-inhibitor yielded a proliferation rate comparable to that obtained under the conventional FBS-based conditions. TSCs cultured under the KSR-based conditions had a gene expression and DNA methylation profile characteristic of TSCs and exhibited a differentiation potential. Moreover, under KSR-based conditions, we could obtain a suspension culture of TSCs using extracellular matrix (ECM) coating-free dishes. Thus, we have established here, KSR-based culture conditions for the maintenance of TSCs, which should be useful for future studies.

著者

Anders JOHANNISSON Essraa M. AL-ESSAWE Anas Kh. AL-SAFFAR Saeid KARKEHABADI Isabel LIMA-VERDE Manuela WULF Christine AURICH Jane M. MORRELL

出版者

The Society for Reproduction and Development

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.215-221, 2020 (Released:2020-06-12)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3 7

---

The mechanism by which the content of the major groups of seminal plasma proteins in stallion semen changes between the breeding and non-breeding seasons remains unknown. Here, we investigated the proportions of non-heparin-binding, phosphorylcholine-binding, and heparin-binding proteins in seminal plasma with the aim of relating them to sperm quality and testosterone levels in good and bad freezer stallions. Only minor variations in the major protein groups were found between the breeding and non-breeding seasons. In the non-breeding season, a higher content of a subset of non-heparin binding proteins as well as of heparin-binding proteins was found. Analysis of semen characteristics revealed a somewhat contrasting picture. While only minor variations in sperm kinematics and sperm morphology were found between seasons, the flow-cytometric measurements of mitochondrial membrane potential and also, to some extent, reactive oxygen species production indicated lower sperm quality in the breeding season. Chromatin integrity and testosterone levels were unchanged between seasons. The results suggest that stallion ejaculates could be used year-round for freezing, since only minor differences in protein composition exist between the breeding and non-breeding seasons, as well as between good and bad freezers. In addition, sperm quality is not impaired during the non-breeding season.

著者

Jason E. SWAIN

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.4, pp.551-555, 2011 (Released:2011-09-06)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

3 8

---

Elevated CO2 is required for in vitro embryo culture to maintain proper media pH and to supply embryo metabolic pathways. As an alternative to current approaches using gas cylinders, we examined use of a chemical reaction to supply CO2. A closed culture system was constructed and chemicals added to generate CO2, which was then supplied to developing embryos. This system was shown to provide a stable pH (7.2-7.4) over 4 days of use. One-cell mouse embryos were cultured in the device and no difference in blastocyst formation or cell number was apparent between embryos grown in a closed system with CO2 supplied by a chemical reaction or positive controls grown in a an open system in a CO2 incubator. This approach provides a highly purified, inexpensive, and easily obtainable gas source and offers potential for development of new, self-contained culture platforms.

著者

樋口 広芳

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.j127-j133, 1995 (Released:2010-10-20)

被引用文献数

1 2

---

鳥類には,他の鳥の巣に卵を産みこみ,その後の抱卵や育雛をその巣の主にまかせてしまう托卵習性をもつものがいる.そうした鳥の代表,カッコウ属(Cuculus)のカッコウ類の托卵習性について調べてみると,この類のメスは,托卵相手の産卵期の巣にやってきて,巣内の卵を1個抜きとったあと,自分の卵を1個産みこむ.1羽のメスが1巣に托卵するのは1卵だけである.産卵に費やす時間は,数秒から10秒前後と非常に短い.産み込む卵は,托卵相手の卵より少し大きく,色や模様がよく似ている傾向がある.孵化したヒナは,孵化後数時間以上経つと,巣内の卵あるいはヒナを1つずつ背中にのせてすべて巣外に押し出す.これらの特徴はどれも,托卵を成功に導くこと,あるいはより効率よいものにすることにかかわっている.カッコウ類の1羽のメスが1繁殖期に産む,あるいは産卵可能な卵の数は,数個から25個と一般鳥類に比べて多い.これは,巣づくりや育雛から解放されることによって,その分のエネルギーを卵形成にふり向けることができるからだと思われる.

著者

Rei INOUE Kana HARADA Sayaka WAKAYAMA Masatoshi OOGA Teruhiko WAKAYAMA

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-059, (Released:2020-06-06)

被引用文献数

7

---

Mouse oocytes are generally collected after euthanasia. However, if oocytes were collected without euthanasia, then mice could be used to collect oocytes again after recovery. This condition is especially useful for mice that are genotypically rare. In this study, we examined the reusability of mice after collecting oocytes via a surgical operation. When oocytes were collected using medetomidine/midazolam/butorphanol combination anesthesia and examined for the quality of oocytes after in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), they could develop to full term at the same rate as controls. When oocytes were collected from those mice a second time, the average number of oocytes was reduced by nearly 1/3. However, the blastocyst and offspring rates of those oocytes after IVF or ICSI were the same as those of the control regardless of the recovery day period. Although GV oocytes can be collected from all reused mice, the final number of offspring did not increase. Interestingly, when oocytes were collected from the front position of the ampulla, 76% of the oviducts possessed oocytes after reuse, and the average number of oocytes significantly increased to a level comparable to that of the control. Finally, we examined whether reused mice can be used as recipient females, and then healthy offspring were obtained similarly as the control recipients. In conclusion, we provide a new method to collect a sufficient number of oocytes from reused mice without concern.

著者

Ho-Geun JEGAL Hyo-Jin PARK Jin-Woo KIM Seul-Gi YANG Min-Ji KIM Deog-Bon KOO

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-013, (Released:2020-04-22)

被引用文献数

5

---

Ruthenium red (RR) inhibits calcium (Ca2+) entry from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria, and is involved in maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis in mammalian cells. Ca2+ homeostasis is very important for further embryonic development of fertilized oocytes. However, the effect of RR on mitochondria-Ca2+ (mito-Ca2+) levels during in vitro fertilization (IVF) on subsequent blastocyst developmental capacity in porcine is unclear. The present study explored the regulation of mito-Ca2+ levels using RR and/or histamine in fertilized oocytes and their influence on blastocyst developmental capacity in pigs. Red fluorescence intensity by the mito-Ca2+ detection dye Rhod-2 was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in zygotes 6 h after IVF compared to mature oocytes. Based on these results, we investigated the changes in mito-Ca2+ by RR (10 and 20 μM) in presumptive zygotes using Rhod-2 staining and mito-Ca2+ uptake 1 (MICU1) protein levels as an indicator of mito-Ca2+ uptake using western blot analysis. As expected, RR-treated zygotes displayed decreased protein levels of MICU1 and Rhod-2 red fluorescence intensity compared to non-treated zygotes 6 h after IVF. Blastocyst development rate of 20 μM RR-treated zygotes was significantly increased 6 h after IVF (P < 0.05) due to improved mitochondrial functions. Conversely, the blastocyst development rate was significantly decreased in histamine (mito-Ca2+ inhibitor, 100 nM) treated zygotes (P < 0.05). The collective results demonstrate that RR improves blastocyst development in porcine embryos by regulating mito-Ca2+ and MICU1 expression following IVF.

著者

Jinsha LIU Keiji MOCHIDA Ayumi HASEGAWA Kimiko INOUE Atsuo OGURA

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.117-127, 2018 (Released:2018-04-13)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

5

---

Although it is known that the susceptibility of mouse spermatozoa to freezing-thawing varies greatly with genetic background, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, to map genetic regions responsible for the susceptibility of spermatozoa to freezing-thawing, we performed in vitro fertilization using spermatozoa from recombinant inbred mice derived from the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J strains, whose spermatozoa showed distinct fertilization abilities after freezing. Genome-wide interval mapping identified two suggestive quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with fertilization on chromosomes 1 and 11. The strongest QTL on chromosome 11 included 70 genes at 59.237260–61.324742 Mb and another QTL on chromosome 1 included 43 genes at 153.969506–158.217850 Mb. These regions included at least 15 genes involved with testicular expression and possibly with capacitation or sperm motility. Specifically, the Abl2 gene on chromosome 1, which may affect subcellular actin distribution, had polymorphisms between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J that caused at least three amino acid substitutions. A correlation analysis using recombinant inbred strains revealed that the fertilization rate was strongly correlated with the capacitation rate of frozen-thawed spermatozoa after preincubation. This result is consistent with the fact that C57BL/6J frozen-thawed spermatozoa recover their fertilization capacity following treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin to enhance sperm capacitation. Thus, our data provide important clues to the molecular mechanisms underlying cryodamage to mouse spermatozoa.

著者

Longquan REN Mohamed S. MEDAN Mariko OZU Chunmei LI Gen WATANABE Kazuyoshi TAYA

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0601130020, (Released:2006-01-16)

被引用文献数

20 29

---

The effect of induced cryptorchidism on testicular function and sperm motility was investigated. Bilateral cryptorchidism was created surgically in adult male rats (treated group), and sham-operated rats were used as a control group. Five rats from each group were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after surgery. The percentage of motile spermatozoa began to decrease 1 day after the operation, followed by an abrupt decline 3 and 5 days later in cryptorchid rats. Furthermore, there were significant decreases in the other sperm motility parameters 5 days after inducement of cryptorchidism. In cryptorchid rats, plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, testosterone, and inhibin B were significantly lower than in the control group 1 day after the operation. Thereafter, plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, and testosterone gradually increased in the cryptorchid rats. On the other hand, plasma concentrations of inhibin B showed a further decline from day 3 after the operation onward. Concentrations of immunoreactive (ir)-inhibin, but not testosterone, in testicular interstitial fluid were remarkably increased until 3 days after surgery in the cryptorchid rats, and declined thereafter. Testicular response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for testosterone release was decreased in the cryptorchid rats compared with the control rats, indicating that heat stress to testes resulted in a reduction of the activity of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells. These results clearly indicate that heat stress to the testes resulted in a significant reduction of sperm activity within 3 days, and this was followed by changes in testicular endocrine function.

著者

木村 武二

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.j121-j125, 1995 (Released:2010-10-20)

---

世界的にみた行動学の発展の歴史と対照してみると,わが国における行動学の発展はかなり特殊な経緯をたどって来たし,研究対照やアプローチに関しても未だに偏りが見られる.これらについて概観するとともに,特に脊椎動物を対象とした行動研究の現状と将来の展望について私見を述べた.

著者

Kanako MOROHAKU

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.4, pp.281-287, 2019 (Released:2019-08-09)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

7

---

Eggs are female germ cells that are required for producing offspring through sexual reproduction. In mammals, eggs are produced in the ovary and ovulated into the oviduct. It is well known that over 99% of eggs are degenerated without ovulation, so that many studies have attempted in vitro folliculogenesis to produce many eggs in different species for a few decades. Although many methods have been developed, a success of in vitro egg production with the resultant live birth of offspring has been limited, especially in livestock animals. More recently, we have succeeded in producing live pups derived from in vitro/ex vivo egg production in mice. This review aims to introduce our recent findings with a brief history of in vitro/ex vivo culture systems for follicles and ovaries.

著者

岡部 勝 伊川 正人 山田 秀一 中西 友子 馬場 忠

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.6, pp.j19-j25, 1997 (Released:2010-10-20)

被引用文献数

1 2

---

オワンクラゲ類のもつ蛍光蛋白質は総称してGreen Fluorescent Proteinと呼ばれている.Aequorea victorea(和名:発光オワンクラゲ)のGFPは分子量27 Kdaの蛋白質で,アミノ酸残基65番目のserinと67番目のglycinのペプチド結合部位が脱水縮合を起こした後に酸化されて発色団を形成し蛍光蛋白質となる.この構造変化は酸素以外に特別な因子を必要とせず,蛍光は細胞を観察するだけでよい.外来遺伝子としてGFP遺伝子を導入すると,蛍光をもつ培養細胞,植物,線虫,ハエ,魚,マウスなどが得られる.現在では人工的に作製された,緑,青,黄色など種々の波長の蛍光を出す多くの変異体があり,今後,実験動物の分野で新しいマーカーとして使用される例が増えるものと予想される.本稿では我々の作製したトランジェニックマウスを中心にGFPの応用例を述べる.

著者

Islam M. SAADELDIN Ayman Abdel-Aziz SWELUM Mona ELSAFADI Amer MAHMOOD Syed Hilal YAQOOB Musaad ALFAYEZ Abdullah N. ALOWAIMER

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2018-073, (Released:2019-02-14)

被引用文献数

14

---

All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A and has pleiotropic actions on many different biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, and is involved in different aspects of fertility and developmental biology. In the current study, we investigated the effects of RA on camel (Camelus dromedarius) cumulus-oocyte complex in vitro maturation (IVM). IVM medium was supplemented with 0, 10, 20, and 40 µM RA. Application of 20 µM RA significantly reduced the proportion of degenerated oocytes and significantly improved oocyte meiosis and first polar body extrusion compared to the control and other experimental groups. Retinoic acid significantly reduced the mRNA transcript levels of apoptosis-related genes, including BAX and P53, and reduced the BAX/BCL2 ratio. In addition, RA significantly reduced the expression of the Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway-related transcripts associated with the actin cytoskeleton, ACTA2 and TAGLN; however, RA increased TGFβ expression in cumulus cells. The small molecule SB-431542 inhibits the TGFβ pathway by inhibiting the activity of activin receptor-like kinases (ALK-4, ALK-5, and ALK-7); however, combined supplementation with RA during IVM compensated for the inhibitory effect of SB-431542 on cumulus expansion, oocyte meiosis I, and first polar body extrusion in activated oocytes. The current study shows the beneficial effects of RA on camel oocyte IVM and provides a model to study the multifunctional mechanisms involved in cumulus expansion and oocyte meiosis, particularly those involved in the TGFβ pathway.

著者

Kazuki TAKAHASHI Pablo J. ROSS Ken SAWAI

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2019-039, (Released:2019-04-25)

被引用文献数

9

---

Zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 4 (Zscan4) is a gene that is specifically expressed during zygotic genome activation (ZGA) in mouse preimplantation embryos, and a reduction of Zscan4 transcripts leads to developmental failure. In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Zscan4 is expressed transiently in as little as 1–5% of the cell population. Zscan4 has also been shown to enhance the efficiency of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generation and their quality. Although ZSCAN4 plays important roles in murine embryos and stem cells, its expression and role in bovine embryos is unknown. This study examines ZSCAN4 transcripts in bovine embryos at various developmental stages and attempts to elucidate the functions of ZSCAN4 during bovine preimplantation development. ZSCAN4 transcripts were found to be upregulated at the 8- and 16-cell stages. We next attempted ZSCAN4 downregulation in bovine early embryos by RNA interference and evaluated developmental competency and transcripts levels of genes involved in ZGA and iPSCs generation. Although the bovine embryos injected with ZSCAN4-siRNA could develop to the 8-cell stage, very few were developing beyond the 16-cell stage. PIWIL2 expression was reduced in ZSCAN4 downregulated embryos. It is possible that ZSCAN4 downregulated embryos fail to regulate gene expression during ZGA. Our results indicate that ZSCAN4 is an important factor for the preimplantation development of bovine embryos.

著者

森 裕司

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.j155-j157, 1995 (Released:2010-10-20)

---

動物行動学とは,動物の示す様々な行動の多様性と統一性を明らかにし動物の行動原理を解きあかそうとする学問領域であり,行動の発現機構や,行動の機能すなわち動物が生存し繁殖していく上でその行動が持つ意味,あるいは行動の発達や進化などについて実に様々な視点から研究が展開されている.本稿では,動物行動学の成り立ちとその発展の経緯について概説し,畜産学や獣医学といった応用動物科学分野における動物行動学の現状と今後の課題について考察する.