著者

渡辺 宗孝 岩田 清二

出版者

The Japanese Society for Animal Psychology

雑誌

動物心理学年報 (ISSN:00035130)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.75-82, 1956-04-25 (Released:2009-10-14)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

17 15

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(1) ダンゴムシにおいては交替性転向反応が明らかに認められる。(2) 予め撰択的に転向させた場合と強制的に転向させた場合とでは, その後の撰択反応に差が認められない。(3) 撰択反応に先んじて, 同じ方向に強制的に2回転向せしめた場合には, 1回だけ転向せしめた場合に比較して, 交替性が更に高率に現われる。(4) 先行転向1回の場合には, 撰択点と先行転向点との間の距離が増すに従つて交替性が減少し, 距離を16cmにすると対照との問に有意の差が認められなくなる。(5) 先行転向2回の場合には, 撰択点とその直前の転向点との間の距離を増大せしめたときのみならず, 両先行転向点間の距離を増大せしめても交替性が減少する。しかしこれらの場合直線路を16cmとしても, 猶その前の転向の影響が見られる。(6) 以上の結果はいづれもHULLの反応性制止の原則を是認すれば, それから期待されることである。

著者

子安 ひかり 永澤 美保

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.27-34, 2019 (Released:2019-10-02)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

5

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For animals living in groups such as some primates including humans and wolves, it is important to recognize the gaze of others and change their behavior accordingly. Dogs, which have a common ancestor with wolves, gained the ability to read human's gaze even though they are different species in the process of domestication. Although cats are originally solitary animals, cats sharing their living space with humans are frequently observed in modern days. Recent study showed that cats are likely to be able to detect the human gaze directed to themselves. In this study, we examined whether cats are able to recognize the human gaze and whether to change their behavior according to it. We investigated whether cats show different behaviors depending on the direction of the human gaze. As a result, when humans looked at the cats, the time which the cats looked back at the humans was shorter, regardless of familiarity and distance with the humans and the social situation. Also, when humans look at cats when the distance between individuals is short, the eyeblink frequency of cats increases. From these facts, it was shown that cats could recognize directedgaze from humans and change their behavior accordingly.

著者

狩野 文浩 佐藤 侑太郎 山梨 裕美

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.71.1.1, (Released:2021-01-14)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3

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We introduce a unique art-science collaboration project organized by contemporary artists and comparative psychologists at Kyoto City Zoo in 2019. The objectives of this project were to evaluate how chimpanzees and humans respond to movies created by professional artists and to contribute to an outreach event at the zoo by demonstrating the entire research process to the public. We asked the artists to make short movies 'for chimpanzees' and presented those movies to chimpanzee and human participants while tracking the participants' eye movements using an eye-tracker. Both chimpanzees and humans looked at similar elements of movies, such as appearance of animal figures, targets of actions, and the center of abstract concentric figures. The differences between chimpanzees and humans were also pronounced; for example, human showed strong 'center bias' by keeping their gaze around the center of the screen, while chimpanzee did so to a lesser extent. This study not only offered comparative knowledge about responses to (artistic) movies in chimpanzees and humans but demonstrated how non-scientists can learn comparative psychology through an outreach project.

著者

高橋 奈々 瀬口 瑛子 伊澤 栄一

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.71.1.2, (Released:2021-02-05)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

---

Altruistic behaviour, such as allogrooming and allofeeding, has been suggested to be crucial for maintenance of cooperative relationship especially between non-kin individuals. Monogamous pair-bond, which is widespread in birds, is a form of cooperation for breeding between a male and a female. Many previous studies reported that altruistic behaviour within pair-bonds occurred primarily from males to females. However, most of those findings were obtained from the observations during the breeding season, and therefore it remains unknown what sex-different patterns of altruistic behaviour occur outside the breeding season for life long monogamous birds. The present observation study investigated sex differences of altruistic behaviour within pair-bonds outside the breeding context in a life-long monogamy, large-billed crows (Corvus macrorhynchous). Specifically, frequency of allopreening and allofeeding were compared between sexes and also between pair-bonds. We found that frequency of both behaviour was different between sexes, and inconsistent within and between pair-bonds. Our findings suggest that altruistic behaviour within pair-bonds may occur asymmetrically between sexes but vary between pair-bonds in large-billed crows.

著者

齋藤 慈子 篠塚 一貴

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.187-197, 2009

被引用文献数

1

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Compared with dogs (<I>Canis familiaris</I>), the social cognitive abilities of cats (<I>Felis catus</I>) have not received much research attention, probably because cats are not considered to be as social as dogs. However, cats have in fact developed sociality in conspecifics and, needless to say, cat-human relationships after their domestication. This paper initially considers the reasons behind the underestimation of cats' social abilities, and then reviews social behavior among conspecifics and in the cat-human relationship. Several studies have provided evidence that cats possess social intelligence. Since their intelligence is considered to be expressed in different context from that of dogs, methods different from those used to study dogs are therefore needed for investigating their social abilities. Appropriate experiments or devices will undoubtedly unravel the high social intelligence of cats.

著者

伊藤 秀一 八代 梓 松本 充史 木村 嘉孝

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.1-7, 2019 (Released:2019-10-02)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

---

Until recently, Japanese zoological gardens have primarily been considered as entertainment facilities. However, their roles in wildlife research, education and species conservation are becoming increasingly important. It has been shown that zoo animals exhibit abnormal behaviours and stress responses, which are concerns from both research and animal welfare perspectives. Therefore, attempts have been made to introduce new exhibition or management techniques to ensure that particular behaviours are displayed and to keep the animals occupied. However, the effects of these actions on zoo animals have not been sufficiently verified. In this article, we introduced the research that our team recently conducted at a zoo and will discuss other activities that were carried out at the zoos, ending with suggestions for future research directions.

著者

荒川 礼行 荒川 圭子

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.73.2.1, (Released:2023-10-04)

参考文献数

46

---

Empirical studies on behavior using animal models provide irreplaceable tools for dissecting intricate neural circuits into multiple output modules that concomitantly regulate segmented components of behavior. Recent technical advancement in the manipulation and measurement of neural cell/circuit activities in freely behaving animals allow us to bridge the gap between neural processes and behavior expression. While neural signals are processed on the second timescales, the nature of behavior is time-consuming effort to gain interaction with environmental stimuli for adaptation. Therefore, a bundle of neural activities cannot simply represent entire behavioral processes, but rather segmented behavior components. Hence, we must reconsider how such bundles compose total outputs forming functional set of behavior, and thus, how integrated behavior can be broken into neural modular components, such as sensory detection, element recognition, behavior drive, and action/movement execution, by neural activity timescale units. Our refined protocol on behavioral studies is more effective in terms of determining what we observe in animal behavior and how we interpret neuro behavior relationship for vital contribution to basic and translational studies.

著者

川島 菫 池田 譲

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.91-99, 2019 (Released:2019-12-18)

参考文献数

42

---

Octopuses, a member of molluscan class, possess well-developed nervous system such as lens eyes that is anatomically similar to our own, and the relative proportion of brain to body is equivalent to vertebrates. Octopuses are also characterized with their muscular highly sensitive sensory receptors, namely, suckers on their arms. Due to these biological uniqueness, octopuses have been a target for psychological studies and were reported their advanced abilities for learning and memory, which are achieved via visual and tactile perceptions. All of these findings have come from experiments that tested single sensory perception (i.e., visual or tactile). On the other hand, it is known in vertebrates that they can integrate multiple sensory information, by which they can vividly image their environments. In this review, we will briefly introduce our knowledge for biology of octopuses with special reference to their cognition, and we will shed light on an idea for cross-modal perception in octopuses, which is based on our on-going projects for visual and tactile learning, and manipulation of arms in tropical octopuses inhabiting the coastal waters of the Ryukyu Archipelago.

著者

松井 大

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.69-80, 2019 (Released:2019-12-18)

参考文献数

82

被引用文献数

1

---

Animal foraging behaviour has evolved in tight association with diverse forms of body structures species-specifically, because morphology shapes and affects perception, information processing, and subsequent motor control. Primates including humans possess skillful sensorimotor control such as tool-using, utilizing their arm-hand morphology. Birds also are capable of dexterous visually-guided behaviors despite the largely different body structures. This raises a question: what and how the body morphology constrains/facilitates behaviors in birds? The present article reviews research advance of sensorimotor control in birds. Specifically, it would be discussed about pecking, the analogous behavior to reaching and grasping in primates and tool-using. The author would suggest a research direction with the morpho-functional and embodiment views for comparative research on sensorimotor mechanisms underlying the dexterous foraging skills.

著者

井深 信男

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.109-120, 1997-12-15 (Released:2009-10-13)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

狩野 文浩

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.69.1.1, (Released:2019-04-17)

参考文献数

50

---

Birds and primates typically attend to an object of interest using sensitive spots in the retina (i.e. the fovea). Therefore, the direction of their gaze indicates their focus of attention. Recent technological advances in miniature wearable devices allow us to examine birds' gaze behaviors in detail when they are freely moving, and even when they are flying. In this review, I aim to outline current knowledge about how birds use their gaze to attend to an object of interest, and what they are attending to when they are engaging in various natural activities, such as navigation, vigilance, and social interaction. I also aim to outline both strengths and limitations of techniques available for bird gaze-tracking. As a relevant example, I introduce a recent study that utilized Inertial Measurement Unit to examine how pigeons move their gaze while attending to landscapes and flockmates during their homing flights. Overall, I believe that recent sensor technologies offer a promising avenue for examining birds' visual attention and the associated mental processes in natural contexts.

著者

藤田 和生

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.209-215, 1998-12-15 (Released:2009-10-13)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

2

著者

今野 晃嗣 長谷川 壽一 村山 美穂

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.64.1.2, (Released:2014-03-01)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Individual animals show consistent differences in their behavioral tendencies. Some individuals are generally bolder, shyer, or more aggressive than others. This phenomenon is termed as animal personality or behavioral syndrome, and it has been observed in a wide range of animal species. In this article, we review the personality concepts and methodologies that has been used in two major study fields on this topic, i.e. the animal personality psychology and the behavioral syndrome research. Then, we shed light on how we can understand consistency in individual behavioral tendencies and how we can describe individual differences in animal behavior, by focusing on the differences and similarities between two study fields. Finally, we emphasize the importance of evolutionary framework for an integrated understanding of personality in non-human animals.

著者

石田 雅人 渡邉 創太

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.71.2.1, (Released:2021-10-11)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

著者

王 啓 田中 千晶 谷内 通

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.71.1.5, (Released:2021-06-14)

参考文献数

32

---

The present study examined effects of retention and intertrial intervals on proactive interference in the eight-arm radial maze performance in rats. A trial consisted of a forced choice of four arms in a learning phase, retention interval, and a free choice among eight arms in a test phase. In Experiment 1, rats were given two daily trials with 10 s or 1 min. retention intervals between the learning and the test phases and with 5, 30, or 60 min. intertrial intervals. In the 1 min. retention condition, proactive inference indexed by decline in performance from the first trial to the second trial was observed regardless of intertrial intervals. In contrast, such decline in performance was not observed for all the intertrial interval conditions in the 10 s retention condition. In Experiment 2, rats were tested with a 1 min. retention interval and 5 or 120 min. intertrial intervals. Significant proactive interference was observed again for a 5 min. intertrial interval condition replicating the results of Experiment 1. In contrast, proactive interference was eliminated completely by lengthening the intertrial interval to 120 min. These results suggest that discriminability among memories in current and prior trials in terms of elapsed time is a determinant of proactive interference in the radial maze performance in rats.

著者

後藤 和宏 幡地 祐哉

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.70.1.2, (Released:2020-06-23)

参考文献数

23

---

Automated touchscreen-based tasks are increasingly being used to explore a broad range of issues in learning and behavior in mice. Researchers usually report how they train mice before acquiring a target task concisely, and shaping protocols at this stage are typically flexible. In this report, we described a training protocol, developed in our laboratory, for mice acquiring a simultaneous discrimination performance using visual stimuli. C57BL/6N mice were first given magazine training. Nosepoke responses were then authoshaped and maintained on a continuous reinforcement schedule. Self-start response was then introduced in order to measure response time to complete each trial. The stimulus position was also varied across trials. We finally examined the contrast discrimination performance. Mice were tested with four different contrast ratios. Target stimuli were white and black targets and the brightness of distractors had values between targets and background. All mice successfully went through all training stages, confirming that this training protocol is promising for shaping appropriate discriminative behaviors in mice.

著者

永野 茜

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.68.1.2, (Released:2018-02-28)

参考文献数

28

---

Many studies have reported that wild and captive nonhuman primates have an advanced ability to understand causal relationships and use tools. However, the only studies investigating physical causal understanding in rodents under controlled experimental settings has been conducted in degus. The present studies conducted tool-use tasks in rats in an experimental setting, similar to tasks conducted in nonhuman primates and birds, and we used newly developed tasks to investigate their ability for physical causal understanding. In these tasks, rats were required to use tools to obtain food beyond their reach. Research 1 showed that rats chose appropriate tools to obtain food even when two novel tools were presented. In addition, Research 2 showed that rats were able to manipulate a tool according to the position of food. Our studies first suggest that rats have a primitive ability to understand physical causal relationships between pulling tools and approaching food. We propose the rat as an animal model to shed light on the evolution of physical causal understanding from rodents to humans.

著者

長谷川 寿一

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.47-48, 1997-06-25 (Released:2009-10-13)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

著者

佐藤 侑太郎 狩野 文浩 平田 聡

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.68.1.7, (Released:2018-05-31)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

3

---

Emotion is understudied in nonhuman animals despite broad interests in the topic. This is partly due to the difficulty in measuring subtle emotional reactions, such as physiological changes, under ecologically-valid situations. It is particularly challenging because the majority of traditional physiological measurements require animal participants to wear electrodes and head/body restraints in a laboratory. Recent advances in infrared thermography (IRT), and its use in measuring changes in animals' skin-temperature, offer suitable solutions for these challenges. This article reviews a growing body of research employing IRT in the study of animal emotions and identify both merits and shortcomings of IRT which need to be considered when designing experiments and observations. Also, we introduce our recent efforts to facilitate the use of IRT for the study of large-body animals, such as chimpanzees. Finally, we illustrate some of the critical future directions of IRT for the study of nonhuman animals. In conclusion, the study of animal emotion is more possible than ever before with this novel technology.

著者

依田 憲

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.68.1.3, (Released:2018-03-28)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1

---

Bio-logging, i.e., the use of animal-borne sensors such as acceleration, GPS, electroencephalogram, and video camera, allows researchers to measure the behavioral and physiological data of animals as well as the variables of the environments in which the animals move. The derived animal-borne data, coupled with statistical modeling, can be used to understand ecologically significant phenomena, such as the navigation strategies of animals, across multiple spatiotemporal scales. For example, streaked shearwaters (Calonectris leucomelas) have evolved the ability to locate their home far away from the colony and adjust the onset time of their homeward journeys according to the distance to the home. We discuss the current trends and limitations in bio-logging science and propose future directions for integrating bio-logging with engineering, robot technology, and data science.