著者

澤 幸祐 後藤 和宏

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.64.2.2, (Released:2014-11-27)

参考文献数

14

著者

中尾 央 後藤 和宏

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.65.1.1, (Released:2015-02-07)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1 2

---

This paper considers methodological problems in animal metacognition studies. After summarizing a variety of experimental designs to study animal metacognition, we review recent literature that were not included in Fujita (2010)'s more comprehensive review. We then examined Carruthers (2008; Carruthers and Rithie 2012)' skeptic argument against animal metacognition. He argued that no experiments thus far successfully exclude the possibility that animals, as well as human infants, elicit "metacognitive" responses without explicitly and consciously monitoring internal representations. We argued that newly developed experimental paradigms to study explicit memory processes could be a key to reject Caruuthers' skeptic argument and thus facilitate understanding how we access to the internal representations.

著者

後藤 和宏 幡地 祐哉

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.1-13, 2020 (Released:2020-08-03)

参考文献数

23

---

Automated touchscreen-based tasks are increasingly being used to explore a broad range of issues in learning and behavior in mice. Researchers usually report how they train mice before acquiring a target task concisely, and shaping protocols at this stage are typically flexible. In this report, we described a training protocol, developed in our laboratory, for mice acquiring a simultaneous discrimination performance using visual stimuli. C57BL/6N mice were first given magazine training. Nosepoke responses were then authoshaped and maintained on a continuous reinforcement schedule. Self-start response was then introduced in order to measure response time to complete each trial. The stimulus position was also varied across trials. We finally examined the contrast discrimination performance. Mice were tested with four different contrast ratios. Target stimuli were white and black targets and the brightness of distractors had values between targets and background. All mice successfully went through all training stages, confirming that this training protocol is promising for shaping appropriate discriminative behaviors in mice.

著者

後藤 和宏

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.68.2.1, (Released:2018-05-31)

参考文献数

2

著者

後藤 和宏

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.49-57, 2012 (Released:2012-07-27)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

3 1

---

Anthropomorphim is an enduring controversy in comparative cognition. Some studies in comparative cognition search for human-like behavior as evidence for evolutionary continuity of mental processes as Darwin encouraged. Others eschew interpreting observed behaviors in terms of anthropomorphic mental processes. Even in the former cases, students of comparative cognition often use the predictions by associative learning or reinforcement learning as killjoy explanations to examine the existence of complex cognitive processes shared between humans and other species. In the present paper, I reviewed some of such challenges, including my own, to show how anthropomorphic questions can be studied scientifically. I also reviewed other studies in which the killjoy explanations were inappropriately applied. Misuses of the killjoy explanations are typically revealed by showing human adults behave differently from the experimenters anthropomorphic predictions.

著者

中尾 央 後藤 和宏

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.45-58, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2

---

This paper considers methodological problems in animal metacognition studies. After summarizing a variety of experimental designs to study animal metacognition, we review recent literature that were not included in Fujita (2010)'s more comprehensive review. We then examined Carruthers (2008; Carruthers and Rithie 2012)' skeptic argument against animal metacognition. He argued that no experiments thus far successfully exclude the possibility that animals, as well as human infants, elicit "metacognitive" responses without explicitly and consciously monitoring internal representations. We argued that newly developed experimental paradigms to study explicit memory processes could be a key to reject Caruuthers' skeptic argument and thus facilitate understanding how we access to the internal representations.

著者

後藤 和宏

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.131-134, 2018 (Released:2018-12-18)

参考文献数

2

著者

牛谷 智一 後藤 和宏

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.103-109, 2008

著者

後藤 和宏 牛谷 智一

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.77-85, 2008

著者

後藤 和宏

出版者

日本視覚学会

雑誌

VISION (ISSN:09171142)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.98-104, 2022-10-20 (Released:2022-10-26)

参考文献数

29

著者

澤 幸祐 後藤 和宏

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.47-49, 2014 (Released:2014-12-22)

参考文献数

14

著者

後藤 和宏 幡地 祐哉

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.70.1.2, (Released:2020-06-23)

参考文献数

23

---

Automated touchscreen-based tasks are increasingly being used to explore a broad range of issues in learning and behavior in mice. Researchers usually report how they train mice before acquiring a target task concisely, and shaping protocols at this stage are typically flexible. In this report, we described a training protocol, developed in our laboratory, for mice acquiring a simultaneous discrimination performance using visual stimuli. C57BL/6N mice were first given magazine training. Nosepoke responses were then authoshaped and maintained on a continuous reinforcement schedule. Self-start response was then introduced in order to measure response time to complete each trial. The stimulus position was also varied across trials. We finally examined the contrast discrimination performance. Mice were tested with four different contrast ratios. Target stimuli were white and black targets and the brightness of distractors had values between targets and background. All mice successfully went through all training stages, confirming that this training protocol is promising for shaping appropriate discriminative behaviors in mice.

著者

後藤 和宏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.4, pp.352-367, 2009 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

132

被引用文献数

2 2

---

Primates and birds are visually dominant species. Recent comparative studies in visual perception address questions about the differences between humans and nonhuman primates, as well as primates and birds. This paper discusses the relative importance of global and local visual processing in primates and birds. Although most nonhuman animals, unlike humans, show a local advantage when processing hierarchical compounding stimuli, studies using other types of stimuli revealed that primate vision may process global information prior to local information. In contrast, the importance of global processing for birds is restricted for ecologically important stimuli such as conspecific images. Both global and local precedence in vision are the result of animals' equally successful adaptations to their living environments, implying that global-oriented human vision is not the only best system.

著者

後藤 和宏 牛谷 智一

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.77-85, 2008 (Released:2008-06-27)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

---

The purpose of this article was to address issues on what the role of species comparison is for the studies of animal psychology. Whereas some people think that the comparison has a critical role in their approaches, others do not. We classify these two groups of people as evolutionists and generalists, respectively. In the evolutionary approach, different species are compared to examine correlations between specific selective pressures (such as caching food) and cognitive abilities (such as spatial learning) in animals. In contrast, different species of animals are compared to examine universal principles of learning in the generalist approach. Although the generalists' ideas of the “universal” principles of learning provide parsimonious explanations of animals' behavior, they tend to underestimate influences of selective pressures on learning and cognition. We therefore propose a new framework for the study of animal learning and cognition; it is based on the evolutionary approach and examines ultimate causes of diversities of learning and cognition but includes ideas of generalists' approaches to explain proximate causes.

著者

牛谷 智一 後藤 和宏

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.43-44, 2008 (Released:2008-06-27)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1

著者

後藤 和宏

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.62.1.8, (Released:2012-07-06)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

3 1

---

Anthropomorphim is an enduring controversy in comparative cognition. Some studies in comparative cognition search for human-like behavior as evidence for evolutionary continuity of mental processes as Darwin encouraged. Others eschew interpreting observed behaviors in terms of anthropomorphic mental processes. Even in the former cases, students of comparative cognition often use the predictions by associative learning or reinforcement learning as killjoy explanations to examine the existence of complex cognitive processes shared between humans and other species. In the present paper, I reviewed some of such challenges, including my own, to show how anthropomorphic questions can be studied scientifically. I also reviewed other studies in which the killjoy explanations were inappropriately applied. Misuses of the killjoy explanations are typically revealed by showing human adults behave differently from the experimenters anthropomorphic predictions.

著者

小林 英知 朝日 亨 後藤 和宏 服部 敏温 清水 剛 石丸 新

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体外循環技術医学会

雑誌

体外循環技術 (ISSN:09122664)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.25-27, 1998-05-25 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

3

---

腹部大動脈瘤に対するY型人工血管置換術10例に対し, COBE社製洗浄式自己血回収装置BRATTM2を用いて洗浄効率を測定し,本装置の有用性について検討した。廃液および回収血を採取し, WBC・RBC・Ht・Hb・Plt・ヘパリン・Cr・BUN・T-Bil・TPについて回収率と洗浄効率をそれぞれ算出した。赤血球の回収率は良好な結果が得られたが,回収血のHtは49.7%と低値であったため,回収血にヘパリンの残在が確認された。しかし,ヘパリンの洗浄効率は95.3%と高値であった。また,他の血漿成分の洗浄効率も高い値を示した。

著者

渡辺 茂 古屋 泉 山崎 由美子 藤崎 智子 草山 太一 後藤 和宏 西脇 レイ 鈴木 貴子

出版者

慶應義塾大学大学院社会学研究科

雑誌

慶応義塾大学大学院社会学研究科紀要 (ISSN:0912456X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.54, pp.13-22, 2002

---

論文1) 序論2) 動物実験による気分修飾効果の検討実験1 強制水泳での無動状態への効果実験2 カカオによる条件性場所選好の形成実験3 CMP気分修飾効果の用量 : 反応曲線実験4 学習性嫌悪にたいするCMPの効果3) ヒトにおける気分修飾効果実験5 暖昧語評価によるチョコレート摂取の気分修飾効果1実験6 暖昧語評価によるチョコレート摂取の気分修飾効果24) 総合考察 : 味覚効果との関連謝辞

著者

牛谷 智一 後藤 和宏

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.103-109, 2008 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

25

---

In our target article published in the latest special issue of the Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology, we proposed a new framework of species comparison for studies of animal psychology in which the generalist and evolutionist approaches were incorporated. The 13 open peer commentaries to the target article, the pros and cons, provided valuable criticisms on our proposal. Although generalists were skeptical of scientific validity of the evolutionist approach due to its difficulty of experimental examination, we think that species comparison allows us to test evolutionist hypotheses with regard to adaptive values (ultimate causes) of certain psychological processes in a falsifiable manner. In the present paper, we reemphasized that species comparison has a critical role in studies of animal psychology and that the examination of ultimate cause is as important as that of proximate causes of psychological processes.

著者

後藤 和宏

出版者

全日本建設技術協会

雑誌

月刊建設

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.29-31, 2011-01